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Phocoidea

Mammalia - Carnivora

Synonyms
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1821Amphibiae Gray p. 302
1908Phocoidea Smirnov
1963Phocoidea Scheffer and Rice p. 3
1970Phocoidea Burns and Fay p. 379
1990Phocoidea Riedman p. 57 figs. Table 2
1992Phocoidea Ling and Bryden p. 1
1994Phocoidea Berta p. 412
1997Phocoidea McKenna and Bell p. 252
1998Phocoidea Rice
2001Phocoidea Koretsky p. 85
2002Phocoidea Berta p. 923
2003Phocoidea Deméré et al. p. 49 figs. Fig. 3.3
2009Phocoidea Berta p. 863
2010Phocoidea Fulton and Strobeck p. 817 figs. Figure 1
2012Phocoidea Koretsky et al. p. 5
2014Phocoidea Koretsky et al. p. 421
2015Phocoidea Koretsky et al. p. 58
2021Phocoidea Hafed et al. p. 707

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
Bilateria
EubilateriaAx 1987
Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
Tetrapoda
Reptiliomorpha
Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
Cotylosauria()
Amniota
subclassSynapsida
Therapsida()
infraorderCynodontia()
Mammaliamorpha
Mammaliaformes
classMammalia
Theriamorpha(Rowe 1993)
RankNameAuthor
Theriiformes()
Trechnotheria
Cladotheria
Zatheria
subclassTribosphenida()
subclassTheria
Eutheria()
Placentalia
Boreoeutheria
Laurasiatheria
Scrotifera
Ferae()
CarnivoramorphaWyss and Flynn 1993
CarnivoraformesFlynn et al.
orderCarnivora
suborderCaniformiaKretzoi 1943
infraorderCanoidea(Simpson 1931)
superfamilyArctoideaFlower 1869
PanpinnipediaWolsan et al. 2020
Pinnipedimorpha
Pinnipedia()
superfamilyPhocoideaSmirnov 1908
superfamilyPhocoideaSmirnov 1908

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Superfm. Phocoidea Smirnov 1908
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Fm. Phocidae Gray 1821 [seal]
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Subfm. †Devinophocinae Koretsky and Holec 2002
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G. †Devinophoca Koretsky and Holec 2002
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Devinophoca claytoni Koretsky and Holec 2002
Devinophoca emryi Koretsky and Rahmat 2015
G. †Messiphoca Muizon 1981
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Messiphoca mauretanica Muizon 1981
Subfm. Monachinae Trouessart 1897
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G. †Acrophoca Muizon 1981
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Acrophoca longirostris Muizon 1981
G. †Afrophoca Koretsky and Domning 2014
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Afrophoca libyca Koretsky and Domning 2014
G. †Auroraphoca Dewaele et al. 2018
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Auroraphoca atlantica Dewaele et al. 2018
G. †Australophoca Valenzuela-Toro et al. 2016
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Australophoca changorum Valenzuela-Toro et al. 2016
G. †Callophoca Van Beneden 1876
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Invalid names: Callophoca obscura Van Beneden 1876 [nomen dubium]
G. †Hadrokirus Amson and Muizon 2013
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Hadrokirus martini Amson and Muizon 2013
Hadrokirus novotini Hafed et al. 2023
G. †Homiphoca Muizon and Hendey 1980
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Homiphoca capensis Hendey and Repenning 1972
Homiphoca murfreesi Hafed et al. 2023
G. Hydrurga Gistel 1848 [leopard seal]
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Hydrurga leptonyx de Blainville 1820 [leopard seal]
Invalid names: Ogmorhinus Peters 1875 [synonym], Ogmorhinus (Ogmorhinus) Trouessart 1904 [invalid subgroup]
G. Leptonychotes Gill 1872 [Weddell seal]
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Invalid names: Leptonyx Gray 1837 [synonym], Peocilophoca Lydekker 1891 [synonym], Poecilophoca Lydekker 1891 [synonym]
G. Lobodon Gray 1844 [crabeater seal]
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Lobodon carcinophaga Hombron and Jacquinot 1843 [crabeater seal]
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Invalid names: Stenorhynchus serridens Owen 1843 [synonym]
Lobodon vetus Leidy 1853
Invalid names: Leptorhynchus Gray 1844 [synonym], Ogmorhinus Turner 1888 [synonym]
G. †Magnotherium Rahmat et al. 2021
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Magnotherium johnsii Rahmat et al. 2021
G. Mirounga Gray 1827 [elephant seal]
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Mirounga angustirostris Gill 1866 [northern elephant seal]
Mirounga leonina Linnaeus 1758 [southern elephant seal]
Morunga elephantina Molina 1782
Invalid names: Macrorhinus Cuvier 1824 [synonym], Macrorhyna Gray 1827 [synonym], Physorhinus Gloger 1841 [synonym], Rhinophoca Wagler 1830 [synonym]
Tr. Monachini Trouessart 1904
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G. †Eomonachus Rule et al. 2020
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Eomonachus belegaerensis Rule et al. 2020
G. Monachus Flemming 1822 [monk seal]
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Subg. Monachus (Monachus) Trouessart 1898
Subg. †Monachus (Monatherium) Van Beneden 1876
Monachus monachus Hermann 1779 [Mediterranean monk seal]
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Invalid names: Monachus albiventer Boddaert 1785 [synonym]
Invalid names: Heliophoca Gray 1854 [synonym], Mammonachus Herrera 1899 [synonym], Pelagios Cuvier 1824 [synonym], Pelagocyon Gloger 1842 [synonym]
G. Neomonachus Scheel et al. 2014 [Hawaiian monk seal]
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Neomonachus schauinslandi Hermann 1779 [Hawaiian monk seal]
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Invalid names: Cystophora antillarum Gray 1849 [synonym]
G. †Noriphoca Dewaele et al. 2018
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Noriphoca gaudini Guiscardi 1870
G. Ommatophoca Gray 1844 [Ross seal]
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G. †Palmidophoca Ginsburg and Janvier 1975
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Palmidophoca callirhoe Ginsburg and Janvier 1975
Invalid names: Palmidophoca chrysar Ginsburg and Janvier 1999 [nomen dubium]
G. †Piscophoca Muizon 1981
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Piscophoca pacifica Muizon 1981
G. †Pliophoca Tavani 1941
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Pliophoca etrusca Tavani 1941
G. †Pontophoca Kretzoi 1941
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Pontophoca jutlandica Koretsky et al. 2014
Pontophoca sarmatica Alekseev 1924
Pontophoca simionescui Kretzoi 1941
G. †Sarcodectes Rule et al. 2020
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Sarcodectes magnus Rule et al. 2020
G. †Seronectes Hafed et al. 2024
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Seronectes meherrinensis Hafed et al. 2024
G. †Virginiaphoca Dewaele et al. 2018
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Virginiaphoca magurai Dewaele et al. 2018
Invalid names: Lobodontini Gray 1869 [empty], Mesotaria Van Beneden 1876 [nomen dubium], Miroungini Muizon 1981 [empty], Monotherium wymani Leidy 1854 [invalid subgroup], Paleophoca nystii Van Beneden 1859 [nomen dubium], Pristiphoca Gervais 1853 [nomen nudum], Pristiphoca occitana Gervais and de Serres 1847 [nomen nudum], Terranectes Rahmat et al. 2017 [nomen dubium], Terranectes magnus Rahmat et al. 2017 [nomen dubium], Terranectes parvus Rahmat et al. 2017 [nomen dubium]
G. †Monotherium Van Beneden 1876
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Monotherium delognii Vanden Broeck 1874
Subfm. Phocinae Gray 1821 [seal]
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G. †Batavipusa Koretsky and Peters 2008
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Batavipusa neerlandica Koretsky and Peters 2008
G. †Cryptophoca Koretsky and Ray 1994
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Cryptophoca maeotica Nordmann 1860
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Invalid names: Monotherium maeotica Koretsky 2001 [synonym]
G. Cystophora Nilsson 1820 [hooded seal]
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Cystophora cristata Erxleben 1779 [hooded seal]
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Invalid names: Cystophora borealis Nilsson 1820 [synonym]
Invalid names: Cystophoca Schufeldt 1890 [synonym], Stemmatopis Gloger 1841 [synonym], Stemmatops Van der Hoeven 1855 [synonym], Stemmatopus Cuvier 1824 [synonym]
Tr. Cystophorini Gray 1866
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G. †Pachyphoca Koretsky and Rahmat 2013
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Pachyphoca chapskii Koretsky and Rahmat 2013
Pachyphoca ukrainica Koretsky and Rahmat 2013
Pachyphoca volkodavi Tarasenko 2022
G. Erignathus Gill 1866 [bearded seal]
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Erignathus barbatus Erxleben 1777 [bearded seal]
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Invalid names: Phoca nautica Pallas 1811 [synonym]
G. †Frisiphoca Dewaele et al. 2018
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Frisiphoca aberratum Vanden Broeck 1874
Frisiphoca affine Vanden Broeck 1874
G. †Gryphoca Van Beneden 1876
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Gryphoca nordica Koretsky et al. 2014
Gryphoca similis Van Beneden 1876
G. Halichoerus Nilsson 1820 [grey seal]
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Subg. Halichoerus (Halichoerus) Trouessart 1898
Halichoerus grypus Fabricius 1791 [grey seal]
G. Histriophoca Gill 1873 [ribbon seal]
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Histriophoca alekseevi Koretsky 2001
Histriophoca fasciata Zimmermann 1783 [ribbon seal]
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Invalid names: Phoca equestris Pallas 1831 [synonym]
G. †Kawas Cozzuol 2001
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Kawas benegasorum Cozzuol 2001
G. †Leptophoca True 1906
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Leptophoca proxima Van Beneden 1876
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Invalid names: Leptophoca lenis True 1906 [synonym]
G. †Monachopsis Kretzoi 1941
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Monachopsis pontica Eichwald 1850
G. †Nanophoca Dewaele et al. 2017
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Nanophoca vitulinoides Van Beneden 1876
G. †Necromites Bogachev 1940
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Necromites nestoris Bogachev 1940
G. Pagophilus Gray 1844 [harp seal]
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Pagophilus groenlandica Erxleben 1777 [harp seal]
G. Phoca Linnaeus 1758 [seal]
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Subg. Phoca (Phoca) Trouessart 1898
Phoca caspica Nilsson 1837
Phoca hispida Schreber 1775 [ringed seal]
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Invalid names: Phoca annellata Nillson 1820 [synonym]
Phoca largha Pallas 1811
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Invalid names: Phoca insularis Belkin 1964 [synonym]
Phoca moori Newton 1890
Phoca vitulina Linnaeus 1758 [harbor seal]
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Invalid names: Halichoerus antarcticus Peale 1848 [synonym]
Invalid names: Arctias Rafinesque 1815 [synonym], Callocephalus Cuvier 1827 [synonym], Caspiopusa Dybowski 1929 [synonym], Halicyon Gray 1864 [synonym], Haliphilus Gray 1866 [synonym], Pagomys Gray 1860 [synonym], Pagophoca Trouessart 1904 [synonym]
G. †Phocanella Van Beneden 1876
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Phocanella pumila Van Beneden 1876
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Invalid names: Phocanella minor Van Beneden 1876 [synonym]
Invalid names: Phoca (Phocanella) straeleni Friant 1944 [nomen dubium], Phocanella couffoni Friant 1947 [nomen dubium]
Tr. Phocini Gray 1821
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Subtr. Phocina Gray 1825
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G. †Planopusa Koretsky and Rahmat 2021
Invalid names: Histriophocina Koretsky 2001 [empty], Phocinina Koretsky 2001 [empty]
G. †Platyphoca Van Beneden 1876
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Platyphoca danica Koretsky et al. 2014
Platyphoca vulgaris Van Beneden 1876
G. †Praepusa Kretzoi 1941
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Praepusa boeska Koretsky et al. 2015
Praepusa magyaricus Koretsky 2003
Praepusa pannonica Kretzoi 1941
Praepusa tarchankutica Antoniuk and Koretsky 1984
Praepusa vindobonensis Toula 1897
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Invalid names: Phoca holitschensis Bruhl 1860 [synonym], Phoca viennensis Blainville 1864 [synonym], Phoca viennensis antiqua Blainville 1842 [invalid subgroup]
G. †Prophoca Van Beneden 1876
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Prophoca rousseaui Van Beneden 1876
G. Pusa Scopoli 1777 [Arctic seal]
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Pusa caspica Nilsson 1837
Pusa hispida Schreber 1775 [ringed seal]
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Pusa hispida saimensis Nordquist 1900
Invalid names: Phoca (Phoca) foetida Fabricius 1776 [synonym]
Pusa sibirica Gmelin 1788
G. †Sarmatonectes Koretsky 2001
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Sarmatonectes sintsovi Koretsky 2001
Invalid names: Erignathini Chapski 1955 [empty], Leptophoca amphiatlantica Koretsky et al. 2012 [nomen dubium]
G. †Properiptychus Ameghino 1897
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Properiptychus argentinus Ameghino 1893
Invalid names: Cystophorinae Gray 1866 [empty], Halichoerina Gray 1871 [empty], Manatus maeoticus Eichwald 1850 [invalid subgroup], Miophoca Zapfe 1937 [nomen dubium], Miophoca vetusta Zapfe 1937 [nomen dubium], Monachina Gray 1871 [empty], Ogmorhininae Turner 1888 [empty], Phoca ambigua Staring 1860 [invalid subgroup], Phoca bessarabica Simonescu 1925 [invalid subgroup], Phoca novorossica Alekseev 1924 [invalid subgroup], Stenorhynchina Gray 1825 [empty]
Invalid names: Amphibiae Gray 1821 [synonym]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available