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Malvaceae (mallow)
Taxonomy
Malvaceae was named by de Jussieu (1789). It is extant.
It was assigned to Malvales by Knowlton (1919), Knowlton (1926), Mabberley (2000), Xie and Manchester (2014), Li and Oskolski (2015) and The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2016).
It was assigned to Malvales by Knowlton (1919), Knowlton (1926), Mabberley (2000), Xie and Manchester (2014), Li and Oskolski (2015) and The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2016).
Subtaxa
Abutilon, Apeiba, Aristotelicaulon, Bombaciphyllum, Bombacoxylon, Daberocarpon, Discoidites, Dombeyoideae, Firmiana, Guazuma, Heritieroxylon, Hibiscoxylon, Hibiscus, Hightea, Luehea, Malva, Malvacarpus, Malvacearumpollis, Malvaciphyllum, Malvastrum, Malvocarpon, Manihotites, Mortoniodendron, Sterculia, Sterculites, Urena, Wataria, Wheeleroxylon
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
Year | Name and author |
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1789 | Malvaceae de Jussieu |
1919 | Malvaceae Knowlton |
1926 | Malvaceae Knowlton |
1986 | Aristotelicaulon Sheikh et al. |
2000 | Malvaceae Mabberley |
2014 | Malvaceae Xie and Manchester |
2015 | Malvaceae Li and Oskolski |
2016 | Malvaceae The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group p. 18 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Fm. Malvaceae de Jussieu 1789 [mallow]
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G. Abutilon Miller 1754
G. Apeiba Aublet 1775
G. †Discoidites Muller
Subfm. Dombeyoideae Beilschmied
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G. Burretiodendron Rehder 1936
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†Burretiodendron miocenicum Lebreton Anberrée and Zhou 2015
†Burretiodendron parvifructum Lebreton Anberrée and Zhou 2015
G. Guazuma Miller 1754
G. †Hibiscoxylon Kraeusel 1939
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†Hibiscoxylon intertrappeum Trivedi and Ambwani 1971
†Hibiscoxylon niloticum Kraeusel 1939
Invalid names: Hibiscoxylon mohgaoense Paradkar and Soman 1972 [nomen nudum]
G. †Hightea Bowerbank 1840
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†Hightea attenuata Bowerbank 1840
†Hightea elegans Bowerbank 1840
†Hightea elliptica Bowerbank 1840
†Hightea fusiformis Bowerbank 1840
†Hightea inflata Bowerbank 1840
†Hightea minima Bowerbank 1840
†Hightea orbicularis Bowerbank 1840
†Hightea oviformis Bowerbank 1840
†Hightea turbinata Bowerbank 1840
†Hightea turgida Bowerbank 1840
G. Luehea Schmidt 1793
G. †Malvacearumpollis Nagy
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†Malvacearumpollis indicus Mathur and Chopra 1987
†Malvacearumpollis pleistocenicus Mathur and Chopra 1987
G. †Malvaciphyllum Anzótegui and Cristalli 2000
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†Malvaciphyllum macondicus Carvalho et al. 2011
†Malvaciphyllum quenquiadensis Anzótegui and Cristalli 2000
G. Mortoniodendron Standley and Steyermark 1938
G. Sterculia Linnaeus 1753 [tropical chestnut]
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†Sterculia acuminalobata Berry 1937
†Sterculia acuminataloba Berry 1937
†Sterculia aperta Lesquereux 1883
†Sterculia berryana Knowlton 1918
†Sterculia cliffwoodensis Berry 1903
†Sterculia coriacea Knowlton 1918
†Sterculia elegans Fontaine 1889
†Sterculia engleri Kirchner 1898
†Sterculia kathgodamense Prasad 1994
†Sterculia lineariloba Lesquereux 1874
†Sterculia lugubris Lesquereux 1883
†Sterculia minima Berry 1906
†Sterculia mioensifolia Prasad and Pandey 2008
†Sterculia mucronata Lesquereux 1891
†Sterculia patagonica Menéndez 1959
†Sterculia platanoides Menéndez 1959
†Sterculia prelabrusca Hollick 1906
†Sterculia premontana Prasad and Pandey 2006
†Sterculia puryearensis Berry 1916
†Sterculia reticulata Lesquereux 1891
†Sterculia rigida Lesquereux 1883
†Sterculia saportanea Knowlton 1898
†Sterculia tertiara Shashi et al. 2006
†Sterculia tripartita Lesquereux 1874
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Invalid names: Sterculia obtusiloba Lesquereux 1883 [synonym]
†Sterculia vetustula Dawson 1885
†Sterculia washburnii Berry 1928
Invalid names: Sterculia mohgaonsis Patki and Paradkar 1986 [nomen nudum]
G. †Sterculites Dawson 1888
Invalid names: Aristotelicaulon Sheikh et al. 1986 [nomen nudum]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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Source: p = phylum | |||||
Reference: Kiessling 2009 |
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Middle Albian to the top of the Holocene or 109.00000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 100.5 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 100.5 Ma
Collections (156 total)
Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
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Cretaceous | Argentina (Chubut) | Sterculia patagonica, Sterculia platanoides (153393) | |
Albian | USA (Kansas) | Sterculia towneri (102713 102714 102720 102992) Sterculia towneri, Sterculia mucronata (29018 102722) | |
Middle Albian - Late/Upper Albian | USA (Wyoming) | Sterculia mucronata (31186) | |
Middle Albian - Late/Upper Albian | USA (Virginia) | Sterculia elegans (106317) | |
Late/Upper Cretaceous | USA (Wyoming) | Sterculia towneri (31383) | |
Early/Lower Cenomanian | Canada (British Columbia) | Sterculia aperta (31904) | |
Late/Upper Coniacian - Santonian | USA (Georgia) | Manihotites georgiana (28321) | |
Early/Lower Campanian | USA (Wyoming) | Manihotites georgiana (27314) | |
Late/Upper Campanian - Early/Lower Maastrichtian | Mexico | Wheeleroxylon atascosense (116346) | |
Late/Upper Campanian - Early/Lower Maastrichtian | Antarctica | Sterculia washburnii (150273) | |
Late/Upper Campanian - Early/Lower Maastrichtian | USA (Georgia) | Manihotites georgiana (212693) | |
Danian | Argentina (Chubut) | Malvaceae SA 058, Sterculia acuminataloba (133752 133753) | |
Paleocene | Argentina (Chubut) | Sterculia acuminataloba (167857) | |
Paleogene | India (Maharashtra) | Aristotelicaulon nagpurii (227844) Hibiscoxylon intertrappeum (224626) | |
Paleogene | India (Madhya Pradesh) | Daberocarpon gerhardii, Hibiscoxylon mohgaoense, Sterculia mohgaonsis (224606) | |
Middle Paleocene - Late/Upper Paleocene | Colombia | Malvaceae CJ17, Malvaceae CJ25, Malvaceae CJ36 (134513 134515) Malvaceae CJ25 (134748 134749 134754 134758) Malvaceae CJ25, Malvaceae CJ36 (134746) | |
Middle Paleocene - Late/Upper Paleocene | Colombia (Guajira) | Malvaciphyllum macondicus (133598) | |
Ypresian | United Kingdom (England) | Hightea elliptica (21249) Hightea elliptica, Hightea elegans, Hightea attenuata, Hightea fusiformis, Hightea inflata, Hightea oviformis, Hightea turbinata, Hightea orbicularis, Hightea minima, Hightea turgida (22811) Hightea elliptica, Hightea turgida (22806) | |
Early/Lower Eocene - Late/Upper Miocene | Argentina | Malvacarpus guinazui, Sterculia guinazui, Sterculia washburnii, Sterculia patagonica (32201) | |
Bridgerian | USA (Wyoming) | Sterculia coloradensis (21389) | |
Middle Eocene - Late/Upper Eocene | China (Liaoning) | Firmiana sp. (223815) | |
Bartonian | Myanmar (Sagaing) | Discoidites sp., Discoidites angulosus, Discoidites pilosus (227631) | |
Bartonian | Myanmar (Magway Division) | Heritieroxylon arunachalensis (83522) | |
Bartonian | Myanmar | Bombacoxylon pondaungense (78057) | |
Chadronian | USA (Colorado) | Sterculia rigida (24209) | |
Late/Upper Eocene | Myanmar (Sagaing) | Discoidites angulosus (227698 227709) Discoidites angulosus, Discoidites pilosus (227710) Discoidites borneensis (227651) Discoidites pilosus (227724) Discoidites sp. (227634 227646 227647 227648 227652 227662 227666 227668 227669 227673 227675 227714 227804 227806) Discoidites sp., Discoidites angulosus (227632 227665 227676 227720 227780) Discoidites sp., Discoidites angulosus, Discoidites borneensis (227674 227700 227801) Discoidites sp., Discoidites angulosus, Discoidites borneensis, Discoidites pilosus (227671 227672 227782) Discoidites sp., Discoidites angulosus, Discoidites pilosus (227663 227667 227699 227800 227803) Discoidites sp., Discoidites borneensis (227664 227784 227788) Discoidites sp., Discoidites pilosus (227649 227721 227785 227787) | |
Early/Lower Oligocene | Japan (Fukuoka) | Wataria oligocenica (224520) | |
Early/Lower Oligocene | Peru (Piura) | Malvacarpus octolocolus (64545) | |
Late/Upper Oligocene - Middle Miocene | Argentina (Tierra del Fuego) | Malvacearumpollis mannanensis (169381) | |
Miocene - Oligocene | Peru | Malvacarpus octoloculus (139872) | |
Early/Lower Miocene | Brazil (Para) | Apeiba pulchra (112580) | |
Early/Lower Miocene | Panama | Malvaceae indet. (32390 32391 32392 32393 32395 32396 32397 32399 32400 32401) Malvaceae indet., Guazuma sp. (32394) | |
Early/Lower Miocene - Middle Miocene | China (Yunnan) | Burretiodendron parvifructum, Burretiodendron miocenicum (224412) | |
Early/Lower Miocene - Late/Upper Miocene | Argentina (Chubut) | Sterculia patagonica (32098) | |
Early/Lower Miocene - Late/Upper Miocene | Argentina (Santa Cruz) | Sterculia washburnii (31545) | |
Miocene | USA (Washington) | Malva hesperia (224391) | |
Miocene | USA (Montana) | Sterculia wilcoxiana (23973) | |
Miocene | China (Fujian) | Sterculia sp. (223929) | |
Miocene | USA (Massachusetts) | Malvaceae indet. (231824) | |
Early/Lower Miocene - Late/Upper Pliocene | Peru (Loreto) | Guazuma teriaria (31226) | |
Miocene - Pliocene | India (Bihar) | Urena palaeolobata (223029) | |
Miocene - Pliocene | India (Uttarakhand) | Sterculia tertiara (222808) | |
Miocene - Pliocene | Nepal | Sterculia mioensifolia, Sterculia premontana (222975) | |
Burdigalian | China (Shandong) | Firmiana sinomiocenica (223803) | |
Middle Miocene | India (Arunachal Pradesh) | Heritieroxylon arunachalensis (224743) | |
Middle Miocene | India (Uttarakhand) | Sterculia kathgodamense (222797) | |
Middle Miocene | Bhutan | Sterculia miocenica (223595) | |
Middle Miocene | Australia (New south wales) | Malvacearumpollis sp. (168994) | |
Middle Miocene | Argentina (Catamarca) | Malvaciphyllum quenquiadensis (138962) | |
Middle Miocene | China (Yunnan) | Wataria yunnanica (224410) | |
Middle Miocene | Argentina (Tucumán) | Malvaciphyllum quenquiadensis (137296) | |
Tortonian | Panama | Malvaceae indet. (187583) | |
Late/Upper Miocene | China (Yunnan) | Burretiodendron parvifructum (224413) Firmiana yunnanensis (222695) | |
Pliocene | Panama | Malvaceae indet. (32306 32307 32308 32312) Mortoniodendron sp. (32304) | |
Pliocene | Brazil (Maranhão ) | Malvaciphyllum sp. (137300) | |
Pliocene | Portugal | Mortoniodendron sp. (232125 232148) | |
Early/Lower Pleistocene | Australia (Victoria) | Malvaceae indet. (172874 172880 172881 172882 172884) | |
Pleistocene | India (West Bengal) | Malvaceae indet. (224677 228819) | |
Pleistocene | India (Jammu and Kashmir) | Malvaceae indet. (228772) | |
Pleistocene | Congo-Kinshasa | Malvaceae indet. (22117) | |
Pleistocene | Australia (Queensland) | Malvaceae indet. (168889) | |
Quaternary | India (Rajasthan) | Malvaceae indet., Sterculia sp. (228811) Sterculia sp. (228812) | |
Quaternary | India (Tamil Nadu) | Malvaceae indet. (228848) | |
Quaternary | India (West Bengal) | Malvaceae indet. (228794 228821) | |
Quaternary | India (Uttarakhand) | Malvaceae indet. (228809) | |
Quaternary | India (Himachal Pradesh) | Malvaceae indet. (228761 228776) | |
Calabrian - Holocene | Congo-Kinshasa | Malvaceae indet. (22072) | |
Late/Upper Pleistocene | India (Assam) | Malvaceae indet. (228759) | |
Holocene | India (Uttarakhand) | Malvaceae indet. (228762 228773) | |
Holocene | Argentina (Buenos Aires) | Malvaceae sp. (136951) | |
Holocene | India (Uttar Pradesh) | Malvaceae indet. (228820) | |
Holocene | Bahamas (Great Abaco Island) | Abutilon sp., Hibiscus sp. (144662) | |
Holocene | India (Tamil Nadu) | Malvaceae indet. (228788) | |
Holocene | India (West Bengal) | Malvaceae indet. (228796) | |
Holocene | New Zealand (South Island) | Malvaceae indet. (215612) |