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Calophyllum
Taxonomy
Calophyllum was named by Dana (1846) [Sepkoski's age data: C Vise-u P Dora Sepkoski's reference number: 666,957]. It is not extant.
It was assigned to Polycoeliinae by Hill (1956); to Polycoeliidae by Fedorowski and Bamber (2001); and to Rugosa by Sepkoski (2002).
It was assigned to Polycoeliinae by Hill (1956); to Polycoeliidae by Fedorowski and Bamber (2001); and to Rugosa by Sepkoski (2002).
Species
C. (Groenlandophyllum), C. angustum, C. baytuganense, C. columnare (syn. Cyathophyllum plarrei, Cyathaxonia herbsti, Astrocyathus geinitzi, Tetraphyllum profundum, Caryophillia quadrifida, Zaphrentis callosa, Cyathophyllum profundum), C. crassimurale, C. cylindrica, C. lhazeensis, C. longiseptata, C. micron, C. permica, C. punctata, C. quadrifidum (syn. Petraia dentalis, Astrocyathus incisus, Turbinolia donatiana, Polycoelia gracilis, Astrocyathus compressus), C. rhopalotum, Polycoelia dobrolyubovae, Pycnocoelia flabelliformis
Species lacking formal opinion data
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1846 | Calophyllum Dana |
| 1849 | Polycoelia King p. 388 |
| 1865 | Tetraphyllum Ludwig |
| 1872 | Phryganophyllum de Koninck |
| 1952 | Pycnocoelia Schindewolf |
| 1956 | Calophyllum Hill |
| 2001 | Calophyllum Fedorowski and Bamber p. 53 |
| 2002 | Calophyllum Sepkoski |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. †Calophyllum Dana 1846
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Subg. †Calophyllum (Groenlandophyllum) Flügel 1973
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†Calophyllum (Groenlandophyllum) nodosum Flügel 1973
†Calophyllum (Groenlandophyllum) teicherti Flügel 1973
†Calophyllum angustum Rothpletz 1892
†Calophyllum baytuganense Soshkina 1941
†Calophyllum columnare von Schlotheim 1813
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Invalid names: Astrocyathus geinitzi Ludwig 1866 [synonym], Cyathaxonia herbsti Ludwig 1869 [synonym], Cyathophyllum plarrei Eisel 1900 [synonym], Cyathophyllum profundum Germar 1842 [synonym], Tetraphyllum profundum Ludwig 1865 [synonym], Zaphrentis callosa Ludwig 1869 [synonym]
†Calophyllum crassimurale Lin 1984
†Calophyllum cylindrica Grabau 1931
†Calophyllum lhazeensis Lin 1984
†Calophyllum longiseptata Grabau 1928
†Calophyllum micron Flügel 1973
†Calophyllum permica Flügel 1973
†Calophyllum punctata Flügel 1973
†Calophyllum quadrifidum Howse 1848
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Invalid names: Astrocyathus compressus Ludwig 1869 [synonym], Astrocyathus incisus Ludwig 1869 [synonym], Petraia dentalis King 1848 [synonym], Polycoelia gracilis Schindewolf 1942 [synonym], Turbinolia donatiana King 1848 [synonym]
†Calophyllum rhopalotum Yu et al. 1981
Invalid names: Groenlandophyllum Flügel 1973 [synonym], Phryganophyllum de Koninck 1872 [synonym], Polycoelia King 1849 [synonym], Pycnocoelia Schindewolf 1952 [synonym], Tetraphyllum Ludwig 1865 [synonym]
Diagnosis
| Reference | Diagnosis | |
|---|---|---|
| J. Fedorowski and E. W. Bamber 2001 | Small Polycoeliidae; cardinal, counter and two alar septa almost equally spaced, longer and thicker than other major septa, but in upper third of calice shortened so that all septa appear equal; immature stages zaphrentoid; metaseptal insertion accelerated slightly in counter quadrants; tabulae complete, flat axially, with downturned margins; microstructure of septa trabecular; trabeculae 0.03-0.1 mm in diameter, arranged in single row. |
Measurements
| part | N | mean | minimum | maximum | median | s.d. | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| shell diameter | 7 | 8.49 | 6.30 | 10.5 | 9.70 | 1.89 |
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| Source: g = genus, o = order, c = class | |||||
| Reference: Kiessling 2004 | |||||
Collections (63 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Visean | Australia (Queensland) | C. sp. (40010) | |
| Asbian - Brigantian | United Kingdom (England) | C. sp. (28383) | |
| Bashkirian - Moscovian | China (Nei Mongol) | C. sp. (78558) | |
| Moscovian | Spain | C. problematicum (67700) | |
| Stephanian | China (Nei Mongol) | C. sp. (78562) | |
| Sakmarian - Artinskian | East Timor | Polycoelia sp., Polycoelia weberi (21163) | |
| Artinskian | Svalbard and Jan Mayen | Polycoelia heintzi (212504) | |
| Kungurian | Iran | C. cantabricum (99783) C. sp., C. angustum (99780) C. tenue, C. cantabricum (99779) | |
| Kungurian | Russian Federation (Respublika Komi) | C. gerthi (79426) | |
| Kungurian | Tajikistan | Polycoelia dobrolyubovae (144256) | |
| Kungurian | China (Jilin) | C. rhopalotum (121530) | |
| Guadalupian | Iran | Geinitzella columnaris (211731) | |
| Roadian | China (Heilongjiang) | C. baytuganense (109615) | |
| Roadian | China (Nei Mongol) | C. sp. (112668 112669) | |
| Roadian | Russian Federation | C. profundum (74983) | |
| Roadian | Iran | C. sp. (107691) | |
| Roadian | China (Jilin) | Pycnocoelia flabelliformis (121528) | |
| Roadian - Wordian | Iran | Geinitzella columnaris (211728) | |
| Roadian - Wordian | Indonesia | Polycoelia angusta (39608) | |
| Wordian | China (Guangxi) | C. sp. (75816) | |
| Wordian | China (Nei Mongol) | C. baytuganense (109617) Polycoelia cylindrica (109257) Polycoelia longiseptata (109091 109168) | |
| Wordian - Capitanian | China (Xizang) | C. crassimurale (131048) C. lhazeensis (131046 131049) | |
| Capitanian | Tunisia (Madanin) | C. angustum (41850) | |
| Capitanian | Canada (Nunavut) | C. columnare (107834 107842) | |
| Capitanian | USA (Texas) | Polycoelia sp. (133736) | |
| Wuchiapingian | Canada (Nunavut) | C. columnare (107841) | |
| Wuchiapingian | Greenland | C. permica, C. punctata, C. micron, C. teicherti, C. nodosum, Hapsiphyllum sp. (108482) C. punctata, C. micron, C. teicherti (108483) C. punctata, C. teicherti (108484) | |
| Wuchiapingian | Pakistan | Geinitzella columnaris (88933 119526 119617) | |
| Wuchiapingian | United Kingdom | Caryophillia quadrifida (130870) | |
| Wuchiapingian | Germany | Astrocyathus geinitzi, C. profundum (208888) Astrocyathus incisus, Astrocyathus compressus (208887) C. columnare (208880 208881 208884 208885) C. profundum (208889) C. quadrifidum (208882 208883) Coralliolites columnaris (117893) Cyathophyllum profundum (118868) Zaphrentis callosa, Cyathaxonia herbsti (208886) | |
| Wuchiapingian | Svalbard and Jan Mayen (Hornsund) | C. columnare (87548) | |
| Wuchiapingian | United Kingdom (England) | Petraia profunda, C. donatianum (130765) | |
| Wuchiapingian | Indonesia | Polycoelia angusta (132787) | |
| Wuchiapingian | United Kingdom (Durham) | Petraia profunda (161505) | |
| Lopingian | Bosnia and Herzegovina | Geinitzella columnaris (206739 206741) | |
| Zechstein | Greenland | C. spp. (31424) | |
| Changhsingian | China (Guizhou) | C. qinglongense (112085) | |
| Changhsingian | China (Hunan) | C. sp. (120756) |