Basic info Taxonomic history Classification Included Taxa
Morphology Ecology and taphonomy External Literature Search Age range and collections

Tetanurae (tetanuran theropod)

Reptilia

Taxonomy
Tetanurae was named by Gauthier (1986). It is extant.

It was assigned to Theropoda by Benton (1990); to Avipoda by Novas (1992) and Pérez-Moreno et al. (1994); to Neotheropoda by Sereno (1995), Sereno (1997), Sereno (1998), Holtz (1998), Sampson et al. (1998), Sereno (1999), Holtz (2000), Rauhut (2003) and Yates (2005); to Theropoda by Hutt et al. (1996), Gay (2010) and Allain et al. (2012); to Theropoda by Gauthier (1986), Osmolska (1990), Chatterjee (1993), Holtz (1994), Holtz and Padian (1995), Holtz (1995), Currie (1997), Hutchinson and Padian (1997), Hutchinson and Padian (1997), Novas et al. (2008), Bittencourt and Langer (2011), Apesteguia et al. (2016), Xu and Qin (2017), Rauhut and Pol (2017), Porfiri et al. (2018), Chokchaloemwong et al. (2019), Lamanna et al. (2020), Chure and Loewen (2020), Aranciaga Rolando et al. (2022), Sharma et al. (2023) and Porfiri et al. (2024); and to Averostra by Ezcurra (2006), Ezcurra and Novas (2007), Ezcurra and Cuny (2007), Carrano et al. (2012), Hendrickx and Mateus (2014) and Pradelli et al. (2024).

Synonyms
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1842Streptospondylus cuvieri Owen p. 88
1861Streptospondylus cuvieri Owen p. 299 figs. 103, 2
1870Streptospondylus cuvieri Lennier pp. 38-39
1874Streptospondylus cuvieri Sauvage p. 17
1875Streptospondylus cuvieri Owen p. 21
1881Megalosaurus pannoniensis Seeley pp. 670-671
1882Streptospondylus cuvieri Etheridge p. 213
1882Megalosaurus pannoniensis Sauvage p. 9
1884Megalosaurus pannoniensis Dames p. 188
1887Megalosaurus pannoniensis Koken p. 9
1888Allosaurus medius Marsh pp. 93-94
1890Megalosaurus cuvieri Gaudry p. 227
1890Streptospondylus cuvieri Zittel p. 725
1896Megalosaurus pannoniensis Depéret p. 190
1898Megalosaurus pannoniensis Sauvage p. 40
1901Megalosaurus pannoniensis Nopcsa p. 200
1901Streptospondylus cuvieri Nopcsa p. 201
1902Antrodemus medius Hay p. 489
1906Streptospondylus cuvieri Nopcsa p. 81
1911Allosaurus medius Lull p. 173
1911Creosaurus potens Lull p. 174
1911Allosaurus medius Lull p. 183 figs. Pl. 14:1-3
1911Creosaurus potens Lull pp. 186-7 figs. Pl. 14:4
1911Megalosaurus cuvieri Nopcsa p. 25
1915Megalosaurus pannoniensis Nopcsa p. 16
1915Streptospondylus cuvieri Stromer p. 6
1916Allosaurus medius Mook p. 143
1916Creosaurus potens Mook p. 143
1920Dryptosaurus potens Gilmore pp. 116-8 fig. 66
1920Dryptosaurus medius Gilmore pp. 119-21
1921Dryptosaurus medius Gilmore p. 583
1921Dryptosaurus potens Gilmore p. 584
1922Dryptosaurus medius Matthew and Brown p. 376
1923Megalosaurus cuvieri Huene pp. 451-453
1923Streptospondylus cuvieri Piveteau p. 9
1924Prodeinodon Osborn pp. 6-7
1924Prodeinodon mongoliense Osborn pp. 6-7 figs. 5-7
1925Streptospondylus cuvieri Depéret and Savornin p. 1110
1925Allosaurus tendagurensis Janensch p. 74 figs. Pl. 6, fig. 7
1926Megalosaurus pannoniensis Huene p. 81
1928Streptospondylus cuvieri Depéret and Savornin p. 260
1928Streptospondylus pannoniensis Depéret and Savornin pp. 262-263
1928Teinurosaurus Nopcsa pp. 183 ff2
1930Dryptosaurus medius Hay p. 178
1930Dryptosaurus potens Hay p. 178
1931Allosaurus medius Stromer p. 9
1931Megalosaurus pannoniensis Stromer p. 10
1931Streptospondylus cuvieri Stromer p. 16
1932Caudocoelus Huene p. 53
1932Caudocoelus sauvagei Huene p. 53 fig. 6
1934Streptospondylus cuvieri Stromer p. 15
1935Prodeinodon mongoliensis Young
1936Streptospondylus cuvieri Swinton p. 208
1939Caudocoelus Kuhn p. 39
1939Caudocoelus sauvagei Kuhn p. 39
1939Dryptosaurus potens Kuhn p. 47
1939Megalosaurus cuvieri Kuhn p. 69
1939Antrodemus tendagurensis Kuhn p. 72
1939Antrodemus medius Kuhn p. 74
1942Sinocoelurus Young pp. 297-298 figs. Pl. 1:6-8
1942Sinocoelurus fragilis Young pp. 297-298 figs. Pl. 1:6-8
1942Chienkosaurus Young pp. 298-300 figs. Pl. I:9-10; Pl. 2:1-2
1942Chienkosaurus ceratosauroides Young pp. 298-300 figs. Pl. 1:9-10; Pl. 2:1-2
1942Sinocoelurus Young p. 298
1942Chienkosaurus Young p. 300
1943Streptospondylus cuvieri Lapparent p. 11
1943Chienkosaurus ceratosauroides Young et al. p. 18
1943Sinocoelurus fragilis Young et al. p. 18
1946Dryptosaurus medius Gilmore p. 17
1946Dryptosaurus potens Gilmore p. 17
1947Megalosaurus pannoniensis Lapparent p. 19
1948Megalosaurus pannoniensis Lapparent p. 1186
1953Prodeinodon mongoliensis Bohlin p. 16
1956Caudocoelus Romer p. 612
1956Sinocoelurus Romer p. 612
1956Chienkosaurus Romer p. 615
1956Prodeinodon Romer p. 616
1957Megalosaurus pannoniensis Lapparent and Zbyszewski p. 27
1958Chienkosaurus Huene p. 205
1958Sinocoelurus Huene p. 205
1959Sinocoelurus Huene p. 121
1959Chienkosaurus Huene p. 122
1960Megalosaurus pannoniensis Jeletzky p. 34
1960Inosaurus Lapparent pp. 26-27
1960Inosaurus tedreftensis Lapparent pp. 26-27
1964Sinocoelurus Tatarinov p. 533
1964Chienkosaurus Tatarinov p. 537
1964Inosaurus Tatarinov p. 537
1964Prodeinodon Tatarinov p. 540
1966Caudocoelus Romer p. 369
1966Chienkosaurus Romer p. 369
1966Inosaurus Romer p. 369
1966Prodeinodon Romer p. 369
1966Sinocoelurus Romer p. 369
1967Prodeinodon Charig p. 714
1967Prodeinodon mongoliensis Charig p. 714
1967Megalosaurus pannoniensis Charig p. 715
1967Megalosaurus cuvieri Lapparent p. 10
1967Megalosaurus pannoniensis Lapparent p. 10
1970Caudocoelus Steel p. 13
1970Caudocoelus sauvagei Steel p. 13
1970Inosaurus Steel p. 16
1970Inosaurus tedreftensis Steel p. 16
1970Sinocoelurus Steel p. 17
1970Sinocoelurus fragilis Steel p. 17
1970Antrodemus tendagurensis Steel p. 29
1970Chienkosaurus Steel p. 31
1970Chienkosaurus ceratosauroides Steel p. 31
1970Dryptosaurus medius Steel p. 31
1970Dryptosaurus potens Steel p. 31
1970Megalosaurus pannoniensis Steel p. 34
1970Prodeinodon Steel p. 42
1970Prodeinodon mongoliense Steel p. 42
1970Megalosaurus pannoniensis Swinton p. 142
1971Megalosaurus pannoniensis Dinca et al. p. 89
1973Phaedrolosaurus Dong pp. 46-47 figs. Pl. 2, Fig. 1
1973Phaedrolosaurus ilikensis Dong pp. 46-47 figs. Pl. 2
1975Prodeinodon Hou et al. p. 29
1975Prodeinodon kwangshiensis Hou et al. pp. 29-30 fig. 5
1976Prodeinodon Kurzanov p. 93
1978Chienkosaurus Dong et al.
1978Teinurosaurus sauvagei Olshevsky p. 13
1978Streptospondylus cuvieri Rioult p. 28
1980Prodeinodon kwangshiensis Chao
1980Phaedrolosaurus ilikensis Chao p. 68
1980Phaedrolosaurus ilikensis Molnar and Pledge p. 286
1981Allosaurus tendagurensis Molnar et al. p. 145
1982Megalosaurus pannoniensis Jurcsák p. 182
1982Dandakosaurus indicus Yadagiri
1982Dandakosaurus Yadagiri p. 3
1982Dandakosaurus indicus Yadagiri p. 3
1983Sinocoelurus Dong et al.
1983Sinocoelurus fragilis Dong et al.
1983Prodeinodon Zhao p. 304
1983Sinocoelurus Zhao p. 304
1984Megalosaurus pannoniensis Brinkmann p. 297
1984Sinocoelurus He p. 40
1984Sinocoelurus fragilis He p. 40 figs. 6-12
1985Megalosaurus pannoniensis Penner p. 668
1985Sinocoelurus fragilis Zhao p. 289
1986Tetanurae Gauthier p. 23
1986Megalosaurus pannoniensis Ginsburg p. 144
1986Phaedrolosaurus ilikensis Li et al. p. 27
1986Phaedrolosaurus ilikensis Qi et al. p. 192
1986Prodeinodon tibetensis Ye et al. p. 203
1986Phaedrolosaurus ilikensis Zhao p. 68
1988Chienkosaurus Carroll
1988Inosaurus Carroll
1988Phaedrolosaurus Carroll
1988Sinocoelurus Carroll
1988Teinurosaurus Carroll
1988Megalosaurus pannoniensis Vianey-Liaud et al. p. 416
1990Tetanurae Benton p. 19
1990Prodeinodon kwangshiensis Mihiko p. 37
1990Prodeinodon mongoliense Mihiko p. 37
1990Allosaurus tendagurensis Molnar et al. p. 189
1990Megalosaurus pannoniensis Molnar et al. p. 192
1990Tetanurae Osmolska p. 149
1992Megalosaurus pannoniensis Buffetaut pp. 130-131
1992Phaedrolosaurus Dong p. 164
1992Sinocoelurus Dong p. 164
1992Prodeinodon Dong p. 165
1992Inosaurus Molnar p. 266
1992Inosaurus tedreftensis Molnar p. 266
1992Tetanurae Novas p. 144
1992Phaedrolosaurus ilikensis Shen and Mateer p. 75
1993Tetanurae Chatterjee p. 283
1994Phaedrolosaurus ilikensis Dong p. 2097
1994Prodeinodon kwangshiensis Dong p. 2098
1994Prodeinodon Eberth et al. p. 2103
1994Tetanurae Holtz
1994Dryptosaurus medius Molnar and Wiffen p. 693
1994Tetanurae Pérez-Moreno et al. p. 184 fig. 1
1995Tetanurae Holtz, Jr. p. 35A
1995Tetanurae Holtz, Jr. and Padian p. 35A
1995Tetanurae Sereno p. 52A
1996Tetanurae Hutt et al. p. 638
1997Tetanurae Currie p. 732
1997Tetanurae Hutchinson and Padian p. 129
1997Tetanurae Sereno p. 444
1997Prodeinodon tibetensis Zhang and Li
1998Tetanurae Holtz, Jr. p. 39
1998Tetanurae Sampson et al. p. 1050 fig. 3
1998Tetanurae Sereno p. 64
1999Tetanurae Sereno p. 2138 fig. 2
2000Prodeinodon Currie p. 450
2000Prodeinodon mongoliensis Currie p. 450
2000Tetanurae Holtz, Jr. p. 17
2001Streptospondylus cuvieri Allain p. 352
2003Tetanurae Rauhut p. 135
2003Prodeinodon Ruiz-Omeñaca and Canudo p. 111
2003Prodeinodon mongoliense Ruiz-Omeñaca and Canudo p. 113
2003Phaedrolosaurus Ruiz-Omeñaca and Canudo p. 297
2004Allosaurus tendagurensis Holtz, Jr. et al. p. 75
2005Tetanurae Yates p. 118 fig. 9
2006Prodeinodon kwangshiensis Buffetaut et al. p. 28
2006Tetanurae Ezcurra p. 657 fig. 3
2006Allosaurus tendagurensis Mateus p. 231
2007Tetanurae Ezcurra and Cuny p. 78 fig. 6
2007Tetanurae Ezcurra and Novas p. 46 fig. 12
2008Tetanurae Novas et al. p. 469
2009Prodeinodon kwangshiensis Wu et al. p. 23
2010Tetanurae Gay p. 28
2011Tetanurae Bittencourt and Langer p. 35
2011Chienkosaurus Li et al. p. 24
2011Chienkosaurus ceratosauroides Li et al. p. 24
2011Sinocoelurus Li et al. p. 24
2011Sinocoelurus fragilis Li et al. p. 24
2012Tetanurae Allain et al. p. 370
2012Tetanurae Carrano et al. p. 248 fig. 7
2014Tetanurae Hendrickx and Mateus
2016Tetanurae Apesteguia et al.
2017Tetanurae Rauhut and Pol
2017Tetanurae Xu and Qin
2018Tetanurae Porfiri et al.
2019Tetanurae Chokchaloemwong et al.
2020Tetanurae Chure and Loewen p. 8
2020Tetanurae Lamanna et al. p. 258
2020Phaedrolosaurus ilikensis Li et al. p. 1876
2022Tetanurae Aranciaga Rolando et al.
2022Sinocoelurus fragiris Li et al. p. 4235
2023Tetanurae Sharma et al. p. 656
2024Tetanurae Porfiri et al. p. 5
2024Tetanurae Pradelli et al.

Is something missing? Join the Paleobiology Database and enter the data

RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
—Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
—Tetrapoda
—Reptiliomorpha
—Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
—Cotylosauria()
—Amniota
—Sauropsida
classReptilia
RankNameAuthor
subclassEureptilia()
—Romeriida
—Diapsida()
—Archosauromorpha(Huene 1946)
—Crocopoda
—ArchosauriformesGauthier 1986
—Eucrocopoda
—Archosauria()
informalAvemetatarsalia
—Ornithodira
—Dinosauromorpha
—Dinosauriformes
—Dinosauria()
—Theropoda()
—Neotheropoda
—AverostraPaul 2002
—Tetanurae
—Tetanurae

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Unr. Tetanurae Gauthier 1986 [tetanuran theropod]
show all | hide all
Superfm. †Allosauroidea Currie and Zhao 1994 [allosauroid]
+
Unr. †Allosauria Paul 1988
+
Fm. †Allosauridae Marsh 1878 [allosaurid]
+
G. †Saurophaganax Chure 1995
+
†Saurophaganax maximus Chure 1995
Invalid names: Allosaurinae Paul 1988 [empty], Antrodemidae Stromer 1934 [synonym], Ornitholestinae Paul 1988 [empty]
G. †Allosaurus Marsh 1877
+
†Allosaurus amplus Marsh 1879
†Allosaurus europaeus Mateus et al. 2006
†Allosaurus fragilis Marsh 1877
+
Invalid names: Allosaurus ferox Marsh 1896 [synonym], Allosaurus lucaris Marsh 1878 [synonym], Apatodon mirus Marsh 1877 [synonym], Creosaurus atrox Marsh 1878 [synonym], Epanterias amplexus Cope 1878 [synonym], Labrosaurus ferox Marsh 1884 [synonym], Laelaps trihedrodon Cope 1877 [synonym], Poicilopleuron valens Leidy 1870 [synonym], Saurophagus maximus Ray 1941 [synonym]
†Allosaurus jimmadseni Chure et al. 2006
†Allosaurus lucasi Dalman 2014
Invalid names: Antrodemus Leidy 1873 [synonym], Apatodon Marsh 1877 [synonym], Creosaurus Marsh 1878 [synonym], Epanterias Cope 1878 [synonym], Labrosaurus Marsh 1879 [synonym], Saurophagus Ray 1941 [synonym]
G. †Asfaltovenator Rauhut and Pol 2019
+
†Asfaltovenator vialidadi Rauhut and Pol 2019
Unr. †Carcharodontosauria Benson et al. 2010
+
G. †Datanglong Mo et al. 2014
+
†Datanglong guangxiensis Mo et al. 2014
G. †Lusovenator Malafaia et al. 2020
+
†Lusovenator santosi Malafaia et al. 2020
G. †Siamraptor Chokchaloemwong et al. 2019
+
†Siamraptor suwati Chokchaloemwong et al. 2019
G. †Ulughbegsaurus Tanaka et al. 2021
+
†Ulughbegsaurus uzbekistanensis Tanaka et al. 2021
Fm. †Carcharodontosauridae Stromer 1931
+
G. †Acrocanthosaurus Stovall and Langston, Jr. 1950
+
†Acrocanthosaurus atokensis Stovall and Langston, Jr. 1950
Subfm. †Carcharodontosaurinae Brusatte and Sereno 2007
+
Tr. †Giganotosaurini Brusatte and Sereno 2008
+
G. †Meraxes Canale et al. 2022
G. †Tyrannotitan Novas et al. 2005
Invalid names: Giganotosaurinae Coria and Currie 2006 [synonym]
G. †Carcharodontosaurus Stromer 1931
+
†Carcharodontosaurus iguidensis Brusatte and Sereno 2007
†Carcharodontosaurus saharicus Depéret and Savornin 1925
+
Invalid names: Megalosaurus africanus Huene 1956 [objective synonym], Sauroniops pachytholus Cau et al. 2013 [synonym]
Invalid names: Sauroniops Cau et al. 2013 [synonym]
G. †Concavenator Ortega et al. 2010
+
†Concavenator corcovatus Ortega et al. 2010
G. †Eocarcharia Sereno and Brusatte 2008
+
†Eocarcharia dinops Sereno and Brusatte 2008
G. †Giganotosaurus Coria and Salgado 1995
+
†Giganotosaurus carolinii Coria and Salgado 1995
G. †Kelmayisaurus Dong 1973
+
G. †Lajasvenator Coria et al. 2020
+
†Lajasvenator ascheriae Coria et al. 2020
G. †Mapusaurus Coria and Currie 2006
+
†Mapusaurus roseae Coria and Currie 2006
G. †Shaochilong Brusatte et al. 2009
+
G. †Taurovenator Motta et al. 2016
+
†Taurovenator violantei Motta et al. 2016
G. †Unquillosaurus Powell 1979
+
†Unquillosaurus ceibalii Powell 1979
G. †Veterupristisaurus Rauhut 2011
+
Invalid names: Megalosaurus inexpectatus del Corro 1966 [nomen dubium]
Fm. †Metriacanthosauridae Carrano et al. 2012
+
G. †Alpkarakush Rauhut et al. 2024
+
†Alpkarakush kyrgyzicus Rauhut et al. 2024
G. †Erectopus Huene 1923
+
†Erectopus sauvagei Huene 1932
†Erectopus superbus Sauvage 1882
Subfm. †Metriacanthosaurinae Paul 1988
+
G. †Metriacanthosaurus Walker 1964
+
G. †Siamotyrannus Buffetaut et al. 1996 [Siam tyrant]
+
†Siamotyrannus isanensis Buffetaut et al. 1996
G. †Sinraptor Currie and Zhao 1994 [China raptor]
+
†Sinraptor dongi Currie and Zhao 1994
G. †Shidaisaurus Wu et al. 2009
+
†Shidaisaurus jinae Wu et al. 2009
G. †Yangchuanosaurus Dong et al. 1978
+
†Yangchuanosaurus shangyouensis Dong et al. 1978
+
Invalid names: Yangchuanosaurus magnus Dong et al. 1983 [synonym]
Invalid names: Sinraptoridae Currie and Zhao 1994 [synonym]
G. †Monolophosaurus Zhao and Currie 1994
+
†Monolophosaurus jiangi Zhao and Currie 1994
+
Invalid names: Monolophosaurus jiangjunmiaoi Dong 1992 [synonym]
Fm. †Neovenatoridae Benson et al. 2010
+
G. †Fukuiraptor Azuma and Currie 2000
+
†Fukuiraptor kitadaniensis Azuma and Currie 2000
G. †Neovenator Hutt et al. 1996
+
†Neovenator salerii Hutt et al. 1996
Invalid names: Rapator Huene 1932 [nomen dubium]
Or. Avetheropoda Paul 1988 [avetheropod]
+
G. †Bahariasaurus Stromer 1934
+
†Bahariasaurus ingens Stromer 1934
Infraor. †Carnosauria Huene 1920 [carnosaur]
+
G. †Abelichnus Calvo 1991
+
†Abelichnus astigarrae Calvo 1991
G. †Bosiutrisauropus Ellenberger 1970
+
†Bosiutrisauropus phuthiatsani Ellenberger 1970
G. †Changpeipus Young 1960
+
†Changpeipus bartholomaii Haubold 1971
†Changpeipus carbonicus Young 1960
†Changpeipus longweimaoensis Li and Zhang 2017
Invalid names: Changpeipus xuiana Lü et al. 2007 [nomen dubium]
G. †Kleitotrisauropus Ellenberger 1972
G. †Mafatrisauropus Ellenberger 1970
+
†Mafatrisauropus errans Ellenberger 1970
Invalid names: Aublysodon lateralis Cope 1876 [nomen dubium], Aublysodontidae Nopcsa 1928 [empty], Deinodontoidea Tatarinov 1964 [synonym], Dryptosauridae Marsh 1890 [empty], Itemiridae Kurzanov 1976 [empty], Shanshanosauridae Dong 1977 [empty], Streptospondylidae [empty]
G. †Shanyangosaurus Xue et al. 1996
+
Invalid names: Coeluria Marsh 1881 [empty], Compsognathia Paul 1988 [empty], Iliosuchus Huene 1932 [nomen dubium], Protoavia Paul 1988 [empty]
G. †Becklespinax Olshevsky 1991
+
Unr. Coelurosauria Huene 1914 [coelurosaur]
+
Infraor. †Alvarezsauria Bonaparte 1991
+
Unr. †Alvarezsauroidea Choiniere et al. 2010
+
Fm. †Alvarezsauridae Bonaparte 1991
+
G. †Achillesaurus Martinelli and Vera 2007
G. †Albertonykus Longrich and Currie 2009 [Alberta claw]
G. †Alnashetri Makovicky et al. 2012
G. †Alvarezsaurus Bonaparte 1991
G. †Elopteryx Andrews 1913
Subfm. †Parvicursorinae Karhu and Rautian 1996
G. †Trierarchuncus Fowler et al. 2020
G. †Bannykus Xu et al. 2018
+
†Bannykus wulatensis Xu et al. 2018
G. †Bonapartenykus Agnolin et al. 2012
+
†Bonapartenykus ultimus Agnolin et al. 2012
G. †Haplocheirus Choiniere et al. 2010
+
†Haplocheirus sollers Choiniere et al. 2010
G. †Nemegtonykus Lee et al. 2019
+
†Nemegtonykus citus Lee et al. 2019
G. †Patagonykus Novas 1994
+
†Patagonykus puertai Novas 1994
G. †Qiupanykus Lü et al. 2018
+
†Qiupanykus zhangi Lü et al. 2018
G. †Tugulusaurus Dong 1973
+
†Tugulusaurus faciles Dong 1973
G. †Xiyunykus Xu et al. 2018
+
†Xiyunykus pengi Xu et al. 2018
Invalid names: Patagonykinae Agnolin et al. 2012 [empty]
G. †Aorun Choiniere et al. 2013
+
†Aorun zhaoi Choiniere et al. 2013
Fm. †Arriagadoolithidae Agnolin et al. 2012
+
G. †Arriagadoolithus Agnolin et al. 2012
+
†Arriagadoolithus patagoniensis Agnolin et al. 2012
G. †Shishugounykus Qin et al. 2019
+
†Shishugounykus inexpectus Qin et al. 2019
G. †Aratasaurus Sayão et al. 2020
+
†Aratasaurus museunacionali Sayão et al. 2020
G. †Bicentenaria Novas et al. 2012
+
†Bicentenaria argentina Novas et al. 2012
G. †Brasileosaurus Huene 1931
+
G. †Bressanichnus Calvo 1991
+
G. †Britoichnium Bertini and Carvalho 2001
+
†Britoichnium coelurosauroides Bertini and Carvalho 2001
Fm. †Coeluridae Marsh 1881 [coelurid]
+
Invalid names: Coeluridae Nopcsa 1901 [empty], Coelurosauridae Cope 1882 [synonym]
G. †Coelurus Marsh 1879
+
†Coelurus fragilis Marsh 1879
+
Invalid names: Coelurus agilis Marsh 1884 [objective synonym]
Invalid names: Coelurus gracilis Marsh 1888 [nomen dubium]
Fm. †Compsognathidae Cope 1871 [compsognathid]
+
G. †Aniksosaurus Martínez and Novas 2006
+
†Aniksosaurus darwini Martínez and Novas 2006
G. †Aristosuchus Seeley 1887
+
†Aristosuchus pusillus Owen 1876
Subfm. †Compsognathinae Nopcsa 1923
+
G. †Saurornithoides Nopcsa 1928
G. †Compsognathus Wagner 1861 [elegant jaw]
+
†Compsognathus longipes Wagner 1861
+
Invalid names: Compsognathus corallestris Bidar et al. 1972 [synonym]
G. †Huaxiagnathus Hwang et al. 2004
+
†Huaxiagnathus orientalis Hwang et al. 2004
G. †Mirischia Naish et al. 2004
+
†Mirischia asymmetrica Naish et al. 2004
G. †Ornitholestes Osborn 1903
+
†Ornitholestes hermanni Osborn 1903
G. †Scipionyx Dal Sasso and Signore 1996
+
†Scipionyx samniticus Dal Sasso and Signore 1996
G. †Sinocalliopteryx Ji et al. 2007
+
†Sinocalliopteryx gigas Ji et al. 2007
G. †Xunmenglong Xing et al. 2020
+
†Xunmenglong yingliangis Xing et al. 2020
Invalid names: Beipiaognathus Hu et al. 2016 [nomen dubium]
G. †Cridotrisauropus Ellenberger 1965
+
†Cridotrisauropus cruentus Ellenberger 1970
†Cridotrisauropus ginsburgi Ellenberger 1965
†Cridotrisauropus minor Ellenberger 1965
†Cridotrisauropus unguiferus Ellenberger 1965
G. †Deferrariischnium Calvo 1991
+
G. †Juravenator Göhlich and Chiappe 2006
+
†Juravenator starki Göhlich and Chiappe 2006
G. †Kainomoyenisauropus Ellenberger 1970
+
†Kainomoyenisauropus ranivorus Ellenberger 1970
G. †Kol Turner et al. 2009
+
†Kol ghuva Turner et al. 2009
G. †Lapparentichnus Haubold 1971
+
G. †Lourinhanosaurus Mateus 1998
+
Unr. Maniraptora Gauthier 1986 [maniraptoran]
+
Fm. †Anchiornithidae Foth and Rauhut 2017
+
G. †Ostromia Foth and Rauhut 2017
+
†Ostromia crassipes Meyer 1857
Unr. Avialae Gauthier 1986 [avialan]
+
G. †Alcmonavis Rauhut et al. 2019
+
†Alcmonavis poeschli Rauhut et al. 2019
G. †Archaeopteryx Meyer 1861
+
†Archaeopteryx albersdoerferi Kundrát et al. 2019 [Ancient bird]
+
Invalid names: Archaeopteryx bavarica Wellnhofer 1993 [synonym], Archaeopteryx macrura Owen 1862 [synonym], Archaeopteryx oweni Petronievics 1921 [synonym], Archaeornis siemensii Dames 1897 [synonym], Griphosaurus problematicus Woodward 1862 [synonym], Pterodactylus crassipes Meyer 1857 [synonym], Wellnhoferia grandis Elzanowski 2001 [synonym]
Invalid names: Archaeornis Petronievics 1917 [synonym], Griphosaurus Wagner 1861 [synonym], Jurapteryx Howgate 1985 [synonym]
G. †Aurornis Godefroit et al. 2013
+
†Aurornis xui Godefroit et al. 2013
G. †Dalianraptor Gao and Liu 2005
+
†Dalianraptor cuhe Gao and Liu 2005
G. †Fujianvenator Xu et al. 2023
+
†Fujianvenator prodigiosus Xu et al. 2023
G. †Fukuipteryx Imai et al. 2019
+
†Fukuipteryx prima Imai et al. 2019
Or. †Jeholornithiformes Zhou and Zhang 2006
+
G. †Kompsornis Wang et al. 2020
G. †Neimengornis Wang et al. 2021
Invalid names: Jeholornithidae Zhou and Zhang 2006 [empty]
Unr. Ornithothoraces Chiappe and Calvo 1994
+
G. †Alamitornis Agnolin and Martinelli 2009
Subcl. †Enantiornithes Walker 1981
Unr. Euornithes Stejneger 1885
Unr. †Ornithuromorpha Chiappe 1999
G. †Xinghaiornis Wang et al. 2013
G. †Wellnhoferia Elzanowski 2001
Invalid names: Archaeopterygidae Huxley 1871 [invalid subgroup], Llerdopteryx Lacasa 1985 [nomen dubium], Llerdopteryx viai Lacasa 1985 [nomen dubium], Wyleyia Harrison and Walker 1973 [nomen dubium], Wyleyia valdensis Harrison and Walker 1973 [nomen dubium]
G. †Migmanychion Wang et al. 2023
+
†Migmanychion laiyang Wang et al. 2023
Fm. †Montanoolithidae Zelenitsky and Therrien 2008
+
G. †Montanoolithus Zelenitsky and Therrien 2008
+
†Montanoolithus labadousensis Vila et al. 2017
†Montanoolithus strongorum Zelenitsky and Therrien 2008
Infraor. †Oviraptorosauria Barsbold 1976
+
G. †Avimimus Kurzanov 1981
+
†Avimimus nemegtensis Funston et al. 2018
†Avimimus portentosus Kurzanov 1981
Fm. †Caenagnathidae Sternberg 1940
+
G. †Anomalipes Yu et al. 2018
G. †Beibeilong Pu et al. 2017
Subfm. †Caenagnathinae Paul 1988
G. †Chirostenotes Gilmore 1924
+
Invalid names: Macrophalangia Sternberg 1932 [synonym]
G. †Eoneophron Atkins-Weltman et al. 2024
G. †Gigantoraptor Xu et al. 2007
G. †Leptorhynchos Longrich et al. 2013
G. †Microvenator Ostrom 1970
Invalid names: Elmisauridae Osmolska 1981 [synonym], Elmisaurinae Currie 2000 [empty], Ojoraptorsaurus Sullivan et al. 2011 [nomen dubium], Ojoraptorsaurus boerei Sullivan et al. 2011 [nomen dubium]
Fm. †Caudipterygidae Osmólska et al. 2004
+
G. †Similicaudipteryx He et al. 2008
Invalid names: Caudipteridae Zhou and Wang 2000 [replaced]
G. †Caudipteryx Ji et al. 1998
+
†Caudipteryx dongi Zhou and Wang 2000
†Caudipteryx zoui Ji et al. 1998
G. †Incisivosaurus Xu et al. 2002
+
†Incisivosaurus gauthieri Xu et al. 2002
G. †Ningyuansaurus Ji et al. 2012
+
†Ningyuansaurus wangi Ji et al. 2012
Fm. †Oviraptoridae Barsbold 1976
+
Subfm. †Citipatinae Funston 2020
G. †Gobiraptor Lee et al. 2019
Subfm. †Heyuanninae Yun 2019
+
Invalid names: Ingeniinae Barsbold 1981 [replaced]
G. †Luoyanggia Lü et al. 2009
G. †Nankangia Lü et al. 2013
G. †Oviraptor Osborn 1924
G. †Yulong Lü et al. 2013
Invalid names: Oviraptorinae Barsbold 1981 [empty]
G. †Protarchaeopteryx Ji and Ji 1997
+
†Protarchaeopteryx robusta Ji and Ji 1997
G. †Saurexallopus Harris 1997
+
†Saurexallopus cordata McCrea et al. 2014
†Saurexallopus lovei Harris et al. 1996
†Saurexallopus zerbsti Lockley et al. 2003
Invalid names: Exallopus Harris et al. 1996 [replaced]
Invalid names: Avimimidae Kurzanov 1981 [empty], Caenagnathoidea Sternberg 1940 [empty], Ingeniidae Barsbold 1981 [empty], Oviraptoroidea Barsbold 1976 [empty]
Unr. Paraves Sereno 1997
+
Cl. Aves Linnaeus 1758 [bird]
+
Or. Accipitriformes Vieillot 1816
G. †Alaripeda Sarjeant and Reynolds 2001
G. †Archaeornithipus Fuentes Vidarte 1996
G. †Aucornis Ameghino 1898
Fm. †Avipedidae Sarjeant and Langston 1994
G. †Barrosopus Coria et al. 2002
Or. Bucerotiformes Fürbringer 1888 [hornbill]
Or. Charadriiformes Huxley 1867 [shorebird]
G. †Dolichopterus Milne-Edwards 1867
Fm. †Dromiceiidae Wetmore
Unr. †Eoaves Sibley 1988
G. †Eociconia Hou 1989
G. †Eopteryx Meyer 1887
Unr. †Eucavitaves Kimball 2013
Superor. Eurhipidurae Gill 1874
G. †Euryonotus Mercerat 1897
Unr. Falconiformes Sharpe 1874 [raptor]
G. †Fontinalis Lesquereux 1883
Unr. †Gansuiformes Hou and Liu 1984
Fm. †Gobioolithidae Mikhailov 1996
G. †Gruipeda Panin and Avram 1962
+
Invalid names: Antarctichnus Covacevich and Lamperein 1970 [synonym], Charadriipeda Panin and Avram 1962 [synonym]
G. †Gyeongsangornipes Kim et al. 2013
G. †Ibidopodia Milne-Edwards 1868
Fm. †Ignotornidae Lockley et al. 1992
G. †Jeholornis Zhou and Zhang 2002
Fm. †Jindongornipodidae Lockley et al. 2006
G. †Jixiangornis Ji et al. 2002
Fm. †Koreanaornipodidae Lockley et al. 2006
Fm. †Limiavipedidae McCrea et al. 2014
G. †Loncornis Ameghino 1899
G. †Manu Marples 1946
G. †Moguiornipes Xing et al. 2011
Or. †Mystiornithiformes Kurochkin et al. 2011
Subcl. Neornithes Gadow 1893
Or. †Odontopterygiformes Howard 1957
Or. †Omnivoropterygiformes Czerkas and Ji 2002
G. †Onychopteryx Cracraft 1971
Fm. †Pachycorioolithidae Lawver et al. 2016
Unr. †Palaeoaves Livezey and Zusi 2007
G. †Palaeolestes DeVis 1911
G. †Palaeopsittacus Harisson 1982
Unr. †Pangalliformes Clarke 2004
G. †Parvoolithus Mikhailov 1996
Fm. †Paxavipedidae McCrea et al. 2015
Or. Phaethontiformes Sharpe 1891
G. †Platanavis Nessov 1992
G. Plectophora Gray 1834
Subcl. †Praeornithes Rautian 1978
G. †Proornis Lim 1993
Or. †Protoaviformes Chatterjee 1991
G. †Protornis Jaekel 1929
Unr. †Psittacopasseres Suh 2011
Fm. †Psittacopedidae Mayr 2015
Unr. Pygostylia Chiappe 2002
Fm. †Qianshanornithidae Mayr et al. 2013
G. †Querandiornis Rusconi 1958
G. †Riacama Ameghino 1899
Fm. †Shandongornipodidae Lockley et al. 2007
G. †Shenzhouraptor Ji et al. 2002
G. †Smiliornis Ameghino 1899
G. †Tantalatos Reichenbach 1852
G. †Tatarornipes Lockley et al. 2012
Unr. †Telluraves Yuri 2013
G. †Teracus Milne-Edwards 1871
G. †Tridentigerpes Xing et al. 2019
G. †Tshulia Nessov 1988
G. †Uhangrichnus Yang et al. 1995
+
Invalid names: Dongyangornipes Azuma et al. 2013 [synonym]
G. †Yacoraitichnus Alonso and Marquillas 1986
G. †Yalavis Shufeldt 1913
Invalid names: Archornithes Carus [empty], Avimimiformes Chatterjee 1991 [empty], Chaoyangornithidae [empty], Climacarthrus Ameghino 1895 [nomen dubium], Eupterornis remensis Lemoine 1878 [nomen dubium], Kuszholiidae Nessov 1992 [empty], Liaoxiornithidae [empty], Longipennes [empty], Metornithes Perle et al. 1993 [empty], Minerva Shufeldt 1915 [nomen dubium], Mirandornithes Sangster 2005 [empty], Musophagiformes Seebohm 1890 [empty], Odontoglossae [empty], Odontornithes Marsh 1873 [empty], Paludicolae [empty], Pancharadriiformes Hood et al. 2019 [empty], Panmirandornithes Hood et al. 2019 [empty], Pansphenisciformes Clarke et al. 2003 [empty], Patagonichnornis Casamiquela 1987 [nomen vanum], Proherodius Lydekker 1891 [nomen dubium], Proherodius oweni Lydekker 1891 [nomen dubium], Protopelargus Reichenbach 1852 [nomen nudum], Sauriurae Haeckel 1866 [invalid subgroup], Tantaleus Reichenbach 1852 [nomen nudum], Tricorynopus brinkmani McCrea and Sarjeant 2001 [nomen dubium]
G. †Caihong Hu et al. 2018
+
†Caihong juji Hu et al. 2018
Infraor. †Deinonychosauria Colbert and Russell 1969
+
Fm. †Dromaeopodidae Li et al. 2007
Fm. †Dromaeosauridae Colbert and Russell 1969
G. †Pamparaptor Porfiri et al. 2011
G. †Paravipus Mudroch et al. 2011
Fm. †Troodontidae Gilmore 1924
+
Invalid names: Saurornithoididae Barsbold 1974 [synonym]
G. †Eosinopteryx Godefroit et al. 2013
+
†Eosinopteryx brevipenna Godefroit et al. 2013
G. †Epidendrosaurus Zhang et al. 2002
+
†Epidendrosaurus ningchengensis Zhang et al. 2002
G. †Epidexipteryx Zhang et al. 2008
+
†Epidexipteryx hui Zhang et al. 2008
Unr. Eumaniraptora Padian et al. 1999
+
Invalid names: Dromaeosauria Chatterjee and Templin 2007 [empty]
G. †Overoraptor Motta et al. 2020
+
†Overoraptor chimentoi Motta et al. 2020
G. †Paronychodon Cope 1876
+
†Paronychodon asiaticus Nessov 1995
Invalid names: Euronychodon Antunes and Sigogneau-Russell 1991 [synonym], Paronychodon lacustris Cope 1876 [nomen dubium], Tripriodon Marsh 1889 [synonym]
G. †Pedopenna Xu and Zhang 2005
+
†Pedopenna daohugouensis Xu and Zhang 2005
G. †Pneumatoraptor Osi et al. 2010
+
†Pneumatoraptor fodori Osi et al. 2010
G. †Serikornis Lefèvre et al. 2017
+
†Serikornis sungei Lefèvre et al. 2017
G. †Zhongornis Gao et al. 2008
+
†Zhongornis haoae Gao et al. 2008
G. †Pseudogeckoolithus Vianey-Liaud and López-Martínez 1997
+
†Pseudogeckoolithus nodosus Vianey-Liaud and López-Martínez 1997
†Pseudogeckoolithus tirboulensis Vianey-Liaud and Garcia 2003
Fm. †Scansoriopterygidae Czerkas and Yuan 2002
+
G. †Ambopteryx Wang et al. 2019
+
†Ambopteryx longibrachium Wang et al. 2019
G. †Scansoriopteryx Czerkas and Yuan 2002
+
†Scansoriopteryx heilmanni Czerkas and Yuan 2002
G. †Yi Xu et al. 2015
+
†Yi qi Xu et al. 2015
G. †Yixianosaurus Xu and Wang 2003
+
†Yixianosaurus longimanus Xu and Wang 2003
Invalid names: Palaeopteryx Jensen 1981 [nomen dubium]
Unr. Maniraptoriformes Holtz, Jr. and Padian 1995
+
Unr. †Arctometatarsalia Holtz 1994
+
Infraor. †Ornithomimosauria Barsbold 1976 [ornithomimosaur]
+
G. †Afromimus Sereno 2017
G. †Arkansaurus Hunt and Quinn 2018
G. †Aviatyrannis Rauhut 2003
G. †Beishanlong Makovicky et al. 2010
Fm. †Deinocheiridae Kielan-Jaworowska 1969
G. †Hexing Jin et al. 2012
G. †Kinnareemimus Buffetaut et al. 2009
Fm. †Nqwebasauridae Alifanov and Saveliev 2015
G. †Nqwebasaurus de Klerk et al. 2000
Fm. †Ornithomimidae Marsh 1890 [ornithomimid]
G. †Pelecanimimus Pérez-Moreno et al. 1994
G. †Shenzhousaurus Ji et al. 2003
Invalid names: Coelosaurus Leidy 1865 [nomen dubium], Garudimimidae Barsbold 1981 [empty], Harpymimidae Barsbold and Perle 1984 [empty], Ornithomimoidea Sereno 1999 [empty], Pelecanimimidae Alifanov 2012 [empty], Thecocoelurus Huene 1923 [nomen dubium], Valdoraptor Olshevsky 1991 [nomen dubium]
Invalid names: Bullatosauria Holtz [empty]
Unr. †Therizinosauria Russell 1997
+
G. †Erlikosaurus Barsbold and Perle 1980
+
†Erlikosaurus andrewsi Barsbold and Perle 1980
G. †Falcarius Kirkland et al. 2005
+
†Falcarius utahensis Kirkland et al. 2005
G. †Fukuivenator Azuma et al. 2016
+
†Fukuivenator paradoxus Azuma et al. 2016
G. †Jianchangosaurus Pu et al. 2013
+
†Jianchangosaurus yixianensis Pu et al. 2013
G. †Lingyuanosaurus Yao et al. 2019
+
†Lingyuanosaurus sihedangensis Yao et al. 2019
Superfm. †Therizinosauroidea Russell and Dong 1994
+
G. †Alxasaurus Russell and Dong 1994
G. †Beipiaosaurus Xu et al. 1999
Fm. †Dendroolithidae Zhao and Li 1988
G. †Martharaptor Senter et al. 2012
Fm. †Therizinosauridae Maleev 1954
+
Invalid names: Enigmosauridae Barsbold and Perle 1983 [synonym], Erlikosauridae Eberth et al. 2001 [synonym], Nanshiungosauridae Dong and Yu 1997 [synonym], Segnosauridae Perle 1979 [synonym]
Invalid names: Alxasauridae Russell and Dong 1994 [empty], Segnosauria Barsbold and Perle 1980 [synonym], Segnosaurischia Dong 1992 [synonym]
Invalid names: Tyrannoraptora Sereno 1998 [empty]
Unr. †Megaraptora Benson et al. 2010
+
G. †Aoniraptor Motta et al. 2016
+
†Aoniraptor libertatem Motta et al. 2016
Fm. †Megaraptoridae Novas et al. 2013
+
G. †Aerosteon Sereno et al. 2008
+
†Aerosteon riocoloradensis Sereno et al. 2008
G. †Australovenator Hocknull et al. 2009
+
†Australovenator wintonensis Hocknull et al. 2009
G. †Maip Aranciaga Rolando et al. 2022
+
†Maip macrothorax Aranciaga Rolando et al. 2022
G. †Megaraptor Novas 1998
+
G. †Murusraptor Coria and Currie 2016
+
†Murusraptor barrosaensis Coria and Currie 2016
G. †Orkoraptor Novas et al. 2008
+
†Orkoraptor burkei Novas et al. 2008
G. †Tratayenia Porfiri et al. 2018
+
†Tratayenia rosalesi Porfiri et al. 2018
G. †Phuwiangvenator Samathi et al. 2019
+
†Phuwiangvenator yaemniyomi Samathi et al. 2019
G. †Siats Zanno and Makovicky 2013
+
†Siats meekerorum Zanno and Makovicky 2013
G. †Vayuraptor Samathi et al. 2019
+
†Vayuraptor nongbualamphuensis Samathi et al. 2019
G. †Nedcolbertia Kirkland et al. 1998
+
†Nedcolbertia justinhoffmanni Kirkland et al. 1998
G. †Neotripodiscus Ellenberger 1970
+
†Neotripodiscus makoetlani Ellenberger 1970
G. †Ngexisaurus Zhao 1983
+
Fm. †Ornithomimipodidae Lockley et al. 2011
+
G. †Columbosauripus Sternberg 1932
+
†Columbosauripus ungulatus Sternberg 1932
G. †Irenichnites Sternberg 1932
G. †Magnoavipes Lee 1997
+
†Magnoavipes asiaticus Matsukawa et al. 2014
†Magnoavipes caneeri Lockley et al. 2001
†Magnoavipes denaliensis Fiorillo et al. 2011
†Magnoavipes lowei Lee 1997
G. †Ornithomimipus Sternberg 1926
+
†Ornithomimipus angustus Sternberg 1926
†Ornithomimipus gracilis Sternberg 1932
†Ornithomimipus jaillardi Jaillard et al. 1993
G. †Plesiothornipus Harkness 1850
+
†Plesiothornipos binneyi Harkness 1850
G. †Qomoqomosauropus Ellenberger 1970
+
†Qomoqomosauropus acutus Ellenberger 1970
G. †Satapliasaurus Gabuniya 1951
+
†Satapliasaurus dsocenidzei Gabuniya 1951
†Satapliasaurus kandelakii Gabuniya 1951
G. †Shanbeipus Wang et al. 2016
+
†Shanbeipus caudatus Wang et al. 2016
G. †Sinosauropteryx Ji and Ji 1996
+
†Sinosauropteryx prima Ji and Ji 1996
G. †Tanycolagreus Carpenter et al. 2005
+
†Tanycolagreus topwilsoni Carpenter et al. 2005
G. †Taupezia Delair 1963
+
†Taupezia landeri Delair 1963
G. †Trisauropodiscus Ellenberger 1970
+
†Trisauropodiscus aviforma Ellenberger 1970
†Trisauropodiscus galliforma Ellenberger 1970
†Trisauropodiscus levis Ellenberger 1970
†Trisauropodiscus phasianiforma Ellenberger 1970
†Trisauropodiscus pompompoi Ellenberger 1970
†Trisauropodiscus superaviforma Ellenberger 1970
†Trisauropodiscus superavipes Ellenberger 1970
Superfm. †Tyrannosauroidea Walker 1964
+
G. †Alectrosaurus Gilmore 1933
+
†Alectrosaurus olseni Gilmore 1933
G. †Appalachiosaurus Carr et al. 2005
+
G. †Bagaraatan Osmólska 1996
+
†Bagaraatan ostromi Osmólska 1996
G. †Bistahieversor Carr and Williamson 2010
+
†Bistahieversor sealeyi Carr and Williamson 2010
G. †Calamosaurus Lydekker 1891
+
†Calamosaurus foxi Lydekker 1889
G. †Dilong Xu et al. 2004
+
†Dilong paradoxus Xu et al. 2004
G. †Dryptosaurus Marsh 1877
+
Invalid names: Laelaps Cope 1866 [synonym]
G. †Eotyrannus Hutt et al. 2001
+
†Eotyrannus lengi Hutt et al. 2001
G. †Gualicho Apesteguia et al. 2016
+
†Gualicho shinyae Apesteguia et al. 2016
G. †Jinbeisaurus Wu et al. 2020
+
†Jinbeisaurus wangi Wu et al. 2020
G. †Juratyrant Brusatte and Benson 2013
+
†Juratyrant langhami Benson 2008
G. †Labocania Molnar 1974
+
†Labocania anomala Molnar 1974
G. †Moros Zanno et al. 2019
+
†Moros intrepidus Zanno et al. 2019
Fm. †Proceratosauridae Rauhut et al. 2010
+
G. †Guanlong Xu et al. 2006
+
†Guanlong wucaii Xu et al. 2006
G. †Kileskus Averianov et al. 2010
+
†Kileskus aristotocus Averianov et al. 2010
G. †Proceratosaurus Huene 1926
+
†Proceratosaurus bradleyi Woodward 1910
G. †Sinotyrannus Ji et al. 2009
+
†Sinotyrannus kazuoensis Ji et al. 2009
G. †Yutyrannus Xu et al. 2012
+
†Yutyrannus huali Xu et al. 2012
G. †Raptorex Sereno et al. 2009
+
†Raptorex kriegsteini Sereno et al. 2009
G. †Santanaraptor Kellner 1999
+
†Santanaraptor placidus Kellner 1999
G. †Stokesosaurus Madsen 1974
+
†Stokesosaurus clevelandi Madsen 1974
G. †Suskityrannus Nesbitt et al. 2019
+
†Suskityrannus hazelae Nesbitt et al. 2019
G. †Teihivenator Yun 2017
+
†Teihivenator macropus Cope 1868
G. †Theroplantigrada Casanovas Cladellas et al. 1993
+
†Theroplantigrada encisensis Casanovas Cladellas et al. 1993
G. †Timimus Rich and Vickers-Rich 1994
+
†Timimus hermani Rich and Vickers-Rich 1994
G. †Timurlengia Brusatte et al. 2016
+
†Timurlengia euotica Brusatte et al. 2016
Fm. †Tyrannosauridae Osborn 1906 [tyrannosaurid]
+
G. †Albertosaurus Osborn 1905 [Alberta lizard]
+
+
Invalid names: Albertosaurus arctunguis Parks 1928 [synonym]
G. †Gorgosaurus Lambe 1914
+
†Gorgosaurus libratus Lambe 1914
+
Invalid names: Dryptosaurus kenabekides Hay 1899 [synonym], Gorgosaurus sternbergi Matthew and Brown 1922 [synonym], Laelaps falculus Cope 1876 [synonym], Laelaps hazenianus Hay 1902 [synonym], Laelaps incrassatus Cope 1876 [synonym]
G. †Tarbosaurus Maleev 1955
+
†Tarbosaurus bataar Maleev 1955
+
Invalid names: Albertosaurus periculosus Riabinin 1930 [synonym], Gorgosaurus lancinator Maleev 1955 [synonym], Gorgosaurus novojilovi Maleev 1955 [synonym], Shanshanosaurus huoyanshanensis Dong 1977 [synonym], Tarbosaurus efremovi Maleev 1955 [synonym], Tyrannosaurus luanchuanensis Dong 1979 [synonym]
Invalid names: Jenghizkhan Olshevsky 1995 [synonym], Maleevosaurus Carpenter 1992 [synonym], Shanshanosaurus Dong 1977 [synonym]
Subfm. †Tyrannosaurinae Matthew and Brown 1922 [tyrannosaurine]
+
G. †Alioramus Kurzanov 1976
+
Invalid names: Qianzhousaurus Lü et al. 2014 [synonym]
G. †Asiatyrannus Zheng et al. 2024
Unr. †Daspletosaurini Voris et al. 2020
G. †Dynamoterror McDonald et al. 2018
G. †Lythronax Loewen et al. 2013
G. †Nanuqsaurus Fiorillo and Tykoski 2014
G. †Teratophoneus Carr et al. 2011
G. †Tyrannosaurus Osborn 1905 [tyrant lizard]
+
Invalid names: Dinotyrannus Olshevsky 1995 [synonym], Dynamosaurus Osborn 1905 [synonym], Manospondylus Cope 1892 [synonym], Nanotyrannus Bakker et al. 1988 [synonym], Stygivenator Olshevsky 1995 [synonym]
G. †Zhuchengtyrannus Hone et al. 2011
Invalid names: Shanshanosaurinae Olshevsky 1995 [synonym], Tarbosaurini Olshevsky et al. 1995 [empty], Tyrannosaurini Olshevsky et al. 1995 [empty], Tyrannosaurus zhuchengensis Hu et al. 2001 [nomen dubium]
Unr. †Tyrannosauripodidae McCrea et al. 2014
+
G. †Bellatoripes McCrea et al. 2014
G. †Tyrannosauripus Lockley and Hunt 1994
G. †Yezosaurus Muramoto and Obata 1977
+
†Yezosaurus mikasaensis Caldwell et al. 2008
Invalid names: Albertosaurinae Currie et al. 2003 [empty], Aublysodon Leidy 1868 [nomen dubium], Deinodontidae Brown 1914 [synonym], Ornithomimus grandis Marsh 1890 [nomen dubium]
G. †Xiongguanlong Li et al. 2009
+
†Xiongguanlong baimoensis Li et al. 2009
Invalid names: Alioramini Lü et al. 2014 [empty], Chingkankousaurus Young 1958 [nomen nudum], Deinodon Leidy 1856 [nomen dubium], Diplotomodon Leidy 1868 [nomen dubium], Tomodon horrificus Leidy 1865 [nomen dubium], Tyrannosaurus lanpingensis Yeh 1975 [nomen dubium]
G. †Xinjiangovenator Rauhut and Xu 2005
+
†Xinjiangovenator parvus Rauhut and Xu 2005
G. †Xiuningpus Yu 1998
+
Invalid names: Xiuningpus qukouensis Yu 1998 [nomen nudum]
G. †Zuolong Choiniere et al. 2010
+
†Zuolong salleei Choiniere et al. 2010
Invalid names: Calamospondylus Fox 1866 [nomen dubium], Megalosaurus lonzeensis Dollo 1883 [nomen dubium]
G. †Cruxicheiros Benson and Radley 2010
+
†Cruxicheiros newmanorum Benson and Radley 2010
G. †Cryolophosaurus Hammer and Hickerson 1994
+
†Cryolophosaurus ellioti Hammer and Hickerson 1994
G. †Gasosaurus Dong and Tang 1985
+
†Gasosaurus constructus Dong and Tang 1985
G. †Kaijiangosaurus He 1984
+
G. †Kayentavenator Gay 2010
+
Superfm. †Megalosauroidea Nopcsa 1928
+
Unr. †Megalosauria Bonaparte 1850
+
G. †Streptospondylus Meyer 1832
+
+
Invalid names: Laelaps gallicus Cope 1867 [synonym]
Fm. †Megalosauridae Fitzinger 1843
+
Subfm. †Afrovenatorinae Carrano et al. 2012
+
G. †Leshansaurus Li et al. 2009
+
†Leshansaurus qianweiensis Li et al. 2009
Subfm. †Eustreptospondylinae Paul 1988
+
G. †Afrovenator Sereno et al. 1994
+
†Afrovenator abakensis Sereno et al. 1994
G. †Dubreuillosaurus Allain 2005
+
G. †Eustreptospondylus Walker 1964
+
G. †Magnosaurus Huene 1932
+
Subg. †Megalosaurus (Poekilopleuron) Eudes-Deslongchamps 1837
+
†Poecilopleuron minor Owen 1878
†Poekilopleuron bucklandii Eudes-Deslongchamps 1837
+
Invalid names: Megalosaurus poikilopleuron Huene 1923 [objective synonym]
G. †Piveteausaurus Taquet and Welles 1977
+
Subfm. †Megalosaurinae Nopcsa 1928
+
G. †Duriavenator Benson 2008 [Dorset hunter]
+
†Duriavenator hesperis Waldman 1974
G. †Megalosaurus Parkinson 1822
+
Subg. †Megalosaurus (Deinodon) Leidy 1857
†Megalosaurus bucklandii Mantell 1827
Invalid names: Megalosaurus conybearei Ritgen 1826 [nomen nudum], Megalosaurus dunkeri Dames 1884 [nomen dubium]
G. †Torvosaurus Galton and Jensen 1979
+
†Torvosaurus gurneyi Hendrickx and Mateus 2014
†Torvosaurus tanneri Galton and Jensen 1979
+
Invalid names: Edmarka rex Bakker et al. 1992 [synonym]
Invalid names: Edmarka Bakker et al. 1992 [synonym], Megalosaurus ingens Janensch 1920 [nomen dubium]
G. †Wiehenvenator Rauhut et al. 2016
+
†Wiehenvenator albati Rauhut et al. 2016
Invalid names: Bahariasauridae Huene 1948 [synonym], Erectopodidae Huene 1932 [synonym], Megalosauridae Nopcsa 1901 [empty], Torvosauridae Jensen 1985 [synonym]
Fm. †Piatnitzkysauridae Carrano et al. 2012
+
G. †Condorraptor Rauhut 2005
+
†Condorraptor currumili Rauhut 2005
G. †Marshosaurus Madsen, Jr. 1976
+
†Marshosaurus bicentesimus Madsen, Jr. 1976
G. †Piatnitzkysaurus Bonaparte 1979
+
†Piatnitzkysaurus floresi Bonaparte 1979
G. †Xuanhanosaurus Dong 1984
+
G. †Sciurumimus Rauhut et al. 2012
+
†Sciurumimus albersdoerferi Rauhut et al. 2012
Fm. †Spinosauridae Stromer 1915
+
Subfm. †Baryonychinae Charig and Milner 1986
+
G. †Baryonyx Charig and Milner 1986
+
†Baryonyx walkeri Charig and Milner 1986
Unr. †Ceratosuchopsini Barker et al. 2021
+
G. †Ceratosuchops Barker et al. 2021
G. †Riparovenator Barker et al. 2021
G. †Suchomimus Sereno et al. 1998
G. †Protathlitis Santos-Cubedo et al. 2023
+
†Protathlitis cinctorrensis Santos-Cubedo et al. 2023
G. †Vallibonavenatrix Malafaia et al. 2019
+
†Vallibonavenatrix cani Malafaia et al. 2019
Invalid names: Cristatusaurus Taquet and Russell 1998 [nomen dubium], Suchosaurus Owen 1842 [nomen dubium]
G. †Iberospinus Mateus and Estraviz-López 2022
+
†Iberospinus natarioi Mateus and Estraviz-López 2022
Subfm. †Spinosaurinae Sereno et al. 1998
+
G. †Angaturama Kellner and Campos 1996
+
†Angaturama limai Kellner and Campos 1996
G. †Camarillasaurus Sánchez-Hernández and Benton 2014
+
†Camarillasaurus cirugedae Sánchez-Hernández and Benton 2014
G. †Ichthyovenator Allain et al. 2012
+
†Ichthyovenator laosensis Allain et al. 2012
G. †Irritator Martill et al. 1996
+
†Irritator challengeri Martill et al. 1996
G. †Oxalaia Kellner et al. 2011
+
†Oxalaia quilombensis Kellner et al. 2011
G. †Sigilmassasaurus Russell 1996
G. †Spinosaurus Stromer 1915
+
†Spinosaurus aegyptiacus Stromer 1915
+
Invalid names: Sigilmassasaurus brevicollis Russell 1996 [synonym], Spinosaurus marrocanus Russell 1996 [synonym]
Invalid names: Spinosaurini Arden et al. 2019 [empty]
Invalid names: Irritatoridae Martill et al. 1996 [synonym], Siamosaurus Buffetaut and Ingavat 1986 [nomen dubium], Sinopliosaurus fusuiensis Hou et al. 1975 [nomen dubium]
G. †Pandoravenator Rauhut and Pol 2017
+
†Pandoravenator fernandezorum Rauhut and Pol 2017
G. †Vectaerovenator Barker et al. 2020
+
†Vectaerovenator inopinatus Barker et al. 2020
G. †Yunyangosaurus Dai et al. 2020
+
†Yunyangosaurus puanensis Dai et al. 2020
Invalid names: Allosaurus medius Marsh 1888 [nomen dubium], Allosaurus tendagurensis Janensch 1925 [nomen dubium], Caudocoelus Huene 1932 [nomen dubium], Chienkosaurus Young 1942 [nomen dubium], Creosaurus potens Lull 1911 [nomen dubium], Dandakosaurus Yadagiri 1982 [nomen dubium], Eustreptospondylidae Paul 1988 [empty], Inosaurus Lapparent 1960 [nomen dubium], Megalosaurus pannoniensis Seeley 1881 [nomen dubium], Neotetanurae [empty], Orionides Carrano et al. 2012 [empty], Phaedrolosaurus Dong 1973 [nomen dubium], Prodeinodon Osborn 1924 [nomen dubium], Sinocoelurus Young 1942 [nomen dubium], Spinosauroidea Olshevsky 1995 [empty], Streptospondylus cuvieri Owen 1842 [nomen dubium], Teinurosaurus Nopcsa 1928 [nomen dubium], Torvosauroidea Sereno et al. 1994 [empty]
Diagnosis
ReferenceDiagnosis
J. R. Hutchinson and K. Padian 1997Tetanurae is diagnosed by numerous synapomorphies, including increased pneumaticity in the skull, a manus reduced to only three digits, a reduced fibula that is clasped by the tibia, an anteriorly placed horizontal groove on the astragalar condyles, an upper (maxillary) tooth row restricted to anterior to the eye socket, and an obturator notch on the ischium.
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: hydroxyapatiteo
Entire body: yeso
Adult length: 10 to < 100o
Adult width: 1.0 to < 10o
Adult height: 1.0 to < 10o
Maximum body mass: 10000 kgg
Minimum body mass: 300 gg
Architecture: compact or denseo
Ontogeny: accretion, modification of partso
Grouping: solitaryo
Environment: terrestrialo
Locomotion: actively mobileo
Life habit: ground dwellingo
Diet: carnivoreo
Reproduction: oviparouso
Dispersal: direct/internalo
Dispersal 2: mobileo
Created: 2004-12-14 12:50:08
Modified: 2004-12-14 14:50:08
Source: g = genus, o = order
References: Marsh 1875, Peczkis 1995

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Carnian to the top of the Holocene or 237.00000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 228.0 Ma

Collections (5932 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Carnian237.0 - 228.0Morocco (Marrakesh-Tensift-El Haouz) Coelurosauria indet. (219917)
Carnian237.0 - 228.0Germany (Thuringia) Coelurosauria indet. (207533)
Late/Upper Triassic237.0 - 201.4United Kingdom (England) Plesiothornipos binneyi (174686)
Norian228.0 - 208.5Lesotho (Maseru) Bosiutrisauropus phuthiatsani (56029)
Norian - Rhaetian228.0 - 201.3Lesotho (Mohale's Hoek) Mafatrisauropus errans, Trisauropodiscus superaviforma, Anomoepus sp. (56020)
Rhaetian208.5 - 201.3France (Franche-Comte) Megalosaurus sp. (90877)
Rhaetian208.5 - 201.3Germany (Sachsen-Anhalt) Carnosauria indet. (22684)
Early/Lower Jurassic201.4 - 174.7China (Xizang) Megalosaurus tibetensis (165590)
Early/Lower Jurassic201.4 - 174.7China (Shaanxi) Shanbeipus caudatus (224366)
Jurassic201.4 - 145.0Brazil (Pernambuco) Carcharodontosauria indet. (221511)
Jurassic201.4 - 145.0China (Jilin) Changpeipus carbonicus (60515)
Hettangian201.3 - 199.3China (Yunnan) Therizinosauroidea indet. (51909)
Hettangian201.3 - 199.3France (Occitanie) Mafatrisauropus gardonensis (58622)
Hettangian - Sinemurian201.3 - 190.8Lesotho (Quthing) Trisauropodiscus superavipes (84072)
Hettangian - Sinemurian201.3 - 190.8China (Xinjiang) Theropoda indet. (60504)
Hettangian - Sinemurian201.3 - 190.8Lesotho (Mohale's Hoek) Trisauropodiscus popompoi, Trisauropodiscus levis, Trisauropodiscus phasianiforma, Anomoepus sp. (56010)
Sinemurian199.3 - 190.8Lesotho (Leribe) Mafatrisauropus errans (56014)
Sinemurian199.3 - 190.8United Kingdom (England) Scelidosaurus harrisonii (52260)
Sinemurian - Pliensbachian199.3 - 182.7USA (Arizona) Tetanurae indet. (216645) Theropoda indet. (51899)
Sinemurian - Pliensbachian199.3 - 182.7Antarctica Tetanurae indet. (47135)