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Testudininae
Taxonomy
Testudininae was named by Gray (1825) [Under ICZN article 36.1 all family group names are established simultaneously.]. It is extant.
It was reranked as the tribe Testudininae by Perrier (1928).
It was assigned to Testudinoidea by de Broin and de la Fuente (1993); and to Testudinidae by Perrier (1928), Estes and Tihen (1964), Kuhn (1966), Holman (1985), Hervet and de Broin (2000), Pérez-García et al. (2020), de Lapparent de Broin et al. (2020), Vlachos (2021), Perez-Garcia et al. (2021) and Perez-Garcia et al. (2022).
It was reranked as the tribe Testudininae by Perrier (1928).
It was assigned to Testudinoidea by de Broin and de la Fuente (1993); and to Testudinidae by Perrier (1928), Estes and Tihen (1964), Kuhn (1966), Holman (1985), Hervet and de Broin (2000), Pérez-García et al. (2020), de Lapparent de Broin et al. (2020), Vlachos (2021), Perez-Garcia et al. (2021) and Perez-Garcia et al. (2022).
Synonymy list
Year | Name and author |
---|---|
1825 | Testudininae Gray |
1928 | Testudininae Perrier p. 3113 |
1964 | Testudininae Estes and Tihen p. 464 |
1966 | Testudininae Kuhn p. 26 |
1985 | Testudininae Holman p. 429 |
1993 | Testudininae de Broin and de la Fuente p. 10 |
2000 | Testudininae Hervet and de Broin p. 565 |
2020 | Testudininae Pérez-García et al. |
2020 | Testudininae de Lapparent de Broin et al. p. 412 |
2021 | Testudininae Perez-Garcia et al. |
2021 | Testudininae Vlachos |
2022 | Testudininae Perez-Garcia et al. |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Subfm. Testudininae Gray 1825
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G. Agrionemys Khosatzky and Mlynarsky 1966
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Agrionemys horsfieldii Gray 1844 [Central Asia tortoise]
G. Centrochelys Gray 1872 [spurred tortoise]
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†Centrochelys burchardi Ahl 1925
†Centrochelys marocana Gmira et al. 2013
†Centrochelys punica Arambourg 1979
Centrochelys sulcata Miller 1779 [African spurred tortoise]
†Centrochelys vulcanica Lopez-Jurado and Mateo 1993
G. †Cheirogaster Bergounioux 1935
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†Cheirogaster gigas Bravard 1844
†Cheirogaster maurini Bergounioux 1935
Invalid names: Taraschelon Pérez-García 2016 [synonym]
G. †Ergilemys Ckhikvadze 1972
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†Ergilemys bruneti Broin 1977
†Ergilemys insolitus Matthew and Granger 1923
†Ergilemys saikanensis Ckhikvadze 1972
Unr. †Geochelona Vlachos and Rabi 2018
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G. Geochelone Fitzinger 1835
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Subg. Geochelone (Chelonoidis) Fitzinger 1835
Geochelone carbonaria Spix 1824 [red-footed tortoise]
Geochelone chilensis Gray 1870 [Chaco tortoise]
†Geochelone costaricensis Segura 1944
†Geochelone demissa Gilmore 1931
Geochelone elegans Schoepff 1794 [Indian star tortoise]
Geochelone elephantopus Harlan 1827 [Galapagos giant tortoise]
Geochelone gigantea Schweigger 1812 [Aldabra tortoise]
†Geochelone kalganensis Gilmore 1931
†Geochelone laetoliensis Meylan and Auffenberg 1987
Geochelone nigra Quoy and Gaimard 1824 [Galapagos tortoise]
†Geochelone oskarkuhni Mlynarski 1969
Geochelone pardalis Bell 1828 [Leopard tortoise]
Geochelone platynota Blyth 1863 [Burmese star tortoise]
Geochelone radiata Shaw 1802 [Radiated tortoise]
†Geochelone stromeri Meylan and Auffenberg 1986
Geochelone sulcata Miller 1779 [African spurred tortoise]
Geochelone travancorica Boulenger 1907
Geochelone yniphora Vaillant 1885 [angonoka]
Invalid names: Geochelone (Asterochelys) Gray 1873 [invalid subgroup], Geochelone (Geochelone) Fitzinger 1835 [invalid subgroup]
G. †Gigantochersina Chkhikvadze 1989
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G. †Impregnochelys Meylan and Auffenberg 1986
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†Impregnochelys pachytectis Meylan and Auffenberg 1986
G. Indotestudo Lindholm 1929
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Indotestudo elongata Blyth 1853 [Elongate tortoise]
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Invalid names: Geochelone elongata Blyth 1853 [synonym]
Indotestudo forstenii Schlegel and Muller 1844 [Travancore tortoise]
†Indotestudo kaiseni Gilmore 1931
†Indotestudo takasago Matsumoto 1929
Indotestudo travancorica Boulenger 1907
G. Kinixys Bell 1827 [hingeback tortoise]
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Kinixys belliana Gray 1830 [Bells hinge-back tortoise]
Kinixys erosa Schweigger 1812 [forest hingeback tortoise]
Kinixys homeana Bell 1827 [Home's hingeback tortoise]
Kinixys lobatsiana Power 1927 [Lobatse hinge-back tortoise]
Kinixys natalensis Hewitt 1935 [Natal hinge-back tortoise]
Kinixys nogueyi Lataste 1886 [Western hinge-back tortoise]
Kinixys zombensis Hewitt 1931 [Southeastern hinge-back tortoise]
G. †Paleotestudo Lartet 1851
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†Paleotestudo canetotiana Lartet 1851
†Paleotestudo mellingi Peters 1868
Invalid names: Cheirogaster arrahonensis Bergounioux 1958 [nomen dubium], Paralichelys catalaunicus Bergounioux 1951 [nomen dubium]
G. Stigmochelys Gray 1873
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†Stigmochelys brachygularis Meylan and Auffenberg 1987
†Stigmochelys crassa Andrews 1914
Stigmochelys pardalis Bell 1828 [Leopard tortoise]
G. †Stylemys Leidy 1851
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†Stylemys bottii de Stefano 1902
†Stylemys frizaciana Lartet 1851
†Stylemys gisellae Carbot-Chanona et al. 2022
†Stylemys inusitata Hay 1906
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Invalid names: Stylemys copei Koerner 1940 [synonym], Testudo primaeva Oelrich 1950 [synonym]
†Stylemys karakolensis Riabinin 1927
†Stylemys nebrascensis Leidy 1851
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Invalid names: Emys culbertsonii Leidy 1852 [synonym], Emys hemispherica Leidy 1851 [synonym], Emys oweni Leidy 1851 [synonym], Gopherus neglectus Brattstrom 1961 [synonym], Testudo amphithorax Cope 1873 [synonym], Testudo emiliae Hay 1908 [synonym], Testudo lata Leidy 1851 [synonym], Testudo ligonius Cope 1873 [synonym]
†Stylemys pygmea Lartet 1851
Invalid names: Stylemys oregonensis Leidy 1872 [nomen dubium], Testudo niobrarensis Leidy 1858 [nomen dubium]
Tr. Testudinini Batsch 1788
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G. Acinixys Siebenrock 1902
G. Chersine Merrem 1820
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†Chersine khosatzkyi Redkozubov et al. 2020
†Chersine lunellensis Almera and Bofill 1903
Invalid names: Eurotestudo Lapparent de Broin et al. 2006 [objective synonym]
G. Testudo Linnaeus 1758
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Subg. Testudo (Chersine) Merrem 1820
Subg. †Testudo (Stylemys) Leidy 1851
†Testudo amberiacensis Deperet 1894
†Testudo amiatae Pantanelli 1893
Testudo antakyensis Perala 1996
†Testudo antiqua Bronn 1831
†Testudo atlas Falconer and Cautley 1844
†Testudo bosporica Riabinin 1946
†Testudo brevitesta Vlachos and Tsoukala 2016
†Testudo brontops Marsh 1890
Testudo carinata Linnaeus 1758
†Testudo cautleyi Lydekker 1889
†Testudo cernovi Khosatzky 1948
†Testudo changshanensis Wei et al. 1975
†Testudo chienfutungensis Yeh 1963
Testudo costarricensis Segura Paguaga 1944
†Testudo craverii Portis 1879
†Testudo denizoti Bergounioux 1935
†Testudo despotti Szalai 1937
Testudo emys Schlegel and Müller 1840
†Testudo escheri Pictet and Humbert 1856
†Testudo eurysternum Gervais 1848
Testudo floweri Bodenheimer 1935
Testudo geometrica Linnaeus 1758
Testudo graeca Linnaeus 1758 [common tortoise]
†Testudo hellenica Garcia et al. 2020
Testudo hermanni Gmelin 1789 [Hermann's tortoise]
†Testudo hexagonata Cope 1893
†Testudo hipparionum Wiman 1930
†Testudo honanensis Wiman 1930
†Testudo houzei Dollo 1909
†Testudo hypercostata Wiman 1930
Testudo hypselonota Bourret 1941
Testudo ibera Pallas 1814 [Asia Minor spur-thighed tortoise]
Testudo indica Schneider 1783
†Testudo kalksburgensis Toula 1896
†Testudo kenitrensis Gmira 1993
Testudo kleinmanni Lortet 1883 [Egyptian tortoise]
†Testudo lamanonii Gray 1831
†Testudo larteti Pictet 1853
†Testudo lohanica Perez-Garcia et al. 2022
†Testudo lunanensis Yeh 1963
Testudo lutaria Linnaeus 1758
†Testudo margae Hooijer 1948
Testudo marginata Schoepff 1792 [Marginated tortoise]
†Testudo marmorum Gaudry 1862
†Testudo nanus Gilmore 1931
†Testudo neraudii Gray 1831
†Testudo oughlamensis Gmira et al. 2013
†Testudo pecorinii Abbazzi et al. 2008
†Testudo phosphoritarum Rage 1988
†Testudo promarginata Reinach 1900
Testudo pusilla Linnaeus 1758
Testudo scabra Linnaeus 1758
†Testudo shansiensis Wiman 1930
†Testudo sharanensis Yeh 1965
†Testudo shensiensis Wiman 1930
†Testudo shilouensis Hsu et al. 1973
†Testudo sloanei Lydekker 1889
†Testudo sphaerica Wiman 1930
†Testudo steinheimensis Staesche 1931
†Testudo tarakliensis Riabinin 1918
Testudo terrestris Forsskal 1775 [Middle Eastern spur-thighed tortoise]
†Testudo tunhuanensis Yeh 1963
†Testudo ulanensis Gilmore 1931
Testudo weissingeri Bour 1996
†Testudo yunnanensis Yeh 1963
Invalid names: Pseudotestudo Loveridge and Williams 1957 [synonym], Testudo marginata cretensis Bachmayer et al. 1975 [synonym]
Invalid names: Geoemydinei Theobald 1868 [empty]
Diagnosis
Reference | Diagnosis | |
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E. Perrier 1928 | Espèces exclusivement terrestres, à doigts courts, n'ayant que deux articulations, sans traces de palmure. | |
E. Vlachos 2021 | Members of Testudininae are easily distinguished in the fossil record based on several synapomorphies from the shell, including a well-developed epiplastral lip; well-developed anterior and posterior buttresses; coincidence between the costo-peripheral suture and pleuro-marginal sulci; presence of a supracaudal scute; and short pectoral scutes, shorter than half of the medial length of hyoplastra. |