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Amniota (amniote)
Taxonomy
Amniota was named by Haeckel (1866) ["Subcladus"]. It is extant. It was considered monophyletic by Benton (1985), Gauthier et al. (1988), Gauthier et al. (1989) and Laurin and Reisz (1995) and Ruta et al. (2003).
It was reranked as the class Amniota by Benton (1985); it was reranked as the unranked clade Amniota by Gauthier et al. (1988), Gauthier et al. (1989), Laurin and Reisz (1995) and Ruta et al. (2003).
It was assigned to Amphirrhina by Haeckel (1866); to Tetrapoda by Gardiner (1982); to Tetrapoda by Benton (1985) and Sues and Olsen (1993); and to Cotylosauria by Gauthier et al. (1988), Gauthier et al. (1989), Laurin and Reisz (1995) and Ruta et al. (2003).
It was reranked as the class Amniota by Benton (1985); it was reranked as the unranked clade Amniota by Gauthier et al. (1988), Gauthier et al. (1989), Laurin and Reisz (1995) and Ruta et al. (2003).
It was assigned to Amphirrhina by Haeckel (1866); to Tetrapoda by Gardiner (1982); to Tetrapoda by Benton (1985) and Sues and Olsen (1993); and to Cotylosauria by Gauthier et al. (1988), Gauthier et al. (1989), Laurin and Reisz (1995) and Ruta et al. (2003).
Subtaxa
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
Year | Name and author |
---|---|
1866 | Amniota Haeckel p. CXXXII |
1891 | Plagiaulax dawsoni Woodward |
1971 | Plagiaulax dawsoni Hahn p. 35 |
1982 | Amniota Gardiner p. 228 |
1985 | Amniota Benton p. 153 |
1988 | Amniota Gauthier et al. p. 139 fig. 4.4 |
1989 | Amniota Gauthier et al. p. 340 fig. 4 |
1993 | Amniota Sues and Olsen |
1995 | Amniota Laurin and Reisz p. 172 fig. 2 |
2003 | Amniota Ruta et al. p. 261 figs. 4, 5, 6 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Unr. Amniota Haeckel 1866 [amniote]
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G. †Colognathus Case 1933
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†Colognathus obscurus Case 1928
Invalid names: Xenognathus Case 1928 [replaced]
Subor. †Mesosauria Seeley 1892
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Invalid names: Neusticosauria Seeley 1892 [empty], Proganosauria Baur 1887 [synonym]
Unr. †Recumbirostra Anderson 2007
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Fm. †Brachystelechidae Carroll and Gaskill 1978
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G. †Batropetes Carroll and Gaskill 1971
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†Batropetes appelensis Glienke 2015
†Batropetes fritschia Geinitz and Deichmüller 1882
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Invalid names: Batropetes truncatus Credner 1890 [synonym]
†Batropetes niederkirchensis Glienke 2013
†Batropetes palatinus Glienke 2015
Invalid names: Brachystelechus Carroll and Gaskill 1978 [synonym], Petrobates Credner 1890 [replaced]
Invalid names: Batropetidae Carroll 1988 [synonym]
Fm. †Gymnarthridae Case 1910
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G. †Cardiocephalus Broili 1904
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†Cardiocephalus peabodyi Carroll and Gaskill 1978
Invalid names: Gymnarthrus Case 1910 [synonym]
G. †Euryodus Olson 1939
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†Euryodus bonneri Schultze and Foreman 1981
†Euryodus dalyae Carroll and Gaskill 1978
†Euryodus primus Olson 1939
G. †Goniorhynchus Olson 1970
G. †Leiocephalikon Steen 1934
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†Leiocephalikon problematicum Dawson 1882
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Invalid names: Leiocephalikon eutheton Steen 1934 [synonym]
G. †Sparodus Fritsch 1876
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†Sparodus validus Fritsch 1876
Invalid names: Batrachocephalus Fritsch 1876 [replaced]
Fm. †Molgophidae Cope 1875
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G. †Molgophis Cope 1868
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Invalid names: Cocytinidae Cope 1875 [synonym]
Fm. †Ostodolepidae Romer 1945
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Fm. †Pantylidae Case 1911
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G. †Pantylus Cope 1881
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†Pantylus coicodus Cope 1896
†Pantylus cordatus Cope 1881
†Pantylus tryptychus Cummins 1908
Unr. Sauropsida Huxley 1864
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Fm. †Mesosauridae Baur 1889
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G. †Mesosaurus Gervais 1865
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†Mesosaurus tenuidens Gervais 1865
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Invalid names: Ditrochosaurus capensis Gürich 1889 [synonym], Mesosaurus brasiliensis Mac Gregor 1908 [synonym]
Invalid names: Ditrochosaurus Gürich 1889 [synonym]
Invalid names: Mesosaurus pleurogaster Seeley 1892 [nomen dubium], Noteosaurus Broom 1913 [invalid subgroup], Noteosaurus africanus Broom 1913 [nomen dubium]
Cl. Reptilia Laurenti 1768 [reptile]
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Unr. Amblyglossae Fitzinger 1843
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Subcl. Anapsida Williston 1917 [anapsid]
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G. †Anhomoiichnium Dozy 1935
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G. †Dimetropus Romer and Price 1940
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†Dimetropus berea Tilton 1931
†Dimetropus latus Heyler and Montenat 1980
†Dimetropus leisnerianus Geintiz 1863
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†Ichnium acrodactylum curvata Pabst 1908
Invalid names: Ichnium acrodactylum Pabst 1908 [synonym]
Subcl. Eureptilia Olson 1947 [eureptile]
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Fm. †Captorhinidae Case 1911
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G. †Acrodenta Dutuit 1976
G. †Baeotherates May and Cifelli 1998
G. †Captorhinoides Olson 1951
G. †Captorhinus Cope 1896
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Invalid names: Bayloria Olson 1941 [synonym], Eocaptorhinus Heaton 1979 [synonym], Hypopnous Cope 1896 [synonym], Paracaptorhinus Watson 1954 [synonym]
G. †Helodectes Cope 1880
G. †Labidosaurikos Stovall 1950
G. †Labidosauriscus Modesto et al. 2018
G. †Labidosaurus Cope 1896
Subfm. †Moradisaurinae de Ricqlès and Taquet 1982
G. †Opisthodontosaurus Reisz et al. 2015
G. †Protocaptorhinus Clark and Carroll 1973
G. †Reiszorhinus Sumida et al. 2010
G. †Rhiodenticulatus Berman and Reisz 1986
G. †Romeria Price 1937
G. †Saurorictus Modesto and Smith 2001
Invalid names: Captorhininae Case 1911 [empty], Pariotichidae Cope 1883 [synonym], Riabininus Ivakhnenko 1990 [nomen dubium], Riabininus uralensis Riabinin 1915 [nomen dubium]
Fm. †Protorothyrididae Price 1937
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G. †Paleothyris Carroll 1969
Invalid names: Romeriidae Price 1937 [invalid subgroup]
Invalid names: Captorhina Olson 1947 [empty], Parapsida Williston 1917 [empty]
G. Glauconia Gray 1845
G. †Ischyrotherium Leidy 1856
G. †Kintneria Ryan and Willard 1947
Subcl. Monozygocrotapha Nopcsa 1928
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Invalid names: Dranitesauria Nopcsa 1928 [empty], Pelycosauria Cope 1878 [empty]
G. †Oolithes Buckman 1859
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†Oolithes bathonicae Buckman 1859
†Oolithes nanhsiungensis Young 1965
†Oolithes obtusatus Carruthers 1871
†Oolithes sphaericus Carruthers 1871
Unr. Pantestudines Joyce et al. 2004
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Subcl. †Parareptilia Lawrence 1868 [parareptile]
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Fm. †Millerettidae Romer 1956
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G. †Broomia Watson 1914
G. †Milleretta Broom 1948
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Invalid names: Millerettoides Broom 1948 [synonym], Millerettops Broom 1948 [synonym], Millerina Broom 1938 [replaced]
G. †Millerinoides Broom 1940
G. †Milleropsis Gow 1972
G. †Millerosaurus Broom 1948
Invalid names: Nanomilleretta Broom and Robinson 1948 [nomen dubium], Nanomilleretta kitchingi Broom and Robinson 1948 [nomen dubium]
Fm. †Nyctiphruretidae Efremov 1938
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G. †Abyssomedon MacDougall and Reisz 2014
Subfm. †Nyctiphruretinae Efremov 1938
G. †Nyctiphruretus Efremov 1938
Superfm. †Procolophonoidea Romer 1956
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Fm. †Owenettidae Broom 1939
G. †Pintosaurus Pineiro et al. 2004
Fm. †Procolophonidae Lydekker 1889
Invalid names: Tichvinskia jugensis Vjushkov and Chudinov 1956 [nomen dubium]
Unr. †Procolophonomorpha Romer 1964
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Unr. †Ankyramorpha deBraga and Reisz 1996
G. †Australothyris Modesto et al. 2009
Unr. †Nyctiphruretia Lee 1995
Fm. †Sclerosauridae Nopsca 1923
Invalid names: Procolophonida [empty]
G. †Polemarchus Hitchcock 1845
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†Polemarchus polemarchius Hitchcock 1837
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Invalid names: Polemarchus gigas Hitchcock 1845 [synonym]
Invalid names: Eupalamopus Hay 1902 [synonym], Palamopus Hitchcock 1848 [synonym]
Fm. †Rhynchosauroidae Haubold 1966
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G. †Dromopus Marsh 1894
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†Dromopus agilis Marsh 1894
†Dromopus lacertoides Geinitz 1861
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Invalid names: Eumekichnium gampsodactylum Pabst 1900 [synonym]
†Dromopus velox Matthew 1904
†Dromopus woodworthi Lull 1920
Invalid names: Eumekichnium Nopcsa 1923 [synonym]
G. †Palmichnus Schmidt 1959
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†Palmichnus lacertoides Ptaszyński and Niedźwiedzki 2004
†Palmichnus renisus Schmidt 1959
†Palmichnus tambachensis Haubold 1971
G. †Paradoxichnium Müller 1959
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†Paradoxichnium problematicum Müller 1959
†Paradoxichnium tumlinense Ptaszyński and Niedźwiedzki 2004
G. †Phalangichnus Schmidt 1959
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†Phalangichnus alternans Schmidt 1959
†Phalangichnus gagoli Ptaszyński and Niedźwiedzki 2004
†Phalangichnus gradzinskii Ptaszyński and Niedźwiedzki 2004
†Phalangichnus simulans Schmidt 1959
G. †Sillimanius Hitchcock 1845
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†Sillimanius gracilior Hitchcock 1841
†Sillimanius tetradactylus Hitchcock 1836
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Invalid names: Ornithopus gallinaceus Hitchcock 1845 [synonym]
Invalid names: Ornithopus Hitchcock 1845 [synonym]
G. †Steropoides Hitchcock 1845
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†Steropoides divaricatus Hitchcock 1837
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Invalid names: Ornithopus loripes Hitchcock 1848 [synonym], Tridentipes insignis Hitchcock 1858 [synonym]
†Steropoides ingens Hitchcock 1836
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Invalid names: Ornithoidichnites danae Hitchcock 1844 [synonym], Sillimanius adamsanus Hitchcock 1845 [synonym]
†Steropoides uncus Hitchcock 1858
Invalid names: Steropezoum Hitchcock 1848 [synonym], Tridentipes Hitchcock 1858 [synonym]
Unr. Testudinata Oppel 1811 [turtle]
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G. †Ancyropus Hitchcock 1845
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†Ancyropus heteroclitus Hitchcock 1841
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Invalid names: Sauroidichnites jacksoni Hitchcock 1841 [synonym]
G. †Chengyuchelys Young and Chow 1953
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†Chengyuchelys baenoides Young and Chow 1953
†Chengyuchelys latimarginalis Young and Chow 1953
†Chengyuchelys zigongensis Yeh 1982
G. †Chinlechelys Joyce et al. 2009
G. †Emydhipus Fuentes Vidarte et al. 2003
G. †Helcura Hitchcock 1848
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†Helcura anguinea Hitchcock 1858
†Helcura caudata Hitchcock 1858
†Helcura littoralis Hitchcock 1848
†Helcura surgens Hitchcock 1858
Unr. †Helochelydridae Nopcsa 1928
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G. †Aragochersis Perez-Garcia et al. 2019
G. †Helochelydra Nopcsa 1928
G. †Helochelys von Meyer 1854
G. †Naomichelys Hay 1908
G. †Plastremys Owen 1881
Subfm. †Solemydinae Tong et al. 2023
G. †Trachydermochelys Seeley 1869
G. †Tretosternon Owen 1842
Invalid names: Solemydidae Lapparent de Broin and Murelaga 1996 [objective synonym]
G. †Kallokibotion Nopcsa 1923
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†Kallokibotion bajazidi Nopcsa 1923
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Invalid names: Kallokibotion magnificum Nopcsa 1923 [synonym], Thalassodromeus sebesensis Grellet-Tinner and Codrea 2015 [synonym]
Unr. †Mesochelydia Joyce 2017
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G. †Condorchelys Sterli 2008
G. †Eileanchelys Anquetin et al. 2009
G. †Heckerochelys Sukhanov 2006
G. †Indochelys Datta et al. 2000
G. †Kayentachelys Gaffney et al. 1987
Unr. †Paracryptodira Gaffney 1975
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G. †Arundelemys Lipka et al. 2006
Fm. †Baenidae Cope 1882
Superfm. †Baenoidea
Fm. †Compsemydidae Pérez-García et al. 2015
G. †Compsemys Leidy 1856
Fm. †Pleurosternidae Cope 1868
Invalid names: Desmemys bertelmanni Wegner 1911 [nomen dubium], Glyptops caelatus Hay 1908 [nomen dubium], Glyptops pervicax Hay 1908 [nomen dubium], Polythorax Cope 1876 [nomen dubium], Polythorax missuriensis Cope 1876 [nomen dubium], Probaena sculpta Hay 1903 [nomen dubium]
Unr. †Perichelydia Joyce 2017
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Unr. †Meiolaniformes Sterli and de la Fuente 2013
Unr. †Sichuanchelyidae Tong et al. 2012
G. †Spoochelys Smith and Kear 2013
G. †Platycheloides Haughton 1928
G. †Proganochelys Baur 1887
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†Proganochelys quenstedtii Baur 1887
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Invalid names: Psammochelys keuperina Quenstedt 1889 [objective synonym], Stegochelys dux Jaekel 1914 [synonym]
†Proganochelys ruchae de Broin 1984
†Proganochelys tenertesta Joyce et al. 2009
Invalid names: Psammochelys Quenstedt 1889 [synonym]
Fm. †Proterochersidae Nopcsa 1928
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G. †Keuperotesta Szczygielski and Sulej 2016
G. †Proterochersis Fraas 1913
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Invalid names: Chelytherium Meyer 1863 [synonym], Murrhardtia Karl and Tichy 2000 [synonym]
Or. Testudines Batsch 1788 [turtle]
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Subor. †Amphichelydia Lydekker 1889
G. †Asturichelys Bergounioux 1957
G. †Chelonipus von Lilienstern 1939
Subor. Cryptodira Cope 1868
G. †Entoplastrites Huene 1956
Fm. †Haichemydidae Sukhanov and Narmandakh 2006
G. †Larachelus Pérez-García and Murelaga 2012
G. †Odontochelys Li et al. 2008
Unr. Pancryptodira Joyce et al. 2004
Unr. †Panpleurodira Danilov and Parham 2008
Subor. Pleurodira Cope 1865 [sideneck turtle]
Subor. †Proganochelydia
G. †Tacuarembemys Perea et al. 2014
Invalid names: Apertotemporalis Stromer 1934 [nomen dubium], Apholidemys Pomel 1847 [nomen dubium], Casichelydia Gaffney 1975 [empty], Chelone obovata Owen 1842 [nomen dubium], Chelone sopita Leidy 1865 [nomen vanum], Chelonia Latreille 1800 [synonym], Chelonii Latreille 1800 [synonym], Cryptrodiramorpha Lee 1995 [empty], Euclastochelys Bergounioux 1955 [nomen dubium], Euclastochelys interrupta Bergounioux 1955 [nomen dubium], Meiolania damelipi White et al. 2010 [nomen dubium], Platychelone Dollo 1909 [nomen nudum], Platychelone emarginata Dollo 1909 [nomen nudum], Plesiochelydiae [empty], Podocnemis lata Ristori 1895 [invalid subgroup], Senonemys suemegensis Bohn 1966 [nomen dubium], Sokotochelys Halstead 1979 [nomen dubium], Temnoclemmys cordiformis Bergounioux 1958 [nomen vanum], Trionyx fuchienensis Yeh 1974 [nomen dubium], Trionyx tshelkarensis Chkhikvadze 1973 [nomen nudum]
G. †Testudinites Weiss 1830
Fm. Testudoolithidae Hirsch 1996
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G. †Testudoolithus Hirsch 1996
G. †Tiantaioolithus Fang et al. 2003
Unr. †Thalassochelydia Anquetin et al. 2017
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G. †Achelonia von Meyer 1860
Fm. †Eurysternidae Dollo 1886
G. †Eurysternum Meyer 1839
G. †Jurassichelon Pérez-García 2015
G. †Neusticemys Fernandez and de la Fuente 1993
Fm. †Plesiochelyidae Rütimeyer 1873
G. †Solnhofia Gaffney 1975
G. †Thalassemys Rütimeyer 1859
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Invalid names: Parathalassemys Nessov and Krassevskaya 1984 [synonym]
G. †Tropidemys Rütimeyer 1873
Invalid names: Acichelys approximata Wagner 1856 [nomen dubium], Euryaspis radians Wagner 1861 [nomen dubium], Plesiochelys oblonga Oertel 1924 [nomen dubium], Plesiochelys pumilio Oertel 1924 [nomen dubium], Thalassemys heusseri Oertel 1924 [nomen dubium], Tropidemys morinica Sauvage 1880 [nomen dubium]
Subor. Thecophora Dollo
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Invalid names: Chelonioidae Hay 1930 [empty], Chelydoidae Hay 1930 [empty], Emydoidae Hay 1930 [empty], Pleurosternoidae Hay 1930 [empty], Thalassemydoidae Hay 1930 [empty], Trionychoidae Hay 1930 [empty]
Invalid names: Aplax oberndorferi Meyer 1843 [nomen dubium], Athecae Cope 1871 [empty], Chelonipedidae Sarjeant and Langston 1994 [empty], Chelycarapookus Warren 1969 [nomen dubium], Chelycarapookus arcuatus Warren 1969 [nomen dubium], Chelys blakii Mackie 1863 [nomen dubium], Chengyuchelyidae Yeh 1990 [empty], Emys neumayri Seeley 1881 [nomen dubium], Emys paranensis Burmeister 1885 [nomen nudum], Heckerochelyidae Sukhanov 2006 [empty], Megasternon Gray 1842 [nomen nudum], Mongolochelyidae Sukhanov and Pozdnjakov [empty], Odontochelyidae Li et al. 2008 [empty], Platemys sehuensis Ameghino 1889 [nomen dubium], Protochelys Lydekker 1889 [nomen dubium], Testudo elata Gervais 1877 [nomen dubium], Testudo stricklandi Phillips 1871 [nomen dubium], Tretosternon punctatum Owen 1842 [nomen dubium], Trionyx mammillaris Cope 1877 [nomen nudum]
Subcl. †Theromorpha Cope 1878
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Subor. †Dromasauria Broom 1907
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Invalid names: Galechiridae King 1988 [empty], Macroscelesauridae Haughton 1924 [empty]
Invalid names: Poliosauria Williston 1917 [empty], Protodonta Osborn 1888 [empty]
Invalid names: Atremata Hay 1930 [empty], Chelydosauria Cope 1898 [empty], Dipnoa Fitzinger 1826 [empty], Dravidosaurus Yadagiri and Ayyasami 1979 [nomen dubium], Dravidosaurus blanfordi Yadagiri and Ayyasami 1979 [nomen dubium], Enaliosauria Parkinson 1822 [empty], Holosauria Jaekel 1911 [empty], Hyperosauria Jaekel 1910 [empty], Ichthyosaurus inexpectatus Rusconi 1948 [nomen dubium], Lyognatha Jaekel 1910 [empty], Macelognatha Marsh 1884 [empty], Monotreta Hay 1930 [empty], Ornithocephala Bunzel 1870 [empty], Pessopteryx arctica Wiman 1910 [nomen dubium], Pessopteryx pinguis Wiman 1910 [nomen dubium], Placodontomorpha [empty], Plesiosaurus doedicomus Owen 1840 [nomen dubium], Proganosauromorpha Kuhn 1968 [empty], Proreptilia Haeckel 1876 [empty], Prosauria Gadow 1898 [empty], Protorosauria Jaekel 1910 [empty], Puercosaurus Williston 1916 [invalid subgroup], Puercosaurus obtusidens Williston 1916 [nomen dubium], Rhamphosauria Haeckel 1866 [empty], Saurichthys indicus de Koninck 1863 [nomen dubium], Saurophidia Gray [empty], Seps Laurenti 1768 [nomen oblitum], Svalbardosaurus Mazin 1981 [nomen dubium], Svalbardosaurus crassidens Mazin 1981 [nomen dubium]
Subcl. Synapsida Osborn 1903 [synapsid]
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G. †Asaphestera Steen 1934
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†Asaphestera platyris Steen 1934
Invalid names: Asaphestera intermedia Dawson 1894 [nomen dubium]
Unr. †Caseasauria Williston 1912
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Fm. †Caseidae Williston 1911
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G. †Angelosaurus Olson and Beerbower 1953
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†Angelosaurus dolani Olson and Beerbower 1953
†Angelosaurus greeni Olson 1962
†Angelosaurus romeri Olson and Barghusen 1962
G. †Casea Williston 1910
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†Casea broilii Williston 1910
†Casea halselli Olson 1954
†Casea membranacea Newberry 1853
†Casea nicholsi Olson 1954
G. †Chelichnus Jardine 1850
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†Chelichnus ambiguum Jardine 1853
†Chelichnus bucklandi Jardine 1850
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Invalid names: Herpetichnus sauroplesius Jardine 1850 [synonym]
†Chelichnus duncani Owen 1842
†Chelichnus gigas Jardine 1850
†Chelichnus hicklingi Nopsca 1923
†Chelichnus ingens Binney 1856
†Chelichnus megacheirus Huxley 1859
†Chelichnus obliquus Harkness 1851
†Chelichnus plancus Harkness 1851
†Chelichnus pricei Delair 1966
†Chelichnus titan Jardine 1853
†Chelichnus tripodizon Schmidt 1959
†Chelichnus wymanianus Lea 1856
Invalid names: Herpetichnus Jardine 1850 [synonym]
G. †Cotylorhynchus Stovall 1937
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†Cotylorhynchus bransoni Olson and Barghusen 1962
†Cotylorhynchus hancocki Olson and Beerbower 1953
†Cotylorhynchus romeri Stovall 1937
G. †Trichasaurus Williston 1913
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†Trichasaurus texensis Williston 1910
Invalid names: Trispondylus Williston 1910 [replaced]
Fm. †Eothyrididae Romer and Price 1940
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G. †Baldwinonus Romer and Price 1940
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†Baldwinonus dunkardensis Romer 1952
†Baldwinonus trux Romer and Price 1940
Fm. †Chelichnopodidae Lockley 2011
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Subor. †Eupelycosauria Kemp 1982
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Fm. †Edaphosauridae Cope 1882
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G. †Edaphosaurus Cope 1882
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†Edaphosaurus boanerges Romer and Price 1940
†Edaphosaurus claviger Cope 1886
†Edaphosaurus colohistion Berman 1979
†Edaphosaurus credneri Jaekel 1910
†Edaphosaurus cruciger Cope 1878
†Edaphosaurus microdus Cope 1884
†Edaphosaurus novomexicanus Williston and Case 1913
†Edaphosaurus pogonias Cope 1882
Invalid names: Naosaurus Cope 1886 [synonym]
Invalid names: Naosauridae Case 1907 [synonym], Naosaurus raymondi Case 1908 [nomen vanum]
Unr. †Haptodontiformes Spindler 2015
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G. †Eohaptodus Spindler 2015
G. †Haptodus Gaudry 1886
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†Haptodus baylei Gaudry 1886
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Invalid names: Palaeohatteria longicaudata Credner 1888 [synonym], Pantelosaurus saxonicus v. Huene 1925 [synonym]
†Haptodus garnettensis Currie 1977
Fm. †Ophiacodontidae Nopsca 1923 [ophiacodont]
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G. †Clepsydrops Cope 1875
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†Clepsydrops collettii Cope 1875
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Invalid names: Archaeobelus vellicatus Cope 1877 [synonym], Clepsydrops pedunculatus Cope 1877 [synonym]
†Clepsydrops magnus Romer 1961
†Clepsydrops vinslovii Cope 1877
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Invalid names: Captorhinus illinoisensis Williston 1911 [synonym]
Invalid names: Archaeobelus Cope 1877 [synonym]
G. †Diopeus Cope 1892
G. †Ophiacodon Marsh 1878
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†Ophiacodon hilli Romer 1925
†Ophiacodon major Romer and Price 1940
†Ophiacodon mirus Marsh 1878
†Ophiacodon navajovicus Case 1907
†Ophiacodon retroversus Cope 1878
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Invalid names: Clepsydrops leptocephalus Cope 1884 [synonym], Theropleura triangulata Cope 1878 [synonym], Therosaurus watsoni von Huene 1925 [synonym]
†Ophiacodon uniformis Cope 1878
Invalid names: Poliosaurus Case 1907 [synonym], Theropleura Cope 1878 [synonym], Winfieldia Romer 1925 [synonym]
G. †Varanosaurus Broili 1904
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†Varanosaurus acutirostris Broili 1904
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Invalid names: Poecilospondylus francisi Case 1910 [synonym]
†Varanosaurus wichitaensis Romer 1937
Invalid names: Poecilospondylus Case 1910 [synonym]
Invalid names: Clepsydropidae Cope 1878 [synonym], Poliosauridae Case 1907 [synonym]
Unr. †Sphenacomorpha Ivakhnenko 2003
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Subor. †Sphenacodontia Romer and Price 1940
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G. †Cutleria Lewis and Vaughn 1965
Fm. †Homodontosauridae Kuhn 1961
G. †Ianthodon Kissel and Reisz 2004
G. †Palaeohatteria Credner 1888
G. †Pantelosaurus v. Huene 1925
G. †Shashajaia Huttenlocker et al. 2021
Unr. †Sphenacodontoidea
Fm. †Tappenosauridae Olson and Beerbower 1953
Invalid names: Anningiidae Broom 1927 [empty], Haptodontinae Romer and Price 1940 [empty]
Unr. Therapsida Broom 1905 [therapsid]
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Unr. †Anomodontia Owen 1859
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Unr. †Anomocephaloidea Cisneros et al. 2011
G. †Anomocephalus Modesto et al. 1999
G. †Aulacocephalodon Seeley 1898
G. †Bainia Broom 1921
G. †Biseridens Li and Cheng 1997
Unr. †Chainosauria Nopcsa 1923
Fm. †Cryptodontidae Owen 1859
G. †Diaelurodon Broom 1911
Or. †Dicynodontia Owen 1859 [dicynodont]
G. †Emydochampsa Broom 1912
G. †Neomegacyclops Boonstra 1953
G. †Prodicynodon Broom 1904
Subor. †Ulemicia Ivakhnenko 2003
Infraor. †Venyukovioidea Watson and Romer 1956
Invalid names: Biseridensidae Li and Cheng 1997 [invalid subgroup], Dicynodontia Owen 1859 [empty], Dicynodontiformes Hay 1930 [empty], Otsheriidae Tcshudinov 1960 [empty], Therosuchia Seeley 1895 [empty], Venyukovioidea Watson and Romer 1956 [empty]
Infraor. †Biarmosuchia Sigogneau-Russell 1989
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G. †Biarmosuchus Chudinov 1960
+
Invalid names: Biarmosaurus Chudinov 1960 [synonym], Eotitanosuchus Tchudinov 1960 [synonym], Ivantosaurus Chudinov 1983 [synonym]
Unr. †Burnetiamorpha Broom 1923
G. †Herpetoskylax Sidor and Rubidge 2006
G. †Hipposaurus Haughton 1929
G. †Ictidorhinus Broom 1913
G. †Wantulignathus Whitney and Sidor 2016
Invalid names: Biarmosuchidae Olson 1962 [empty], Hipposauridae Watson and Romer 1956 [empty], Rubidgina Broom 1942 [nomen dubium], Rubidgina angusticeps Broom 1942 [nomen dubium]
G. †Brontopus Heyler and Lessertisseur 1963
+
†Brontopus antecursor Ellenberger 1983
+
Invalid names: Eocynodontipus sibleyrasi Ellenberger 1983 [synonym], Planipes brachydactylus Gand et al. 2000 [synonym], Planipes caudatus Demathieu and Gand 1995 [synonym], Pseudopithecopus recurvidigitus Ellenberger 1983 [synonym]
†Brontopus giganteus Heyler and Lessertisseur 1963
+
Invalid names: Brontopus circagiganteus Gand et al. 2000 [synonym], Moschopus enormis Ellenberger 1983 [synonym]
Invalid names: Eocynodontipus Ellenberger 1983 [synonym], Moschopus Ellenberger 1983 [synonym], Pseudopithecopus Ellenberger 1983 [synonym]
Infraor. Cynodontia Owen 1861 [cynodont]
+
G. †Aelurosuchus Broom 1906
Fm. †Charassognathidae Kammerer 2016
Fm. †Chronoperatidae Fox et al. 1992
G. †Cromptodon Bonaparte 1972
G. †Dromatherium Emmons 1857
Fm. †Dviniidae Tatarinov 1968
Unr. Epicynodontia Hopson and Kitching 2001
G. †Gaumia Hahn et al. 1987
G. †Hahnia Godefroit and Battail 1997
G. †Hwanghocynodon Young 1979
G. †Kunminia Young 1947
Fm. †Madysauridae Tatarinov 2005
Unr. Mammaliamorpha Rowe 1988 [mammaliamorph]
G. Mitredon Shapiro and Jenkins 2001
G. †Nythosaurus Owen 1859
Fm. †Therioherpetidae Battail 1991
+
Invalid names: Therioherpetodontidae Bonaparte and Barberena 1975 [synonym]
Fm. †Thrinaxodontidae Watson and Romer 1956
Invalid names: Cynognathidae [empty], Cynognathoidea Brink 1963 [empty], Gomphodontidae [empty], Masitisitherium Ellenberger 1970 [nomen nudum], Riograndidae Bonaparte et al. 2001 [empty]
G. †Dicynodontipus Rühle von Lilienstern 1944
+
†Dicynodontipus bellambiensis Retallack 1996
†Dicynodontipus geinitzi Hornstein 1876
†Dicynodontipus hildburghausensis Rühle von Lilienstern 1944
†Dicynodontipus penugnu da Silva et al. 2012
Invalid names: Calibarichnus Casamiquela 1964 [synonym], Gallegosichnus Casamiquela 1964 [synonym], Palaciosichnus Casamiquela 1964 [synonym], Rogerbaletichnus Casamiquela 1964 [synonym], Stipanicichnus Casamiquela 1975 [synonym]
Subor. †Eotheriodontia Olson 1962
+
Infraor. †Phthinosuchia Romer 1961
Invalid names: Eotitanosuchia Boonstra 1963 [empty]
Subor. †Gorgonopsia Seeley 1894
+
G. †Cerdodon Broom 1915
G. †Cyniscops Broom 1937
G. †Dixeya Haughton 1926
G. †Eriphostoma Broom 1911
+
Invalid names: Eoarctops Haughton 1929 [synonym], Galesuchus Haughton 1915 [synonym], Scylacognathus Broom 1913 [synonym]
Infraor. †Estemmenosuchida Ivakhnenko 2003
Infraor. †Gorgonopida Ivakhnenko 2003
Fm. †Gorgonopidae Lydekker 1890
Infraor. †Ictidorhinida Ivakhnenko 2003
G. †Karoopes Marchetti et al. 2019
Infraor. †Nikkasaurida Ivakhnenko 2008
G. †Nochnitsa Kammerer and Masyutin 2018
G. †Phorcys Kammerer and Rubidge 2022
G. †Viatkogorgon Tatarinov 1999
Invalid names: Broomisaurus planiceps Broom 1913 [nomen dubium], Cynarioides gracilis Broom 1930 [nomen dubium], Cyniscodon Broom 1905 [nomen dubium], Cyniscodon lydekkeri Broom 1905 [nomen dubium], Cynodraco Owen 1876 [nomen dubium], Cynodraco major Owen 1876 [nomen dubium], Cynodraco serridens Owen [nomen dubium], Galesuchidae Watson and Romer 1956 [empty], Hipposaurus kitchingi Broom 1948 [nomen dubium], Scylacognathus major Broom 1935 [nomen dubium], Watongiidae Sigogneau-Russell 1989 [empty]
G. †Stathmodon Hennig 1922
Or. †Therocephalia Broom 1903
+
Fm. †Alopecodontidae Broom 1932
G. †Alopecorhinus Broom 1912
Subor. †Bauriida Broom 1911
Fm. †Crapartinellidae Mendrez 1975
Unr. †Eutherocephalia Hopson and Barghusen 1986
G. †Gorynychus Kammerer and Masyutin 2018
G. †Ictidognathus Broom 1911
Subor. †Lycosuchida Ivakhnenko 2011
G. †Mirotenthes Attridge 1956
Fm. †Pristerognathidae Broom 1908
Subor. †Pristerosaurida Tatarinov 2008
G. †Scylacoides Broom 1915
Subor. †Scylacosaurida Ivakhnenko 2011
G. †Tigrisuchus Owen 1876
G. †Trochosuchus Broom 1908
G. †Yikezhaogia Li 1984
Invalid names: Alopecopsidae Haughton 1924 [empty], Arnognathus Broom 1907 [invalid subgroup], Arnognathus parvidens Broom 1907 [invalid subgroup], Euchambersiidae Boonstra 1934 [empty], Pristerosauria Hopson and Barghausen 1986 [empty], Regisauridae Hopson and Barghausen 1986 [empty], Simorhinellidae Mendrez 1975 [empty]
G. †Tricuspes von Huene 1933
+
†Tricuspes sigogneauae Hahn 1994
†Tricuspes tapeinodon Godefroit and Battail 1997
†Tricuspes tuebingensis Huene 1933
Subor. †Tritylodontia Olson 1966
+
G. †Triglyphus Fraas 1866
Invalid names: Mucrotherium Huene 1933 [nomen dubium], Uniserium Huene 1933 [nomen dubium]
Invalid names: Novocynodon kutorgai Ivakhnenko 2012 [nomen dubium], Rubidginia Huene 1954 [empty]
Fm. †Varanopidae Romer and Price 1940
+
Unr. †Neovaranopsia Spindler et al. 2018
+
Subfm. †Mesenosaurinae Spindler et al. 2018
Subfm. †Varanodontinae Modesto et al. 2001
Invalid names: Elliotsmithidae Broom 1937 [synonym], Mycterosaurinae Modesto et al. 2001 [empty], Thrausmosaurus Fox 1962 [invalid subgroup], Thrausmosaurus serratidens Fox 1962 [nomen dubium]
Or. †Pelycosauria Cope 1878 [pelycosaur]
+
Subor. †Edaphosauria Cope 1882
+
Invalid names: Glaucosauridae Huene 1925 [empty], Lupeosauridae Romer and Price 1940 [empty], Nitosauridae Romer and Price 1940 [empty]
Subor. †Ophiacodontia Romer and Price 1940
+
Invalid names: Tetraceratopsidae Kuhn 1964 [empty], Varanopoidea Romer and Price 1940 [empty]
Invalid names: Caseamorpha Kemp 1982 [empty]
Invalid names: Ophiacomorpha Ivakhnenko 2008 [empty], Protherosauria Osborn 1902 [replaced]
Invalid names: Dicondylia Haeckel 1866 [empty], Euamniota Gardiner 1982 [empty], Monocondylia Haeckel 1866 [empty], Plagiaulax dawsoni Woodward 1891 [nomen dubium]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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Source: s = species, g = genus, c = class, subp = subphylum, uc = unranked clade | |||||
References: Carroll 1988, Johnson and Madden 1997, Hendy et al. 2009, Vizcaíno et al. 2010, Legendre 1988, Peczkis 1995, Uhen and Gingerich 1995 |
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Westphalian A to the top of the Holocene or 318.10000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 315.2 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 315.2 Ma
Collections (42032 total)
Oldest occurrences | |||
Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
---|---|---|---|
Bashkirian | United Kingdom (England) | Lysorophus sp. (177139) | |
Pennsylvanian | USA (Massachusetts) | Dromopus woodworthi (34780) | |
Westphalian A | United Kingdom (England) | Lysorophus sp. (175174) | |
Westphalian A | Canada (Nova Scotia) | Hylerpeton dawsoni, Leiocephalikon eutheton, Amblyodon problematicum, Protoclepsydrops haplous, Hylonomus latidens, Hylonomus wymani, Hylerpeton curtidentatum, Hylonomus lyelli (28069) Leiocephalikon problematicum, Trachystegos megalodon, Asaphestera intermedia, Hylonomus lyelli (86946) | |
Westphalian A - Westphalian B | USA (Arizona) | Elfridia bulbidens (92271) | |
Moscovian | Canada (Nova Scotia) | Dendromaia unamakiensis (207132) | |
Moscovian | USA (Illinois) | Diabloroter bolti (201784) | |
Westphalian C - Westphalian D | Canada (Nova Scotia) | Clepsydrops sp., Archaeothyris florensis, Echinerpeton intermedium, Paleothyris acadiana (80111) | |
Westphalian D | Czech Republic (Pilsen) | Sparodus validus, Archaeothyris sp., Hylonomus acuminatus, Brouffia orientalis, Coelostegus prothales, Amniota indet. (84835) | |
Westphalian D | USA (Illinois) | Infernovenator steenae, Brachydectes newberryi, Joermungandr bolti, Cephalerpeton ventriarmatum (79598) | |
Westphalian D | USA (Ohio) | Molgophis macrurus (178682 178696 178697 178698) Molgophis macrurus, Molgophis wheatleyi, Cocytinus gyrinoides, Pleuroptyx clavatus, Brachydectes newberryi, Archaeothyris sp., Pelycosauria indet., Sauropleura longipes, Carbonodraco lundi (85292) | |
Kasimovian | USA (Illinois) | Sphenacodontidae indet. (224241) | |
Kasimovian - Kungurian | USA (Utah) | Edaphosaurus sp., Shashajaia bermani, Sphenacodon sp., Ophiacodon navajovicus (218159) | |
Stephanian | France (Bourgogne) | Stereorhachis dominans (80716) | |
Stephanian | USA (West Virginia) | Lysorophus dunkardensis (178677) | |
Stephanian | USA (Pennsylvania) | Megamolgophis agostinii, Lysorophus dunkardensis (126535) | |
Stephanian | USA (Ohio) | Molgophis macrurus (177046) | |
Stephanian - Virgilian | USA (Illinois) | Lysorophus sp., Milosaurus mccordi (81114) | |
Missourian | USA (Pennsylvania) | Edaphosaurus raymondi (80775 180937) | |
Missourian | USA (Kansas) | Haptodus garnettensis, Tenuacaptor reiszi, Kenomagnathus scotti, Ianthasaurus hardestii, Ianthodon schultzei, Edaphosaurus ecordi, Xyrospondylus ecordi, Podargosaurus hibbardi, Petrolacosaurus kansensis, Amniota indet. (80784) |