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Rhamnaceae (buckthorn)
Taxonomy
Rhamnaceae was named by Jussieu (1789). It is extant.
It was assigned to Dicotyledones by Chandler (1961); to Centrospermae by Chandler (1963); to Rhamnales by Knowlton (1919), MacGinitie (1941), McIver and Basinger (1993) and Mabberley (2000); and to Rosales by Taylor et al. (2008), The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2016) and Zhou et al. (2020).
It was assigned to Dicotyledones by Chandler (1961); to Centrospermae by Chandler (1963); to Rhamnales by Knowlton (1919), MacGinitie (1941), McIver and Basinger (1993) and Mabberley (2000); and to Rosales by Taylor et al. (2008), The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2016) and Zhou et al. (2020).
Subtaxa
Alphitonia, Archaeopaliurus, Berchemia, Berchemiopsis, Berhamniphyllum, Ceanothus, Colubrina, Condalia, Emmenosperma, Eorhamnidium, Helobiaephyllum, Hovenia, Hoveniphyllum, Karwinskia, Lasiodiscus, Nothiantha, Notiantha, Paliurites, Paliurus, Phyliceae, Pomaderris, Pomaderrites, Protolotus, Reynosia, Rhamnacinium, Rhamneaepites, Rhamnella, Rhamnidium, Rhamnites, Rhamnospermum, Rhamnoxylon, Rhamnus, Suessenia, Ventilago, Ziziphus, Zizyphoxylon, Zizyphus
Synonymy list
Year | Name and author |
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1789 | Rhamnaceae Jussieu |
1919 | Rhamnaceae Knowlton |
1941 | Rhamnaceae MacGinitie |
1961 | Rhamnaceae Chandler p. 102 |
1963 | Rhamnaceae Chandler p. 100 |
1993 | Rhamnaceae McIver and Basinger |
2000 | Rhamnaceae Mabberley |
2008 | Rhamnaceae Taylor et al. p. 1029 |
2016 | Rhamnaceae The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group p. 16 |
2020 | Rhamnaceae Zhou et al. |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Fm. Rhamnaceae Jussieu 1789 [buckthorn]
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G. Alphitonia Reissek and Endlicher 1840
G. †Archaeopaliurus Correa et al. 2010
G. Berchemia Necker and de Candolle 1825
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†Berchemia balugoloaensis Lakhanpal 1967
Berchemia floribunda Wallich 1826
†Berchemia mellerae Collinson et al. 2012
†Berchemia nepalensis Prasad and Dwivedi 2008
Berchemia polyphylla Wallich 1875
†Berchemia priscaformis Berry 1916
†Berchemia siwalica Tripathi et al. 2002
G. †Berhamniphyllum Jones and Dilcher 1980
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†Berhamniphyllum claibornense Jones and Dilcher 1980
†Berhamniphyllum junrongiae Zhou et al. 2020
†Berhamniphyllum miofloribundum Hu and Chaney 1940
G. Ceanothus Linnaeus 1753 [ceanothus]
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Ceanothus americanus Linnaeus 1753
†Ceanothus constrictus Hollick 1906
†Ceanothus cretaceus Dawson 1882
†Ceanothus precrassifolius Axelrod 1939
†Ceanothus precuneatus Axelrod 1939
G. Emmenosperma Mueller 1862
G. †Eorhamnidium Berry 1919
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†Eorhamnidium cretaceum Berry 1919
†Eorhamnidium platyphylloides Lesquereux 1891
G. Lasiodiscus Hooker
G. †Nothiantha Jud et al. 2017
G. Paliurus Miller 1768
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†Paliurus affinis Heer 1892
†Paliurus anceps Lesquereux 1891
†Paliurus angustus Berry 1916
†Paliurus clarnensis Burge and Manchester 2008
†Paliurus colombi Heer 1868
†Paliurus coloradensis Lesquereux 1888
†Paliurus cretaceus Lesquereux 1891
†Paliurus favonii Unger 1847
†Paliurus florissanti Lesquereux 1873
†Paliurus haydeni Cockerell 1908
†Paliurus integrifolius Hollick 1894
†Paliurus minimus Knowlton 1899
†Paliurus mississippiensis Berry 1916
†Paliurus montanus Dawson 1885
†Paliurus neillii Dawson 1893
†Paliurus obovatus Lesquereux 1891
†Paliurus ovalis Dawson 1885
†Paliurus pealei Ward 1885
†Paliurus pinsonensis Berry 1916
†Paliurus populiferus Berry 1906
†Paliurus pulcherrimus Ward 1885
†Paliurus upatoiensis Berry 1914
†Paliurus zizyphoides Lesquereux 1878
Tr. Phyliceae Reissek 1840
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G. Pomaderris Labillardière 1805
G. Reynosia Grisebach 1866
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†Reynosia praenuntia Berry 1916
†Reynosia texana Penhallow 1907
†Reynosia wilcoxiana Berry 1916
G. †Rhamnacinium Felix 1894
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†Rhamnacinium affine Felix 1894
†Rhamnacinium porcupinianum Penhallow 1903
†Rhamnacinium radiatum Felix 1896
†Rhamnacinium texanum Penhallow 1907
†Rhamnacinium triseriatum Penhallow 1903
G. Rhamnella Miquel
G. †Rhamnites Forbes 1851
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†Rhamnites apiculatus Lesquereux 1891
†Rhamnites berchemiaformis Berry 1916
†Rhamnites cleburnii McIver and Basinger 1993
†Rhamnites concinnus Newberry 1868
†Rhamnites minor Hollick 1895
†Rhamnites mudgei Campbell 1961
†Rhamnites multinervatus Forbes 1851
G. Rhamnus Linnaeus 1753 [buckthorn]
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Rhamnus acuminatifolius Weber 1872
†Rhamnus acuta Heer 1882
†Rhamnus alaternoides Heer 1859
†Rhamnus belmontensis Knowlton and Cockerell 1919
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Invalid names: Rhamnus elegans Newberry 1868 [replaced]
Rhamnus californica Eschscholtz 1849
†Rhamnus calyptus MacGinitie 1941
†Rhamnus cleburni Lesquereux 1872
†Rhamnus coushatta Berry 1916
†Rhamnus crenatulus Knowlton and Cockerell 1919
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Invalid names: Rhamnus crenatus Lesquereux 1888 [replaced]
Rhamnus crenatus Sieboldt and Zuccarini 1843
†Rhamnus dechenii Weber 1852
†Rhamnus deformatus Lesquereux 1883
†Rhamnus deletus Heer 1871
Rhamnus elegans Humboldt et al. 1825
†Rhamnus eoligniticus Berry 1916
†Rhamnus eorectinervis Knowlton 1919
†Rhamnus eridani Unger 1850
†Rhamnus fischeri Lesquereux 1871
†Rhamnus florissantensis Cockerell 1908
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Invalid names: Rhamnus oleaefolius Lesquereux 1883 [replaced]
†Rhamnus gaudini Heer 1859
†Rhamnus goldianus Lesquereux 1872
Rhamnus hemsleyana Schneider 1908
†Rhamnus inaequilateralis Lesquereux 1892
Rhamnus intermedius Steudel and Hochstetter 1827
†Rhamnus kansensis Knowlton and Cockerell 1919
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Invalid names: Rhamnus prunifolius Lesquereux 1883 [replaced]
†Rhamnus kirchneri Cockerell 1906
†Rhamnus lesquereuxi Berry 1918
†Rhamnus marginatus Lesquereux 1860
†Rhamnus meriani Heer 1873
†Rhamnus mudgei Lesquereux 1891
†Rhamnus newberryi Knowlton and Cockerell 1919
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Invalid names: Rhamnus parvifolius Newberry 1882 [replaced]
†Rhamnus novaecaesareae Berry 1903
†Rhamnus obovatus Lesquereux 1868
Rhamnus parvifolia Bunge 1835
†Rhamnus plenus MacGinitie 1937
†Rhamnus precalifornica Axelrod 1939
Rhamnus prunifolius Sieber 1841
Rhamnus purshiana De Candolle 1860
†Rhamnus puryearensis Berry 1916
†Rhamnus quilchensis Penhallow 1908
†Rhamnus rectinervis Heer
†Rhamnus revoluta Lesquereux 1891
†Rhamnus salicifolius Lesquereux 1868
†Rhamnus similis Lesquereux 1891
†Rhamnus tenax Lesquereux 1868
Rhamnus utilis Decaisne 1857
Rhamnus virgata Roxburgh 1824
†Rhamnus washakiensis Cockerell 1908
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Invalid names: Rhamnus intermedius Lesquereux 1871 [replaced]
†Rhamnus williardi Knowlton 1916
†Rhamnus woottonensis Knowlton 1918
G. Ventilago Gaertner 1788
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†Ventilago miocalyculata Prasad et al. 2017
†Ventilago ovatus Konomatsu and Awasthi 1999
†Ventilago tistaensis Antal and Prasad 1997
G. Ziziphus Miller 1758
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†Ziziphus champarensis Lakhanpal and Awasthi 1984
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Invalid names: Zizyphus eocenus Upadhaye and Patil 1979 [synonym]
†Ziziphus palaeoapetala Antal and Prasad 1997
†Ziziphus rugosa Prasad 1994
†Ziziphus siwalicus Konomatsu and Awasthi 1996
G. †Zizyphoxylon Trivedi and Srivastava 1982
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†Zizyphoxylon mandlaensis Trivedi and Srivastava 1982
G. Zizyphus Miller 1758
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†Zizyphus beckwithii Lesquereux 1883
†Zizyphus californicus Knowlton and Cockerell 1919
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Invalid names: Zizyphus microphyllus Lesquereux 1878 [replaced]
†Zizyphus chubutensis Berry 1937
†Zizyphus cinnamomoides Lesquereux 1871
†Zizyphus cliffwoodensis Berry 1907
†Zizyphus dakotensis Lesquereux 1891
†Zizyphus distortus Lesquereux 1873
†Zizyphus elegans Hollick 1894
†Zizyphus falcatus Berry 1916
†Zizyphus fibrillosus Lesquereux 1872
†Zizyphus groenlandicus Heer 1883
†Zizyphus indicus Singh and Prakash 1980
†Zizyphus intertrappea Chitaley et al. 1970
†Zizyphus kathgodamensis Prasad 1994
†Zizyphus lamarensis Berry 1912
†Zizyphus laurifolius Berry 1914
†Zizyphus lesquereuxii Knowlton 1898
†Zizyphus lewisiana Hollick 1894
†Zizyphus longifolia Newberry 1882
†Zizyphus meekii Lesquereux 1872
†Zizyphus meigsii Lesquereux 1869
†Zizyphus miocenicus Prasad 1994
†Zizyphus oblongus Hollick 1906
†Zizyphus obtusa Kirchner 1898
†Zizyphus paliurifolius Knowlton 1918
†Zizyphus piperoides Lesquereux 1878
†Zizyphus serrulatus Ward 1885
†Zizyphus siwalicus Lakhanpal 1965
†Zizyphus townsendi Knowlton 1894
Invalid names: Zizyphus ambabagholiense Gayakwad 1986 [nomen nudum]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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Source: p = phylum | |||||
Reference: Kiessling 2009 |
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Early/Lower Albian to the top of the Holocene or 112.03000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 109.0 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 109.0 Ma
Collections (341 total)
Oldest occurrences | |||
Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
---|---|---|---|
Albian - Cenomanian | Russian Federation | Zizyphus sp. (34796) | |
Early/Lower Albian | Myanmar (Sagaing) | Eophylica priscastellata (227278) | |
Late/Upper Cretaceous | USA (Wyoming) | Rhamnus minutus (34974) | |
Late/Upper Cretaceous | India (Meghalaya) | Rhamneaepites minuta (224615) | |
Early/Lower Cenomanian | Myanmar (Kachin) | Eophylica priscastellata, Phylica piloburmensis (227277) | |
Early/Lower Cenomanian | Canada (Alberta) | Zizyphus mcgregori (35072) | |
Coniacian - Campanian | Canada (British Columbia) | Rhamnites eminens (35188 35207 35210 35214 35217 35219) Rhamnites eminens, Zizyphus areolatus (35203 35204 35218) Rhamnites eminens, Zizyphus cretaceus (35193) Rhamnites eminens, Zizyphus cretaceus, Zizyphus neillii (35189) Zizyphus areolatus (35209 35211) Zizyphus cretaceus (35176 35184 35196) Zizyphus cretaceus, Zizyphus neillii (35177 35186) | |
Late/Upper Coniacian - Santonian | USA (Georgia) | Paliurus upatoiensis, Zizyphus laurifolius (28321) | |
Late/Upper Campanian | USA (New Mexico) | Rhamnus sp., Zizyphus sp. (34975) | |
Late/Upper Campanian | Mexico | Rhamnaceae indet. (116342) | |
Maastrichtian | USA (North Dakota) | Rhamnus cleburni (99589) Rhamnus salicifolius (96781) | |
Lancian | USA (North Dakota) | Rhamnaceae HC261 (25909 25911) Rhamnaceae HC261, Rhamnus cleburni (25910 48218) Rhamnaceae HC261, Ziziphus fibrillosus (48185) Rhamnaceae HC261, Ziziphus fibrillosus, Rhamnus cleburni (25914 25915 48191 48273) Rhamnus cleburni (48181 48196 48203 48205 48206 48212 48214 48216 48220 48224 48225 48231 48232 48276 48280 48281 48286) Ziziphus fibrillosus (25918 48183 48184 48186) Ziziphus fibrillosus, Rhamnus cleburni (48272) | |
Lancian | USA (Wyoming) | Rhamnus hirsuta (14514) | |
Lancian | USA (South Dakota) | Ziziphus fibrillosus, Rhamnus cleburni (48193) | |
Late/Upper Maastrichtian | USA (Montana) | Rhamnus cleburni (60169) | |
Late/Upper Maastrichtian | Colombia (Boyaca) | Berhamniphyllum sp., Archaeopaliurus boyacensis (122075) | |
Late/Upper Maastrichtian | USA (Wyoming) | Paliurus minimus, Paliurus zizyphoides (35577) Rhamnus hirsuta (45846) Rhamnus minutus (34969) | |
Puercan | USA (Wyoming) | Rhamnus cleburni (11366) | |
Early/Lower Paleocene | USA (Montana) | Rhamnus cleburni (53958) Rhamnus hirsuta (53692 53957) | |
Early/Lower Paleocene | USA (Colorado) | Zizyphus fibrillosus (129226) |