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Ophthalmosauridae

Reptilia - Ophthalmosauridae

Synonyms
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1869Ichthyosaurus doughtyi Seeley
1879Baptanodontidae Marsh
1879Sauranodontidae Marsh p. 86
1886Sauranodontidae Günther p. 442
1902Baptanodontidae Hay p. 463
1905Baptanodontidae Gilmore
1908Baptanodontinae Merriam p. 88
1910Ophthalmosauridae Andrews
1930Ophthalmosauridae Hay p. 127
1967Ophthalmosauridae Appleby p. 137
1999Ophthalmosauria Motani p. 484
2000Ophthalmosauridae Maisch and Matzke pp. 98
2003Ophthalmosauria Fernández pp. 693-694 fig. 3
2003Ophthalmosauria Maxwell and Caldwell p. S104
2003Ophthalmosauridae McGowan and Motani
2008Ophthalmosauridae Araujo et al. p. 26 figs. 7-8
2010Ophthalmosauridae Maisch
2013Ophthalmosauridae Fischer et al.
2014Ophthalmosauridae Arkhangelsky and Zverkov
2015Ophthalmosauridae Pérez et al. p. 124
2016Ophthalmosauridae Fischer p. 8
2016Ophthalmosauridae Ji et al. p. 13
2016Ophthalmosauridae Tyborowski
2017Ophthalmosauridae Delsett et al.
2017Ophthalmosauridae Moon
2017Ophthalmosauridae Paparella et al.
2019Ophthalmosauridae Moon p. 148
2020Ophthalmosauridae Barrientos-Lara and Alvarado-Ortega
2020Ophthalmosauridae Campos et al.
2020Ophthalmosauria Zverkov and Grigoriev
2021Ophthalmosauridae Campos et al.
2022Ophthalmosauria Zverkov p. 465

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
Bilateria
EubilateriaAx 1987
Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
Tetrapoda
Reptiliomorpha
Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
RankNameAuthor
Cotylosauria()
Amniota
Sauropsida
classReptilia
subclassEureptilia()
Romeriida
Diapsida()
Ichthyosauromorpha
Ichthyosauriformes
Ichthyopterygia(Owen 1840)
Eoichthyosauria
Ichthyosauria(de Blainville 1835)
Baracromia
familyOphthalmosauridaeAndrews 1910
familyOphthalmosauridaeAndrews 1910

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Fm. †Ophthalmosauridae Andrews 1910
show all | hide all
G. †Apatodonosaurus Mehl 1928
+
Apatodonosaurus grayi Mehl 1928
G. †Arthropterygius Maxwell 2010
+
Arthropterygius chrisorum Russell 1993
Arthropterygius hoybergeti Druckenmiller et al. 2012
Arthropterygius lundi Robert et al. 2014
Arthropterygius thalassonotus Campos et al. 2020
Arthropterygius volgensis Kasansky 1903
G. †Baptanodon Seeley 1874
+
Baptanodon discus Marsh 1879
Invalid names: Sauranodon Marsh 1879 [replaced]
G. †Catutosaurus Fernández et al. 2021
+
Catutosaurus gaspariniae Fernández et al. 2021
G. †Gengasaurus Paparella et al. 2017
+
Gengasaurus nicosiai Paparella et al. 2017
G. †Keilhauia Delsett et al. 2017
+
Keilhauia nui Delsett et al. 2017
G. †Muiscasaurus Maxwell et al. 2015
+
Muiscasaurus catheti Maxwell et al. 2015
G. †Nannopterygius Huene 1923
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Nannopterygius saveljeviensis Arkhangelsky 1997
+
Invalid names: Nannopterygius kabanovi Efimov 1999 [synonym]
Subfm. †Ophthalmosaurinae Baur 1887
+
G. †Acamptonectes Fischer et al. 2012
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Acamptonectes densus Fischer et al. 2012
G. †Cryopterygius Druckenmiller et al. 2012
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Cryopterygius kielanae Tyborowski 2016
Cryopterygius kristiansenae Druckenmiller et al. 2012
G. †Jabalisaurus Barrientos-Lara and Alvarado-Ortega 2021
+
Jabalisaurus meztli Barrientos-Lara and Alvarado-Ortega 2021
G. †Janusaurus Robert et al. 2014
G. †Leninia Fischer et al. 2013
+
Leninia stellans Fischer et al. 2013
G. †Mollesaurus Fernandez 1999
+
Mollesaurus periallus Fernandez 1999
G. †Ophthalmosaurus Seeley 1874
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Ophthalmosaurus discus Marsh 1879
+
Invalid names: Microdontosaurus petersonii Gilmore 1902 [synonym]
Ophthalmosaurus icenicus Seeley 1874
+
Invalid names: Ancanamunia mendozana Rusconi 1940 [synonym], Ophthalmosaurus pleydelli Lydekker 1890 [synonym]
Ophthalmosaurus marshi Knight 1903
Ophthalmosaurus natans Marsh 1879
Ophthalmosaurus reedi Gilmore 1907
Ophthalmosaurus robustus Gilmore 1905
Ophthalmosaurus yasykovi Efimov 1999
Invalid names: Ancanamunia Rusconi 1942 [synonym], Khudiakovia Arkhangelsky 1999 [synonym], Microdontosaurus Gilmore 1902 [synonym], Yasykovia Efimov 1999 [synonym]
G. †Palvennia Druckenmiller et al. 2012
G. †Paraophthalmosaurus Arkhangelsky 1997
+
Invalid names: Paraophthalmosaurus saratoviensis Arkhangelsky 1998 [nomen dubium]
G. †Undorosaurus Efimov 1999
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Undorosaurus nessovi Efimov 1999
Undorosaurus trautscholdi Arkhangelsky and Zverkov 2014
Invalid names: Ichthyosaurus brunsvicensis Broili 1909 [nomen dubium], Ophthalmosaurus cantabrigiensis Lydekker 1888 [nomen dubium]
Subfm. †Platypterygiinae Arkhangelsky 2001
+
G. †Acuetzpalin Barrientos-Lara and Alvarado-Ortega 2020
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Acuetzpalin carranzai Barrientos-Lara and Alvarado-Ortega 2020
G. †Aegirosaurus Bardet and Fernandez 2000
+
+
Invalid names: Ichthyosaurus trigonus posthumus Bauer 1898 [nomen dubium], Macropterygius posthumus Barthel 1990 [synonym], Macropterygius trigonus Owen 1840 [synonym]
G. †Athabascasaurus Druckenmiller and Maxwell 2010
+
Athabascasaurus bitumineus Druckenmiller and Maxwell 2010
G. †Brachypterygius Huene 1922
+
Brachypterygius alekseevi Arkhangelsky 2001
Brachypterygius extremus Boulenger 1904
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Invalid names: Grendelius mordax McGowan 1976 [synonym]
Brachypterygius mordax McGowan 1976
Invalid names: Brachypterygius cantabrigiensis Lydekker 1888 [nomen dubium], Grendelius McGowan 1976 [synonym], Ochevia Arkhangelsky 2001 [synonym], Otschevia Efimov 1998 [synonym]
G. †Caypullisaurus Fernández 1997
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Caypullisaurus bonapartei Fernández 1997
G. †Maiaspondylus Maxwell and Caldwell 2006
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Maiaspondylus lindoei Maxwell and Caldwell 2006
G. †Parrassaurus Barrientos-Lara and Alvarado-Ortega 2021
+
Parrassaurus yacahuitztli Barrientos-Lara and Alvarado-Ortega 2021
G. †Pervushovisaurus Arkhangelsky 1998
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Pervushovisaurus bannovkensis Arkhangelsky 1998
G. †Platypterygius von Huene 1922
+
+
Invalid names: Myopterygius petersoni Nace 1941 [synonym]
+
Invalid names: Myopterygius australis McCoy 1867 [synonym], Myopterygius marathonensis Etheridge 1888 [synonym], Platypterygius longmani Wade 1990 [synonym]
Platypterygius hauthali von Huene 1927
Platypterygius ochevi Arkhangelsky et al. 2008
+
Invalid names: Ichthyosaurus hercynicus Kuhn 1946 [synonym]
Invalid names: Ichthyosaurus marathonensis Etheridge 1888 [nomen dubium], Longirostria Arkhangelsky 1998 [synonym], Myobradypterygius von Huene 1927 [synonym], Myopterygius Huene 1922 [synonym], Plutoniosaurus Efimov 1997 [synonym], Tenuirostria Arkhangelsky 1998 [synonym]
G. †Simbirskiasaurus Otschev and Efimov 1985
+
Simbirskiasaurus birjukovi Otschev and Efimov 1985
G. †Sisteronia Fischer et al. 2014
+
Sisteronia seeleyi Fischer et al. 2014
G. †Sveltonectes Fischer et al. 2011
+
Sveltonectes insolitus Fischer et al. 2011
Invalid names: Baptanodontidae Marsh 1879 [synonym], Ichthyosaurus doughtyi Seeley 1869 [nomen dubium], Platypterygiidae Bardet 1995 [empty]
Diagnosis
ReferenceDiagnosis
R. M. Appleby 1967Latipinnate Ichthyopterygia in which the orbit is very large. Teeth loosely attached along the whole length of the alveolar groove or partially absent posteriorly. Teeth smaller anteriorly than posteriorly. Humerus articulates distally with three bones, the middle one of which is the ulna. Fore-paddle much larger than hind-paddle. Pubis and ischium fused.
Callovian to Albian. Europe and North America.
R. Motani 1999Extracondylar area of basioccipital reduced; angular largely exposed laterally, reaching as anteriorly as surangular; extra zeugopodial element anterior to radius, and digit distal to it.
C. Ji et al. 2016Descending process of the nasal on the dorsal bor- der of the nares present; extracondylar area of basioccipital reduced; stapes proximal head massive, as large or larger than opisthotic; tooth root smooth, with no striations; angular largely exposed laterally, reaching as far anteriorly as the suran- gular; prominent acromion process of scapula present; extra zeugopodial element anterior to radius, and digit distal to it; pubis and ischium completely fused; chevrons in apical region absent.
N. G. Zverkov 2022(after Fischer et al., 2012,with modifications). Moderately well-developed extracondylar area of the basioccipital, wide and concave along the periphery of the condyle, at least in lateral view (greatly reduced in lateral view and poorly visible posteriorly in most representatives of Platypterygiidae); facet of the humerus for the radius faces distally, for the ulna—posterodistally (also occurs in some platypterygiids—Undorosaurus, Maiaspondylus and in some species of “Platypterygius”; in most platypterygiids facet of the radius is deflected anterodistally); large ulna with concave ossified posterior margin (this state is reversed in Arthropterygius and Nannopterygius borealis; posterior edge of the ulna is not ossified in all members of the family Platypterygiidae).
Synapomorphies of the group according to the results of the phylogenetic analysis of Zverkov and Jacobs (2021): pronounced lateral ‘wing’ of the nasal over the dorsal boarder of the naris (character 15: state 1; hereinafter, the numbering of characters and states follows Zverkov and Jacobs, 2021); extensive stapedial facet of the opisthotic (64 : 1); distally facing radial facet and posterodistally def lected ulnar facet (110 : 1); well-developed humeral facet for anterior accessory element (112 : 1) (reversed in Nannopterygius enthekiodon); concave and ossified posterior margin of the ulna (116 : 1) (reversed in Arthropterygius spp. and Nannopterygius borealis).