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Ursus arctos (brown bear)

Mammalia - Carnivora - Ursidae

Taxonomy
Ursus arctos was named by Linnaeus (1758). It is extant. It is the type species of Ursus.

Synonyms
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1758Ursus arctos Linnaeus p. 47
1815Ursus horribilis Ord
1817Ursus ferox Desmarest
1825Danis ferox Gray p. 60
1854Ursus pruinosus Blyth
1864Myrmarctos eversmanni Gray p. 694
1898Melanarctos cavifrons Heude p. 18
1899Ursus procerus Miller, Jr. p. 55
1902Ursus arctos Hay p. 763
1902Ursus procerus Hay p. 763
1911Ursus arctos Thomas p. 139
1923Mylarctos pruinosus Lönnberg p. 91
1927Ursus arctos Boule and De Villeneuve p. 72 figs. Pl 13, fig 7
1968Ursus arctos Kurten p. 127
1973Ursus arctos Ewer
1980Ursus arctos Kurten and Anderson p. 184
1985Ursus arctos Emslie and Czaplewski p. 2
1998Ursus arctos Hunt, Jr. p. 185
1999Ursus arctos Waits et al. p. 90
2001Ursus arctos Larivière p. 1

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
—Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
—Tetrapoda
—Reptiliomorpha
—Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
—Cotylosauria()
—Amniota
subclassSynapsida
—Therapsida()
infraorderCynodontia()
—Mammaliamorpha
—Mammaliaformes
classMammalia
—Theriamorpha(Rowe 1993)
—Theriiformes()
RankNameAuthor
—Trechnotheria
—Cladotheria
—Zatheria
subclassTribosphenida()
subclassTheria
—Eutheria()
—Placentalia
—Boreoeutheria
—Laurasiatheria
—Scrotifera
—Ferae()
—CarnivoramorphaWyss and Flynn 1993
—CarnivoraformesFlynn et al.
orderCarnivora
suborderCaniformiaKretzoi 1943
infraorderCanoidea(Simpson 1931)
superfamilyArctoideaFlower 1869
—Ursida
superfamilyUrsoideaFischer de Waldheim 1817
familyUrsidaeGray 1825
subfamilyUrsinaeSwainson 1835
tribeUrsini
genusUrsus
speciesarctos

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Ursus arctos Linnaeus 1758 [brown bear]
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Invalid names: Danis ferox Desmarest 1817 [synonym], Melanarctos cavifrons Heude 1898 [synonym], Myrmarctos eversmanni Gray 1864 [synonym], Ursus horribilis Ord 1815 [synonym], Ursus procerus Miller, Jr. 1899 [synonym], Ursus pruinosus Blyth 1854 [synonym]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
partNmean

Composition: phosphaticsubp
Environment: terrestrialsubc
Locomotion: actively mobilec
Life habit: ground dwellingf
Diet: herbivores
Diet 2: carnivores
Reproduction: viviparoussubc
Comments: "non-vertebrate/meat group" (Van Valkenburgh 1988)s
Created: 2009-01-04 14:27:49
Modified: 2009-01-04 16:28:55
Source: s = species, f = family, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum
References: Carroll 1988, Hendy et al. 2009, Van Valkenburgh 1988, Lillegraven 1979, Ji et al. 2002, Nowak 1991

Age range: base of the Early/Lower Pleistocene to the top of the Holocene or 2.58800 to 0.00000 Ma

Collections (55 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Early/Lower Pleistocene2.588 - 0.781Germany (Thüringen) Ursus arctos (43020 45085)
Early/Lower Pleistocene - Late/Upper Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117Italy (Sicily) Ursus arctos (94328)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117Italy (Verona) Ursus arctos (43656)
Pleistocene - Holocene2.588 - 0.0USA (Texas) Ursus horribilis (93258)
Pleistocene - Holocene2.588 - 0.0Morocco Ursus arctos (21856)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129China (Liaoning) Ursus arctos (230980)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129Italy (Verona) Ursus arctos (43643 43645 43655)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129Italy (Vicenza) Ursus arctos (43666 43697)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129Turkey Ursus arctos (43008)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129United Kingdom (England) Ursus ferox (77754)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129Germany (Baden-Wuerttemberg) Ursus arctos (50259)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129Japan (Aomori) Ursus arctos (101897)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129Hungary Ursus arctos (35045)
Middle Pleistocene - Late/Upper Pleistocene0.774 - 0.0117Monaco Ursus arctos (191730)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Netherlands Ursus arctos (82530)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Greece (Aridaia) Ursus arctos (208562)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Portugal Ursus arctos (197768)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (Ohio) Ursus procerus (74139)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117United Kingdom Ursus arctos (93837)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (Kentucky) Ursus arctos (74141)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (Wyoming) Ursus arctos (93277)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Greece (Peloponnese) Ursus arctos (204955)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Portugal (Leiria) Ursus arctos (230380)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Spain Ursus arctos (90036 199941)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117United Kingdom (England) Ursus arctos (93828 96782)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Taiwan Ursus arctos (73686)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Spain (Valencia) Ursus arctos (221415 221416)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Russian Federation (Respublika Saha (Jakutija)) Ursus arctos (48587)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial)0.129 - 0.0117Russian Federation Ursus arctos (79548)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Italy (Vicenza) Ursus arctos (43689)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (late glacial)0.129 - 0.0117Canada (Ontario) Ursus arctos (74140)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Greece (Peloponnesus) Ursus arctos (184245)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117China (Heilongjiang) Ursus arctos (230983)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (Nevada) Ursus arctos (93278)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Japan (Aomori) Ursus arctos (101898 101899 195045)
Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene0.129 - 0.0Spain Ursus arctos (199944)
Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene0.129 - 0.0Greece (Peloponnesus) Ursus arctos (184243)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Canada (Quebec) Ursus arctos (51005)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Canada (Nunavut) Ursus arctos (175961)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0USA (Alaska) Ursus horribilis (220460)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Russian Federation Ursus arctos (175941 175942)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0France Ursus arctos (195041)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0USA (Washington) Ursus arctos (215546)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Spain Ursus arctos (199942)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0USA (Montana) Ursus arctos (162133)