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Ankylosaurus magniventris
Taxonomy
Ankylosaurus magniventris was named by Brown (1908). Its type specimen is AMNH 5895, a partial skeleton (partial skull, two teeth, five cervical vertebrae, 11 dorsal vertebrae, three caudal vertebrae, right scapulocoracoid, ribs, osteoderms including portions of bo), and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is upper end, Gilbert Creek, which is in a Maastrichtian terrestrial horizon in the Hell Creek Formation of Montana. It was considered monophyletic by Vickaryous et al. (2004).
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1908 | Ankylosaurus magniventris Abel p. 215 |
| 1908 | Ankylosaurus magniventris Brown p. 188 |
| 1909 | Anchylosaurus magniventris Sternberg p. 257 |
| 1914 | Ankylosaurus magniventris Brown p. 358 |
| 1915 | Ankylosaurus magniventris Hennig p. 14 |
| 1924 | Ankylosaurus magniventris Parks p. 7 |
| 1927 | Ankylosaurus magniventris Huene p. 261 |
| 1930 | Ankylosaurus magniventris Hay p. 238 |
| 1930 | Ankylosaurus magniventris Russell p. 144 |
| 1933 | Ankylosaurus magniventris Russell p. 129 |
| 1953 | Ankylosaurus magniventris Bohlin p. 67 |
| 1954 | Ankylosaurus magniventris Maleev |
| 1956 | Ankylosaurus magniventris Maleev |
| 1964 | Ankylosaurus magniventris Kuhn p. 45 |
| 1964 | Ankylosaurus magniventris Russell p. 17 |
| 1964 | Ankylosaurus magniventris Tatarinov p. 575 |
| 1965 | Ankylosaurus magniventris Simmons p. 70 |
| 1970 | Ankylosaurus magniventris Bodily p. 37 |
| 1970 | Ankylosaurus magniventris Swinton p. 247 |
| 1978 | Ankylosaurus magniventris Coombs p. 146 fig. 1 |
| 1980 | Ankylosaurus magniventris Molnar p. 81 |
| 1983 | Ankylosaurus magniventris Galton p. 16 |
| 1985 | Ankylosaurus magniventris Breithaupt p. 170 |
| 1986 | Ankylosaurus magniventris Coombs, Jr. p. 170 |
| 1987 | Ankylosaurus magniventris Tumanova p. 15 |
| 1990 | Ankylosaurus magniventris Coombs, Jr. p. 277 |
| 1994 | Ankylosaurus magniventris Derstler p. 139 |
| 1994 | Ankylosaurus magniventris Molnar and Wiffen p. 695 |
| 1996 | Ankylosaurus magniventris Coombs, Jr. and Deméré p. 319 |
| 1997 | Ankylosaurus magniventris Eberth p. 202 |
| 2000 | Ankylosaurus magniventris Ford p. 175 |
| 2001 | Ankylosaurus magniventris Carpenter p. 457 |
| 2001 | Ankylosaurus magniventris Eberth et al. p. 66 |
| 2002 | Ankylosaurus magniventris Buchholz p. 20 |
| 2003 | Ankylosaurus magniventris Garcia and Pereda-Suberbiola p. 162 fig. 7 |
| 2004 | Ankylosaurus magniventris Carpenter p. 962 |
| 2004 | Ankylosaurus magniventris Vickaryous et al. p. 365 |
| 2007 | Ankylosaurus magniventris Lü et al. p. 884 |
| 2007 | Ankylosaurus magniventris Lü et al. p. 348 |
| 2008 | Ankylosaurus magniventris Burns p. 1109 |
| 2008 | Ankylosaurus magniventris Butler et al. p. 7 |
| 2008 | Ankylosaurus magniventris Longrich p. 136 |
| 2011 | Ankylosaurus magniventris Burns and Sullivan p. 177 |
| 2011 | Ankylosaurus magniventris Carpenter et al. p. 5 |
| 2011 | Ankylosaurus magniventris Jasinski et al. p. 234 |
| 2013 | Ankylosaurus magniventris Arbour and Currie p. 27 |
| 2013 | Ankylosaurus magniventris Kirkland et al. p. 7 |
| 2013 | Ankylosaurus magniventris Leahey and Salisbury p. 251 |
| 2014 | Ankylosaurus magniventris Arbour et al. p. 2 |
| 2014 | Ankylosaurus magniventris Arbour et al. p. 634 |
| 2014 | Ankylosaurus magniventris Han et al. p. 12 fig. 9 |
| 2014 | Ankylosaurus magniventris Penkalski p. 618 |
| 2016 | Ankylosaurus magniventris Arbour and Currie p. 417–418 |
| 2016 | Ankylosaurus magniventris Kineer et al. p. 42 |
| 2017 | Ankylosaurus magniventris Arbour and Mallon p. 768 |
| 2021 | Ankylosaurus magniventris Breeden et al. p. 21 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
†Ankylosaurus magniventris Brown 1908
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Diagnosis
| Reference | Diagnosis | |
|---|---|---|
| T. A. Tumanova 1987 | Premaxillary beak wide, anterior oval-shaped, width less than distance between rear maxillary teeth; anterior and posterior maxillary shelves well developed, especially anterior; palatal bones and structures raised horizontally; medial section of anterior wall of pterygoids inclined posteriorly; plane of occiput inclined posteriorly; paroccipital processes inclined laterally; occipital condyle broad oval shape, inclined postero-ventrally; quadrate and paroccipital processes do not fuse. | |
| K. Carpenter 2004 | Llargest known ankylosaurid, up to 6.25 m; premaxillae expanded laterally by internal sinuses, crowding external nares to lateral sides; maximum width of maxillary tooth rows same as width of premaxillary beak; external nares opposite 1st maxillary tooth; large, triangular osteoderm fused to postorbital and squamosal, directed posterodorsolaterally; large triangular osteoderm fused to jugal and quadratojugal, directed posteroventrolaterally; cranial ornamentation of large, flat polygons, including a large, diamond-shaped internarial; sharp supraorbital osteoderms continuous with squamosal osteoderm; greatest number of cheek teeth of all ankylosaurids (34–35/35–36); quadrate process of pterygoid directed laterally, not posterolaterally; cervical half-ring of three keeled plates, outermost has a laterally projecting keel; body armor includes relatively smooth textured plates, with sharp edge or lower keel along one margin. | |
| V. M. Arbour and P. J. Currie 2016 | Uniquely amongst ankylosaurs, external nares open ventrolaterally with narial opening not visible in anterior view; neural spines of tail club handle vertebrae U-shaped in dorsal view (not V-shaped as in other ankylosaurids). Differs from all other ankylosaurs in possessing the following combination of characters: flat, hexagonal frontonasal caputegulae; keel of anterior and posterior supraorbital caputegulae continuous with keel of squamosal horn; 34–35/35–36 maxillary teeth (greater number of maxillary teeth than in Anodontosaurus or Euoplocephalus); compared to Anodontosaurus and Euoplocephalus, handle vertebrae of same length, neural arch of handle vertebrae in Ankylosaurus at least twice as wide as in Anodontosaurus or Euoplocephalus; tail club knob approximately as wide as long (also present in Euoplocephalus and Scolosaurus), not wider than long as in Ano- dontosaurus or longer than wide as in Dyoplosaurus. | |
| V. M. Arbour and J. C. Mallon 2017 | Ankylosaurine ankylosaur with a pattern of flat, hexagonal frontonasal caputegulae. Uniquely among ankylosaurids, nasal vestibule roofed entirely by loreal caputegulum and not supranarial caputegulum as in Anodontosaurus, Euoplocephalus, Scolosaurus, Ziapelta, and Zuul; the nasal vestibule is partially roofed by the loreal and supranarial caputegulae in Nodocephalosaurus. External nares open ventrolaterally; narial opening is not visible in anterior view. Loreal caputegulum is laterally expanded and bulbous. Keel of anterior and posterior supraorbital caputegulae is continu- ous with keel of squamosal horn. 34–36 proportionally small maxillary teeth (<2% basal skull length); greater number of maxillary teeth than in Anodontosaurus or Euoplocephalus. Neural spines of tail club handle vertebrae are U-shaped in dorsal view (not V-shaped as in other ankylosaurids). Compared with the handle vertebrae of Anodontosaurus and Euoplocephalus of the same length, the neural arch of the handle vertebrae in Ankylosaurus is at least twice as wide. Tail club knob approximately as transversely wide as anteroposteriorly long (also present in Euoplocephalus and Scolosaurus), not wider than long as in Anodontosaurus or longer than wide as in Dyoplosaurus. |