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Crotalidae (pit viper)
Taxonomy
Crotalinae was named by Oppel (1811). It is extant. Its type is Crotalus.
It was reranked as the family Crotalidae by Cope (1871), Cope (1875), Zittel (1890), Hay (1902), Hay (1930), Olson (1940) and Kuhn (1966); it was reranked as the tribe Crotalinae by Perrier (1928).
It was assigned to Solenoglypha by Cope (1871) and Cope (1875); to Serpentes by Hay (1902); to Serpentes by Hay (1930); to Ophidia by Zittel (1890) and Olson (1940); to Colubroidea by Kuhn (1966); and to Viperidae by Oppel (1811), Gadow (1898), Perrier (1928), Kuhn (1946), Parmley and Holman (2007), Parmley and Hunter (2010) and Ikeda et al. (2016).
It was reranked as the family Crotalidae by Cope (1871), Cope (1875), Zittel (1890), Hay (1902), Hay (1930), Olson (1940) and Kuhn (1966); it was reranked as the tribe Crotalinae by Perrier (1928).
It was assigned to Solenoglypha by Cope (1871) and Cope (1875); to Serpentes by Hay (1902); to Serpentes by Hay (1930); to Ophidia by Zittel (1890) and Olson (1940); to Colubroidea by Kuhn (1966); and to Viperidae by Oppel (1811), Gadow (1898), Perrier (1928), Kuhn (1946), Parmley and Holman (2007), Parmley and Hunter (2010) and Ikeda et al. (2016).
Subtaxa
Agkistrodon, Aploaspis, Caudisonia, Crotalus (type genus), Gloydius, Protagras, Protobothrops, Sistrurus, Trimeresurus, Viperinae
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1811 | Crotalinae Oppel |
| 1871 | Crotalidae Cope p. 238 |
| 1875 | Crotalidae Cope p. 23 |
| 1890 | Crotalidae Zittel p. 631 |
| 1898 | Crotalinae Gadow p. 29 |
| 1902 | Crotalidae Hay p. 480 |
| 1928 | Crotalinae Perrier p. 3110 |
| 1930 | Crotalidae Hay p. 270 |
| 1940 | Crotalidae Olson p. 41 |
| 1946 | Crotalinae Kuhn p. 62 |
| 1966 | Crotalidae Kuhn p. 68 |
| 2007 | Crotalinae Parmley and Holman p. 141 |
| 2010 | Crotalinae Parmley and Hunter p. 538 |
| 2016 | Crotalinae Ikeda et al. p. 153 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Fm. Crotalidae Oppel 1811 [pit viper]
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G. Aploaspis Cope 1867
G. Caudisonia Laurenti 1768
G. Crotalus Linnaeus 1758 [rattlesnake]
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Crotalus adamanteus Palisot de Beauvois 1799 [eastern diamondback rattlesnake]
Crotalus atrox Baird and Girard 1853
Crotalus horridus Linnaeus 1758 [timber rattlesnake]
Crotalus lepidus Kennicott 1861 [rock rattlesnake]
†Crotalus potterensis Brattstrom 1953
Crotalus viridis Rafinesque 1818 [prairie rattlesnake]
G. Gloydius Hoge and Hoge 1981
G. †Protagras Cope 1872
G. Protobothrops Hoge and Romano-Hoge 1983
G. Sistrurus Garman 1883 [pigmy rattlesnake]
G. Trimeresurus Lacépède 1804 [pitviper]
Subfm. Viperinae Oppel 1811
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G. Vipera Laurenti 1768
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Subg. Vipera (Daboia) Gray 1842 [oriental viper]
Subg. †Vipera (Macrovipera) Reuss 1927
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†Macrovipera gedulyi Bolkay 1913
†Vipera (Macrovipera) sarmatica Chkhikvadse and Lungu 1987
†Vipera (Macrovipera) ukrainica Zerova 1992
Subg. Vipera (Vipera) Laurenti 1768
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Vipera (Vipera) ammodytes Linnaeus 1758 [sand viper]
Vipera (Vipera) aspis Linnaeus 1758 [asp viper]
†Vipera (Vipera) meotica Zerova 1992
†Vipera antiqua Szyndlar 1987
†Vipera burgenlandica Bachmayer and Szyndlar 1987
†Vipera gedulyi Bolkay 1913
Vipera latastei Boscà 1878
†Vipera maghrebiana Rage 1976
†Vipera maxima Szyndlar 1988
†Vipera natiensis Bailon et al. 2002
†Vipera platyspondyla Szyndlar 1987
Invalid names: Coluber kargii von Meyer 1845 [nomen dubium]
Diagnosis
| Reference | Diagnosis | |
|---|---|---|
| E. Perrier 1928 | De chaque côté, entre la narine et l'œil, une fossette ne communiquant ni avec le nez, ni avec l'œil. Maxillaire fortement excavé à son angle supéro-postérieur. Tête grosse et complètement couverte d'écaillés. |