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Taxonomy
Phocoidea was named by Smirnov (1908). It is extant.
It was assigned to Ursida by McKenna and Bell (1997); to Phocomorpha by Berta (1994) and Berta (2002); to Pinnipedia by Scheffer and Rice (1963), Riedman (1990), Rice (1998) and Deméré et al. (2003); to Pinnipedia by Burns and Fay (1970), Berta (2009) and Fulton and Strobeck (2010); to Arctoidea by Koretsky (2001) and Koretsky et al. (2014); and to Carnivora by Ling and Bryden (1992), Koretsky et al. (2012), Koretsky et al. (2015) and Hafed et al. (2021).
It was assigned to Ursida by McKenna and Bell (1997); to Phocomorpha by Berta (1994) and Berta (2002); to Pinnipedia by Scheffer and Rice (1963), Riedman (1990), Rice (1998) and Deméré et al. (2003); to Pinnipedia by Burns and Fay (1970), Berta (2009) and Fulton and Strobeck (2010); to Arctoidea by Koretsky (2001) and Koretsky et al. (2014); and to Carnivora by Ling and Bryden (1992), Koretsky et al. (2012), Koretsky et al. (2015) and Hafed et al. (2021).
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
Year | Name and author |
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1821 | Amphibiae Gray p. 302 |
1908 | Phocoidea Smirnov |
1963 | Phocoidea Scheffer and Rice p. 3 |
1970 | Phocoidea Burns and Fay p. 379 |
1990 | Phocoidea Riedman p. 57 figs. Table 2 |
1992 | Phocoidea Ling and Bryden p. 1 |
1994 | Phocoidea Berta p. 412 |
1997 | Phocoidea McKenna and Bell p. 252 |
1998 | Phocoidea Rice |
2001 | Phocoidea Koretsky p. 85 |
2002 | Phocoidea Berta p. 923 |
2003 | Phocoidea Deméré et al. p. 49 figs. Fig. 3.3 |
2009 | Phocoidea Berta p. 863 |
2010 | Phocoidea Fulton and Strobeck p. 817 figs. Figure 1 |
2012 | Phocoidea Koretsky et al. p. 5 |
2014 | Phocoidea Koretsky et al. p. 421 |
2015 | Phocoidea Koretsky et al. p. 58 |
2021 | Phocoidea Hafed et al. p. 707 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Superfm. Phocoidea Smirnov 1908
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Fm. Phocidae Gray 1821 [seal]
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Subfm. †Devinophocinae Koretsky and Holec 2002
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G. †Devinophoca Koretsky and Holec 2002
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†Devinophoca claytoni Koretsky and Holec 2002
†Devinophoca emryi Koretsky and Rahmat 2015
Subfm. Monachinae Trouessart 1897
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G. †Australophoca Valenzuela-Toro et al. 2016
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†Australophoca changorum Valenzuela-Toro et al. 2016
G. †Hadrokirus Amson and Muizon 2013
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†Hadrokirus martini Amson and Muizon 2013
†Hadrokirus novotini Hafed et al. 2023
G. †Homiphoca Muizon and Hendey 1980
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†Homiphoca capensis Hendey and Repenning 1972
†Homiphoca murfreesi Hafed et al. 2023
G. Hydrurga Gistel 1848 [leopard seal]
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Hydrurga leptonyx de Blainville 1820 [leopard seal]
Invalid names: Ogmorhinus Peters 1875 [synonym], Ogmorhinus (Ogmorhinus) Trouessart 1904 [invalid subgroup]
G. Leptonychotes Gill 1872 [Weddell seal]
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Leptonychotes weddellii Lesson 1826
Invalid names: Leptonyx Gray 1837 [synonym], Peocilophoca Lydekker 1891 [synonym], Poecilophoca Lydekker 1891 [synonym]
G. Lobodon Gray 1844 [crabeater seal]
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Lobodon carcinophaga Hombron and Jacquinot 1843 [crabeater seal]
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Invalid names: Stenorhynchus serridens Owen 1843 [synonym]
†Lobodon vetus Leidy 1853
Invalid names: Leptorhynchus Gray 1844 [synonym], Ogmorhinus Turner 1888 [synonym]
G. Mirounga Gray 1827 [elephant seal]
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Mirounga angustirostris Gill 1866 [northern elephant seal]
Mirounga leonina Linnaeus 1758 [southern elephant seal]
Morunga elephantina Molina 1782
Invalid names: Macrorhinus Cuvier 1824 [synonym], Macrorhyna Gray 1827 [synonym], Physorhinus Gloger 1841 [synonym], Rhinophoca Wagler 1830 [synonym]
Tr. Monachini Trouessart 1904
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G. Monachus Flemming 1822 [monk seal]
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Subg. Monachus (Monachus) Trouessart 1898
Subg. †Monachus (Monatherium) Van Beneden 1876
Monachus monachus Hermann 1779 [Mediterranean monk seal]
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Invalid names: Monachus albiventer Boddaert 1785 [synonym]
Invalid names: Heliophoca Gray 1854 [synonym], Mammonachus Herrera 1899 [synonym], Pelagios Cuvier 1824 [synonym], Pelagocyon Gloger 1842 [synonym]
G. Neomonachus Scheel et al. 2014 [Hawaiian monk seal]
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Neomonachus schauinslandi Hermann 1779 [Hawaiian monk seal]
G. †Palmidophoca Ginsburg and Janvier 1975
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†Palmidophoca callirhoe Ginsburg and Janvier 1975
Invalid names: Palmidophoca chrysar Ginsburg and Janvier 1999 [nomen dubium]
G. †Pontophoca Kretzoi 1941
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†Pontophoca jutlandica Koretsky et al. 2014
†Pontophoca sarmatica Alekseev 1924
†Pontophoca simionescui Kretzoi 1941
Invalid names: Lobodontini Gray 1869 [empty], Mesotaria Van Beneden 1876 [nomen dubium], Miroungini Muizon 1981 [empty], Monotherium wymani Leidy 1854 [invalid subgroup], Paleophoca nystii Van Beneden 1859 [nomen dubium], Pristiphoca Gervais 1853 [nomen nudum], Pristiphoca occitana Gervais and de Serres 1847 [nomen nudum], Terranectes Rahmat et al. 2017 [nomen dubium], Terranectes magnus Rahmat et al. 2017 [nomen dubium], Terranectes parvus Rahmat et al. 2017 [nomen dubium]
Subfm. Phocinae Gray 1821 [seal]
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G. †Cryptophoca Koretsky and Ray 1994
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G. Cystophora Nilsson 1820 [hooded seal]
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Cystophora cristata Erxleben 1779 [hooded seal]
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Invalid names: Cystophora borealis Nilsson 1820 [synonym]
Invalid names: Cystophoca Schufeldt 1890 [synonym], Stemmatopis Gloger 1841 [synonym], Stemmatops Van der Hoeven 1855 [synonym], Stemmatopus Cuvier 1824 [synonym]
Tr. Cystophorini Gray 1866
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G. †Pachyphoca Koretsky and Rahmat 2013
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†Pachyphoca chapskii Koretsky and Rahmat 2013
†Pachyphoca ukrainica Koretsky and Rahmat 2013
†Pachyphoca volkodavi Tarasenko 2022
G. Erignathus Gill 1866 [bearded seal]
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Erignathus barbatus Erxleben 1777 [bearded seal]
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Invalid names: Phoca nautica Pallas 1811 [synonym]
G. †Frisiphoca Dewaele et al. 2018
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†Frisiphoca aberratum Vanden Broeck 1874
†Frisiphoca affine Vanden Broeck 1874
G. †Gryphoca Van Beneden 1876
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†Gryphoca nordica Koretsky et al. 2014
†Gryphoca similis Van Beneden 1876
G. Halichoerus Nilsson 1820 [grey seal]
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Subg. Halichoerus (Halichoerus) Trouessart 1898
Halichoerus grypus Fabricius 1791 [grey seal]
G. Histriophoca Gill 1873 [ribbon seal]
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†Histriophoca alekseevi Koretsky 2001
Histriophoca fasciata Zimmermann 1783 [ribbon seal]
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Invalid names: Phoca equestris Pallas 1831 [synonym]
G. †Leptophoca True 1906
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G. Phoca Linnaeus 1758 [seal]
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Subg. Phoca (Phoca) Trouessart 1898
Phoca caspica Nilsson 1837
†Phoca moori Newton 1890
Phoca vitulina Linnaeus 1758 [harbor seal]
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Phoca vitulina concolor De Kay 1842
Phoca vitulina richardii Gray 1866
Invalid names: Halichoerus antarcticus Peale 1848 [synonym]
Phoca vitulina stejnegeri Allen 1902
Invalid names: Arctias Rafinesque 1815 [synonym], Callocephalus Cuvier 1827 [synonym], Caspiopusa Dybowski 1929 [synonym], Halicyon Gray 1864 [synonym], Haliphilus Gray 1866 [synonym], Pagomys Gray 1860 [synonym], Pagophoca Trouessart 1904 [synonym]
G. †Phocanella Van Beneden 1876
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Invalid names: Phoca (Phocanella) straeleni Friant 1944 [nomen dubium], Phocanella couffoni Friant 1947 [nomen dubium]
Tr. Phocini Gray 1821
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Invalid names: Histriophocina Koretsky 2001 [empty], Phocinina Koretsky 2001 [empty]
G. †Platyphoca Van Beneden 1876
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†Platyphoca danica Koretsky et al. 2014
†Platyphoca vulgaris Van Beneden 1876
G. †Praepusa Kretzoi 1941
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†Praepusa boeska Koretsky et al. 2015
†Praepusa magyaricus Koretsky 2003
†Praepusa pannonica Kretzoi 1941
†Praepusa tarchankutica Antoniuk and Koretsky 1984
†Praepusa vindobonensis Toula 1897
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Invalid names: Phoca holitschensis Bruhl 1860 [synonym], Phoca viennensis Blainville 1864 [synonym], Phoca viennensis antiqua Blainville 1842 [invalid subgroup]
G. Pusa Scopoli 1777 [Arctic seal]
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Pusa caspica Nilsson 1837
Pusa hispida Schreber 1775 [ringed seal]
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Pusa hispida gichigensis Allen 1902
Pusa hispida ochotensis Pallas 1831
Pusa hispida saimensis Nordquist 1900
Invalid names: Phoca (Phoca) foetida Fabricius 1776 [synonym]
Pusa sibirica Gmelin 1788
Invalid names: Erignathini Chapski 1955 [empty], Leptophoca amphiatlantica Koretsky et al. 2012 [nomen dubium]
Invalid names: Cystophorinae Gray 1866 [empty], Halichoerina Gray 1871 [empty], Manatus maeoticus Eichwald 1850 [invalid subgroup], Miophoca Zapfe 1937 [nomen dubium], Miophoca vetusta Zapfe 1937 [nomen dubium], Monachina Gray 1871 [empty], Ogmorhininae Turner 1888 [empty], Phoca ambigua Staring 1860 [invalid subgroup], Phoca bessarabica Simonescu 1925 [invalid subgroup], Phoca novorossica Alekseev 1924 [invalid subgroup], Stenorhynchina Gray 1825 [empty]
Invalid names: Amphibiae Gray 1821 [synonym]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available