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Ankylosaurinae
Taxonomy
Ankylosaurinae was named by Nopcsa (1918). Its type is Ankylosaurus. It was considered monophyletic by Vickaryous et al. (2004).
It was assigned to Acanthopholidae by Nopcsa (1923) and Nopcsa (1923); to Nodosauridae by Nopcsa (1929), Kuhn (1966) and Maryanska (1971); and to Ankylosauridae by Russell and Chamney (1967), Tumanova (1983), Sereno (1986), Tumanova (1987), Tumanova (1993), Vickaryous and Ryan (1997), Sereno (1997), Sereno (1998), Sereno (1999), Ford (2000), Vickaryous et al. (2001), Vickaryous et al. (2004), Han et al. (2014), Arbour et al. (2014), Arbour and Currie (2016), Yang et al. (2017), Arbour and Mallon (2017), Penkalski and Tumanova (2017), Arbour and Evans (2017), Penkalski (2018) and Zheng et al. (2018).
It was assigned to Acanthopholidae by Nopcsa (1923) and Nopcsa (1923); to Nodosauridae by Nopcsa (1929), Kuhn (1966) and Maryanska (1971); and to Ankylosauridae by Russell and Chamney (1967), Tumanova (1983), Sereno (1986), Tumanova (1987), Tumanova (1993), Vickaryous and Ryan (1997), Sereno (1997), Sereno (1998), Sereno (1999), Ford (2000), Vickaryous et al. (2001), Vickaryous et al. (2004), Han et al. (2014), Arbour et al. (2014), Arbour and Currie (2016), Yang et al. (2017), Arbour and Mallon (2017), Penkalski and Tumanova (2017), Arbour and Evans (2017), Penkalski (2018) and Zheng et al. (2018).
Synonymy list
Year | Name and author |
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1918 | Ankylosaurinae Nopcsa |
1923 | Ankylosaurinae Nopcsa p. 126 |
1929 | Ankylosaurinae Nopcsa p. 71 |
1966 | Ankylosaurinae Kuhn p. 105 |
1967 | Ankylosaurinae Russell and Chamney p. 11 |
1971 | Ankylosaurinae Maryanska p. 47 |
1983 | Ankylosaurinae Tumanova p. 110 |
1986 | Ankylosaurinae Sereno |
1987 | Ankylosaurinae Tumanova p. 15 |
1993 | Ankylosaurinae Tumanova p. 119 |
1997 | Ankylosaurinae Sereno p. 443 |
1997 | Ankylosaurinae Vickaryous and Ryan p. 491 |
1998 | Ankylosaurinae Sereno p. 61 |
1999 | Ankylosaurinae Sereno p. 2138 fig. 2 |
2000 | Ankylosaurinae Ford p. 175 |
2001 | Ankylosaurinae Vickaryous et al. p. 1774 |
2004 | Ankylosaurinae Vickaryous et al. p. 364 |
2014 | Ankylosaurinae Arbour et al. |
2014 | Ankylosaurinae Han et al. p. 14 fig. 11 |
2016 | Ankylosaurinae Arbour and Currie p. 405 |
2017 | Ankylosaurinae Arbour and Evans p. 7 |
2017 | Ankylosaurinae Arbour and Mallon p. 768 |
2017 | Ankylosaurinae Penkalski and Tumanova |
2017 | Ankylosaurinae Yang et al. p. 786 fig. 5 |
2018 | Ankylosaurinae Penkalski p. 264 |
2018 | Ankylosaurinae Zheng et al. |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Subfm. †Ankylosaurinae Nopcsa 1918
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Tr. †Ankylosaurini Arbour and Currie 2016
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Tr. †Euoplocephalini Penkalski 2018
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G. †Anodontosaurus Sternberg 1929
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†Anodontosaurus inceptus Penkalski 2018
†Anodontosaurus lambei Sternberg 1929
G. †Euoplocephalus Lambe 1910
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†Euoplocephalus tutus Lambe 1902
Invalid names: Stereocephalus Lambe 1902 [replaced]
G. †Scolosaurus Nopcsa 1928 [thorn lizard]
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†Scolosaurus cutleri Nopcsa 1928
†Scolosaurus thronus Penkalski 2018
G. †Minotaurasaurus Miles and Miles 2009
G. †Pinacosaurus Gilmore 1933
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†Pinacosaurus grangeri Gilmore 1933
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Invalid names: Pinacosaurus ninghsiensis Young 1935 [synonym], Syrmosaurus viminocaudus Maleev 1952 [synonym]
†Pinacosaurus mephistocephalus Godefroit et al. 1999
Invalid names: Syrmosaurus Maleev 1952 [synonym]
G. †Saichania Maryanska 1977
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†Saichania chulsanensis Maryanska 1977
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Invalid names: Shanxia tianzhenensis Barrett et al. 1998 [synonym], Tianzhenosaurus youngi Pang and Cheng 1998 [synonym]
Invalid names: Shanxia Barrett et al. 1998 [synonym], Tianzhenosaurus Pang and Cheng 1998 [synonym]
G. †Tarchia Maryanska 1977
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†Tarchia kielanae Maryanska 1977
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Invalid names: Minotaurasaurus ramachandrani Miles and Miles 2009 [synonym]
†Tarchia teresae Penkalski and Tumanova 2017
†Tarchia tumanovae Park et al. 2021
Diagnosis
Reference | Diagnosis | |
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T. A. Tumanova 1987 | Ankylosaurs with wide skull, width of which is slightly less or equal to the length; broad snout; orbits oriented slightly forward; angle of orbital plane with long axis of skull about 30o; anterior wall of pterygoids sometimes inclined somewhat sharply posteriorly, but more often inclined anteriorly; occipital condyle oval; basipterygoid process contacts with pterygoid by suture; orbits in posterior half of skull length. |
Measurements
No measurements are available
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Source: g = genus, o = order | |||||
References: Peczkis 1995, Marsh 1875 |
Age range: base of the Late/Upper Albian to the top of the Late/Upper Maastrichtian or 105.30000 to 66.00000 Ma
Collections (119 total)
Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
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Early/Lower Cretaceous | Mongolia (Ovorkhangai) | Syrmosaurus sp. (79703) | |
Albian | China (Zhejiang) | Jinyunpelta sinensis (180708) | |
Late/Upper Albian | China (Liaoning) | Crichtonpelta benxiensis (64018) | |
Cenomanian - Turonian | China (Liaoning) | Crichtonsaurus benxiensis (91201) | |
Cenomanian - Santonian | Mongolia (Omnogov) | Talarurus plicatospineus (51975) Zaraapelta nomadis (130804) | |
Cenomanian - Santonian | Mongolia (Dornogov) | Talarurus plicatospineus (79702) Tsagantegia longicranialis (55389) Tsagantegia sp. (127664) | |
Cenomanian - Campanian | China (Shanxi) | Ankylosauridae indet. (45408) Shanxia tianzhenensis (51907) | |
Late/Upper Cretaceous | China (Ningxia) | Pinacosaurus ninghsiensis (62323) | |
Middle Turonian - Late/Upper Turonian | Uzbekistan (Navoi) | Ankylosaurinae indet. (58165 58167 58174) | |
Coniacian - Santonian | China (Shandong) | Pinacosaurus grangeri (35966) | |
Late/Upper Santonian - Early/Lower Campanian | USA (Montana) | Ankylosauridae indet. (142497) | |
Late/Upper Santonian - Late/Upper Campanian | Mongolia (Omnogov) | Pinacosaurus grangeri (167657) | |
Campanian | Mongolia (Ömnögovi Aimag) | Ankylosauria indet. (130798) | |
Campanian | Canada (Alberta) | Euoplocephalus sp. (52476) | |
Campanian | USA (Montana) | Dyoplosaurus acutosquameus (45681) Euoplocephalus sp. (22694 62541 196407) | |
Campanian | China (Nei Mongol) | Pinacosaurus grangeri (94372 220053 220054 220055 232428) Pinacosaurus mephistocephalus (37807) Pinacosaurus sp. (205652) | |
Campanian | Mongolia (Omnogov) | Pinacosaurus grangeri (45329) | |
Campanian - Maastrichtian | China (Xinjiang) | Euoplocephalus sp. (159589) | |
Early/Lower Campanian | USA (Utah) | Ankylosauridae indet. (14430) | |
Late/Upper Campanian | Canada (Alberta) | Ankylosauria indet. (58957 59023 59037) Ankylosauridae indet. (58759 155220) Anodontosaurus lambei (135807 155221 155222) Dyoplosaurus acutosquameus (46332) Euoplocephalus sp. (35379 48618 61625 61627 155267 196405) Euoplocephalus tutus (59004 223397) Scelidosaurus sp. (155228) | |
Late/Upper Campanian | USA (Montana) | Oohkotokia horneri (138980) Zuul crurivastator (190394) | |
Late/Upper Campanian | USA (New Mexico) | Ankylosauridae indet. (62535) Nodocephalosaurus kirtlandensis (54104 76107 76761 76762 76763 194876) Ziapelta sanjuanensis (169229) | |
Late/Upper Campanian | USA (Utah) | Akainacephalus johnsoni (196592) | |
Late/Upper Campanian | Mongolia (Omnogov) | Pinacosaurus grangeri (46152 55256) Pinacosaurus sp. (37013 37016 59372 127678) Syrmosaurus viminocaudus (53229) | |
Middle Campanian | USA (Montana) | Euoplocephalus sp. (14437) Scolosaurus cutleri (232277) | |
Middle Campanian | Mongolia (Omngov) | Pinacosaurus sp. (100261) | |
Middle Campanian | Mongolia (Omnogov) | Pinacosaurus grangeri (222595) | |
Middle Campanian | Canada (Alberta) | Euoplocephalus sp. (196406) Euoplocephalus tutus (196419 196420) Stegosauria indet. (144551) | |
Middle Campanian - Late/Upper Campanian | Mongolia (Dornogov) | Pinacosaurus grangeri (65338) | |
Middle Campanian - Late/Upper Campanian | USA (Montana) | Euoplocephalus sp. (14470 14492) | |
Middle Campanian - Late/Upper Campanian | Canada (Alberta) | Euoplocephalus sp. (155027) Scolosaurus cutleri (59015) | |
Middle Campanian - Late/Upper Campanian | Mongolia (Omnogov) | Ankylosauridae indet. (28243 181420 181421) Pinacosaurus grangeri (65334) Saichania chulsanensis (11582) | |
Late/Upper Campanian - Early/Lower Maastrichtian | Canada (Alberta) | Ankylosauria indet. (155224) Ankylosaurus sp. (51966) | |
Maastrichtian | Mongolia (Omnogov) | Ankylosauria indet. (55258) Dyoplosaurus giganteus (179625) Tarchia tumanovae (226994) | |
Early/Lower Maastrichtian | USA (Montana) | Euoplocephalus sp. (61631) | |
Early/Lower Maastrichtian | Canada (Alberta) | Ankylosauria indet. (11899 45733 155225 155227) Anodontosaurus lambei (94370 144561 155226) Euoplocephalus sp. (61628 64630 155223) | |
Lancian | USA (Wyoming) | Ankylosaurus magniventris (14514) Ankylosaurus sp. (14541 14544 75289 75430 75435) | |
Lancian | USA (Montana) | Ankylosaurus magniventris (14534) | |
Late/Upper Maastrichtian | Canada (Saskatchewan) | Ankylosaurus magniventris (206819) | |
Late/Upper Maastrichtian | USA (Montana) | Ankylosaurus magniventris (11931 45879) | |
Late/Upper Maastrichtian | Canada (Alberta) | Ankylosaurus magniventris (45876) Ankylosaurus sp. (45877) | |
Late/Upper Maastrichtian | USA (South Dakota) | Ankylosaurus magniventris (224484) | |
Late/Upper Maastrichtian | USA (Wyoming) | Ankylosaurus magniventris (14585) Dynamosaurus imperiosus (45878) |