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Malvaceae (mallow)

Angiospermae - Malvales - Malvaceae

Synonyms
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1789Malvaceae de Jussieu
1919Malvaceae Knowlton
1926Malvaceae Knowlton
1986Aristotelicaulon Sheikh et al.
2000Malvaceae Mabberley
2014Malvaceae Xie and Manchester
2015Malvaceae Li and Oskolski
2016Malvaceae The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group p. 18

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomPlantae
phylumSpermatophyta
classAngiospermae
Rosids
Eurosids
RankNameAuthor
Malvids
orderMalvales
familyMalvaceaede Jussieu 1789
familyMalvaceaede Jussieu 1789

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Fm. Malvaceae de Jussieu 1789 [mallow]
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G. Abutilon Miller 1754
G. Apeiba Aublet 1775
G. †Bombaciphyllum Engelhardt 1891
+
Bombaciphyllum opacum Engelhardt 1891
G. †Bombacoxylon Gottwald 1969
+
Bombacoxylon pondaungense Licht et al. 2014
G. †Daberocarpon Chitaley and Sheikh 1973
+
Daberocarpon gerhardii Chitaley and Sheikh 1973
G. †Discoidites Muller
Subfm. Dombeyoideae Beilschmied
+
G. Burretiodendron Rehder 1936
+
Burretiodendron miocenicum Lebreton Anberrée and Zhou 2015
Burretiodendron parvifructum Lebreton Anberrée and Zhou 2015
G. Firmiana Marsili 1786
+
Firmiana yunnanensis Xie and Manchester 2014
G. Guazuma Miller 1754
G. †Heritieroxylon Lakhanpal et al. 1981
+
Heritieroxylon arunachalensis Lakhanpal et al. 1981
G. †Hibiscoxylon Kraeusel 1939
+
Hibiscoxylon intertrappeum Trivedi and Ambwani 1971
Hibiscoxylon niloticum Kraeusel 1939
Invalid names: Hibiscoxylon mohgaoense Paradkar and Soman 1972 [nomen nudum]
G. Hibiscus Linnaeus 1753
+
Hibiscus tiliaceus Linnaeus 1753
G. †Hightea Bowerbank 1840
+
Hightea attenuata Bowerbank 1840
Hightea elegans Bowerbank 1840
Hightea elliptica Bowerbank 1840
Hightea fusiformis Bowerbank 1840
Hightea inflata Bowerbank 1840
Hightea minima Bowerbank 1840
Hightea orbicularis Bowerbank 1840
Hightea oviformis Bowerbank 1840
Hightea turbinata Bowerbank 1840
Hightea turgida Bowerbank 1840
G. Luehea Schmidt 1793
G. Malva Linnaeus 1753
+
Malva hesperia Knowlton 1926
G. †Malvacarpus Berry 1925
+
Malvacarpus tertiarius Berry 1925
G. †Malvacearumpollis Nagy
+
Malvacearumpollis indicus Mathur and Chopra 1987
Malvacearumpollis pleistocenicus Mathur and Chopra 1987
G. †Malvaciphyllum Anzótegui and Cristalli 2000
+
Malvaciphyllum macondicus Carvalho et al. 2011
Malvaciphyllum quenquiadensis Anzótegui and Cristalli 2000
G. Malvastrum Gray 1848
+
Malvastrum exhumatum Cockerell 1906
G. †Malvocarpon Hollick 1928
+
Malvocarpon clarum Hollick 1928
G. †Manihotites Berry 1910
+
Manihotites georgiana Berry 1910
G. Mortoniodendron Standley and Steyermark 1938
G. Sterculia Linnaeus 1753 [tropical chestnut]
+
Sterculia aperta Lesquereux 1883
Sterculia berryana Knowlton 1918
Sterculia coriacea Knowlton 1918
Sterculia elegans Fontaine 1889
Sterculia engleri Kirchner 1898
Sterculia kathgodamense Prasad 1994
Sterculia lineariloba Lesquereux 1874
Sterculia lugubris Lesquereux 1883
Sterculia minima Berry 1906
Sterculia mioensifolia Prasad and Pandey 2008
Sterculia mucronata Lesquereux 1891
Sterculia patagonica Menéndez 1959
Sterculia platanoides Menéndez 1959
Sterculia prelabrusca Hollick 1906
Sterculia premontana Prasad and Pandey 2006
Sterculia puryearensis Berry 1916
Sterculia reticulata Lesquereux 1891
Sterculia rigida Lesquereux 1883
Sterculia saportanea Knowlton 1898
Sterculia snowii Lesquereux 1891
+
Invalid names: Sterculia drakei Cummins 1891 [synonym]
Sterculia tertiara Shashi et al. 2006
Sterculia tripartita Lesquereux 1874
+
Invalid names: Sterculia obtusiloba Lesquereux 1883 [synonym]
Sterculia vetustula Dawson 1885
Sterculia washburnii Berry 1928
Invalid names: Sterculia mohgaonsis Patki and Paradkar 1986 [nomen nudum]
G. †Sterculites Dawson 1888
G. Urena Linnaeus 1753
+
Urena palaeolobata Awasthi and Lakhanpal 1990
G. †Wataria Terada and Suzuki 1998
+
Wataria yunnanica Li and Oskolski 2015
G. †Wheeleroxylon Estrada-Ruiz et al. 2010
+
Wheeleroxylon atascosense Estrada-Ruiz et al. 2010
Invalid names: Aristotelicaulon Sheikh et al. 1986 [nomen nudum]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Diet: "photoautotroph"p
Created: 2011-07-22 00:04:15
Modified: 2011-07-21 09:04:15
Source: p = phylum
Reference: Kiessling 2009

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Middle Albian to the top of the Holocene or 109.00000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 100.5 Ma

Collections (156 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Cretaceous145.0 - 66.0Argentina (Chubut) Sterculia patagonica, Sterculia platanoides (153393)
Albian113.0 - 100.5USA (Kansas) Sterculia towneri (102713 102714 102720 102992) Sterculia towneri, Sterculia mucronata (29018 102722)
Middle Albian - Late/Upper Albian109.0 - 99.6USA (Wyoming) Sterculia mucronata (31186)
Middle Albian - Late/Upper Albian109.0 - 99.6USA (Virginia) Sterculia elegans (106317)
Late/Upper Cretaceous100.5 - 66.0USA (Wyoming) Sterculia towneri (31383)
Early/Lower Cenomanian99.6 - 93.5Canada (British Columbia) Sterculia aperta (31904)
Late/Upper Coniacian - Santonian89.3 - 83.6USA (Georgia) Manihotites georgiana (28321)
Early/Lower Campanian83.5 - 70.6USA (Wyoming) Manihotites georgiana (27314)
Late/Upper Campanian - Early/Lower Maastrichtian83.5 - 66.0Mexico Wheeleroxylon atascosense (116346)
Late/Upper Campanian - Early/Lower Maastrichtian83.5 - 66.0Antarctica Sterculia washburnii (150273)
Late/Upper Campanian - Early/Lower Maastrichtian83.5 - 66.0USA (Georgia) Manihotites georgiana (212693)
Danian66.0 - 61.6Argentina (Chubut) Malvaceae SA 058, Sterculia acuminataloba (133752 133753)
Paleocene66.0 - 56.0Argentina (Chubut) Sterculia acuminataloba (167857)
Paleogene66.0 - 23.03India (Maharashtra) Aristotelicaulon nagpurii (227844) Hibiscoxylon intertrappeum (224626)
Paleogene66.0 - 23.03India (Madhya Pradesh) Daberocarpon gerhardii, Hibiscoxylon mohgaoense, Sterculia mohgaonsis (224606)
Middle Paleocene - Late/Upper Paleocene61.7 - 55.8Colombia Malvaceae CJ17, Malvaceae CJ25, Malvaceae CJ36 (134513 134515) Malvaceae CJ25 (134748 134749 134754 134758) Malvaceae CJ25, Malvaceae CJ36 (134746)
Middle Paleocene - Late/Upper Paleocene61.7 - 55.8Colombia (Guajira) Malvaciphyllum macondicus (133598)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8United Kingdom (England) Hightea elliptica (21249) Hightea elliptica, Hightea elegans, Hightea attenuata, Hightea fusiformis, Hightea inflata, Hightea oviformis, Hightea turbinata, Hightea orbicularis, Hightea minima, Hightea turgida (22811) Hightea elliptica, Hightea turgida (22806)
Early/Lower Eocene - Late/Upper Miocene55.8 - 5.333Argentina Malvacarpus guinazui, Sterculia guinazui, Sterculia washburnii, Sterculia patagonica (32201)
Bridgerian50.3 - 46.2USA (Wyoming) Sterculia coloradensis (21389)
Middle Eocene - Late/Upper Eocene47.8 - 33.9China (Liaoning) Firmiana sp. (223815)
Bartonian41.3 - 38.0Myanmar (Sagaing) Discoidites sp., Discoidites angulosus, Discoidites pilosus (227631)
Bartonian41.3 - 38.0Myanmar (Magway Division) Heritieroxylon arunachalensis (83522)
Bartonian41.3 - 38.0Myanmar Bombacoxylon pondaungense (78057)
Chadronian37.2 - 33.9USA (Colorado) Sterculia rigida (24209)
Late/Upper Eocene37.2 - 33.9Myanmar (Sagaing) Discoidites angulosus (227698 227709) Discoidites angulosus, Discoidites pilosus (227710) Discoidites borneensis (227651) Discoidites pilosus (227724) Discoidites sp. (227634 227646 227647 227648 227652 227662 227666 227668 227669 227673 227675 227714 227804 227806) Discoidites sp., Discoidites angulosus (227632 227665 227676 227720 227780) Discoidites sp., Discoidites angulosus, Discoidites borneensis (227674 227700 227801) Discoidites sp., Discoidites angulosus, Discoidites borneensis, Discoidites pilosus (227671 227672 227782) Discoidites sp., Discoidites angulosus, Discoidites pilosus (227663 227667 227699 227800 227803) Discoidites sp., Discoidites borneensis (227664 227784 227788) Discoidites sp., Discoidites pilosus (227649 227721 227785 227787)
Early/Lower Oligocene33.9 - 28.4Japan (Fukuoka) Wataria oligocenica (224520)
Early/Lower Oligocene33.9 - 28.4Peru (Piura) Malvacarpus octolocolus (64545)
Late/Upper Oligocene - Middle Miocene28.4 - 11.608Argentina (Tierra del Fuego) Malvacearumpollis mannanensis (169381)
Miocene - Oligocene23.03 - 23.03Peru Malvacarpus octoloculus (139872)
Early/Lower Miocene23.03 - 15.97Brazil (Para) Apeiba pulchra (112580)
Early/Lower Miocene23.03 - 15.97Panama Malvaceae indet. (32390 32391 32392 32393 32395 32396 32397 32399 32400 32401) Malvaceae indet., Guazuma sp. (32394)
Early/Lower Miocene - Middle Miocene23.03 - 11.608China (Yunnan) Burretiodendron parvifructum, Burretiodendron miocenicum (224412)
Early/Lower Miocene - Late/Upper Miocene23.03 - 5.333Argentina (Chubut) Sterculia patagonica (32098)
Early/Lower Miocene - Late/Upper Miocene23.03 - 5.333Argentina (Santa Cruz) Sterculia washburnii (31545)
Miocene23.03 - 5.333USA (Washington) Malva hesperia (224391)
Miocene23.03 - 5.333USA (Montana) Sterculia wilcoxiana (23973)
Miocene23.03 - 5.333China (Fujian) Sterculia sp. (223929)
Miocene23.03 - 5.333USA (Massachusetts) Malvaceae indet. (231824)
Early/Lower Miocene - Late/Upper Pliocene23.03 - 2.588Peru (Loreto) Guazuma teriaria (31226)
Miocene - Pliocene23.03 - 2.588India (Bihar) Urena palaeolobata (223029)
Miocene - Pliocene23.03 - 2.588India (Uttarakhand) Sterculia tertiara (222808)
Miocene - Pliocene23.03 - 2.588Nepal Sterculia mioensifolia, Sterculia premontana (222975)
Burdigalian20.44 - 15.97China (Shandong) Firmiana sinomiocenica (223803)
Middle Miocene15.97 - 11.608India (Arunachal Pradesh) Heritieroxylon arunachalensis (224743)
Middle Miocene15.97 - 11.608India (Uttarakhand) Sterculia kathgodamense (222797)
Middle Miocene15.97 - 11.608Bhutan Sterculia miocenica (223595)
Middle Miocene15.97 - 11.608Australia (New south wales) Malvacearumpollis sp. (168994)
Middle Miocene15.97 - 11.608Argentina (Catamarca) Malvaciphyllum quenquiadensis (138962)
Middle Miocene15.97 - 11.608China (Yunnan) Wataria yunnanica (224410)
Middle Miocene15.97 - 11.608Argentina (Tucumán) Malvaciphyllum quenquiadensis (137296)
Tortonian11.62 - 7.246Panama Malvaceae indet. (187583)
Late/Upper Miocene11.608 - 5.333China (Yunnan) Burretiodendron parvifructum (224413) Firmiana yunnanensis (222695)
Pliocene5.333 - 2.588Panama Malvaceae indet. (32306 32307 32308 32312) Mortoniodendron sp. (32304)
Pliocene5.333 - 2.588Brazil (Maranhão ) Malvaciphyllum sp. (137300)
Pliocene5.333 - 2.588Portugal Mortoniodendron sp. (232125 232148)
Early/Lower Pleistocene2.588 - 0.781Australia (Victoria) Malvaceae indet. (172874 172880 172881 172882 172884)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117India (West Bengal) Malvaceae indet. (224677 228819)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117India (Jammu and Kashmir) Malvaceae indet. (228772)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117Congo-Kinshasa Malvaceae indet. (22117)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117Australia (Queensland) Malvaceae indet. (168889)
Quaternary2.58 - 0.0India (Rajasthan) Malvaceae indet., Sterculia sp. (228811) Sterculia sp. (228812)
Quaternary2.58 - 0.0India (Tamil Nadu) Malvaceae indet. (228848)
Quaternary2.58 - 0.0India (West Bengal) Malvaceae indet. (228794 228821)
Quaternary2.58 - 0.0India (Uttarakhand) Malvaceae indet. (228809)
Quaternary2.58 - 0.0India (Himachal Pradesh) Malvaceae indet. (228761 228776)
Calabrian - Holocene1.8 - 0.0Congo-Kinshasa Malvaceae indet. (22072)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117India (Assam) Malvaceae indet. (228759)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0India (Uttarakhand) Malvaceae indet. (228762 228773)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Argentina (Buenos Aires) Malvaceae sp. (136951)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0India (Uttar Pradesh) Malvaceae indet. (228820)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Bahamas (Great Abaco Island) Abutilon sp., Hibiscus sp. (144662)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0India (Tamil Nadu) Malvaceae indet. (228788)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0India (West Bengal) Malvaceae indet. (228796)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0New Zealand (South Island) Malvaceae indet. (215612)