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Torvosaurus tanneri

Reptilia - Megalosauridae

Taxonomy

Torvosaurus tanneri was named by Galton and Jensen (1979). Its type specimen is BYU 2002 and is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Dry Mesa Quarry [BYU], which is in a Kimmeridgian/Tithonian channel sandstone in the Morrison Formation of Colorado.

It was recombined as Megalosaurus tanneri by Paul (1988).

Synonyms

Edmarka rex was named by Bakker et al. (1992). Its type specimen is TATE 1002, 1005-6, a partial skull (jugal, dorsal ribs, scapulocoracoid), and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Nail Quarry, Como Bluff, which is in a Kimmeridgian/Tithonian wet floodplain claystone in the Morrison Formation of Wyoming.

It was synonymized subjectively with Torvosaurus tanneri by Holtz et al. (2004), Carrano et al. (2012) and Hanson and Makovicky (2013).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1979	Torvosaurus tanneri Galton and Jensen
1981	Torvosaurus tanneri McIntosh p. 8
1988	Megalosaurus tanneri Paul p. 282
1990	Torvosaurus tanneri Molnar et al. p. 192
1991	Torvosaurus tanneri Miller et al. p. 31
1992	Edmarka rex Bakker et al. p. 2 figs. 1, 5, 7, 10, 12-15
1992	Torvosaurus tanneri Bakker et al. p. 2
1994	Torvosaurus tanneri Britt and Naylor p. 256
1996	Torvosaurus tanneri Molnar et al. p. 671
1997	Torvosaurus tanneri Smith p. 457
2000	Torvosaurus tanneri Chure p. 2
2000	Torvosaurus tanneri Foster and Chure p. 8 fig. 3
2003	Torvosaurus tanneri Rauhut p. 28
2004	Torvosaurus tanneri Holtz, Jr. et al. p. 72
2005	Torvosaurus tanneri Yates p. 118
2006	Torvosaurus tanneri Chure et al. p. 236
2006	Torvosaurus tanneri Hunt and Lucas p. 117
2006	Torvosaurus tanneri Langer and Benton p. 337 fig. 10
2006	Torvosaurus tanneri Mateus p. 227
2006	Edmarka rex Mateus p. 231
2006	Torvosaurus tanneri Mateus et al. p. 127
2007	Torvosaurus tanneri Gishlick and Gauthier p. 577
2007	Edmarka rex Sampson and Witmer p. 38
2007	Torvosaurus tanneri Sampson and Witmer p. 38
2010	Torvosaurus tanneri Mateus and Milàn p. 254
2011	Torvosaurus tanneri Hone et al. p. 502
2012	Torvosaurus tanneri Carrano et al. p. 244
2013	Torvosaurus tanneri Hanson and Makovicky p. 775
2014	Torvosaurus tanneri Cobos et al. p. 37
2014	Torvosaurus tanneri Dalman p. 161
2014	Torvosaurus tanneri Hendrickx and Mateus p. 8–9
2017	Torvosaurus tanneri Ezcurra p. 518
2019	Torvosaurus tanneri Brougham et al. p. 13
2020	Torvosaurus tanneri Rauhut et al. p. 2

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Deuterostomia
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1874
subphylum	Vertebrata
superclass	Gnathostomata
—	Osteichthyes	()
subclass	Sarcopterygii	()
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha	(Nelson 2006)
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha	()
—	Tetrapoda
—	Reptiliomorpha
—	Anthracosauria
subclass	Amphibiosauria	Kuhn 1967
—	Cotylosauria	()
—	Amniota
—	Sauropsida
class	Reptilia
subclass	Eureptilia	()
—	Romeriida

Rank	Name	Author
—	Diapsida	()
—	Archosauromorpha	(Huene 1946)
—	Crocopoda
—	Archosauriformes	Gauthier 1986
—	Eucrocopoda
—	Archosauria	()
informal	Avemetatarsalia
—	Ornithodira
—	Dinosauromorpha
—	Dinosauriformes
—	Dinosauria	()
—	Theropoda	()
—	Neotheropoda
—	Averostra	Paul 2002
—	Tetanurae
superfamily	Megalosauroidea	()
family	Megalosauridae	()
subfamily	Megalosaurinae
genus	Torvosaurus
species	tanneri

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

†Torvosaurus tanneri Galton and Jensen 1979

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Invalid names: Edmarka rex Bakker et al. 1992 [synonym]

Diagnosis

Reference	Diagnosis
R. T. Bakker et al. 1992 (Edmarka rex)	Diagnosis for genus and species: Closest to Torvosaurus tanneri but differs in retaining the primitive condition of a jugal that is thin medial-laterally, relatively longer and lower in lateral view, and with an orbital margin that is wider front-to-back. Further differs in the derived character of a much wider postorbital process on the jugal, with an enlarged, recessed facet on the outer surface for an expanded ventral ramus of the postorbital.
M. T. Carrano et al. 2012	Megalosauroid with: (1) very shallow maxillary fossa; (2) ‘fused’ paradental plates (Britt 1991); (3) pronounced rim around anterior face of cervical centra (Britt 1991); (4) expanded fossae in posterior dorsal and anterior caudal vertebrae centra forming enlarged, deep openings (modified from Britt 1991) that we interpret as pneumatic; (5) highly ossified puboischiadic plate (modified from Britt 1991); and (6) distal expansion of ischium with prominent lateral midline crest and oval outline in lateral view.
C. Hendrickx and O. Mateus 2014	Megalosauroid theropod with a protuberant ridge on the anterior part of the medial shelf, posterior to the anteromedial process, and an interdental wall falling short relative to the lateral wall (i.e., ventral margin of the interdental wall much more dorsal than the ventral margin of the lateral wall) and formed by the fusion of interdental plates with broad V-shaped ventral margin.