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Bivalvia (clam)
Taxonomy
Bivalvia was named by Linnaeus (1758). It is extant.
It was assigned to Mollusca by Squires (1984), Squires (1987), Squires (1988), Kennedy (1993), Barnes (1998), Gravestock et al. (2001), Sepkoski (2002), Giribet et al. (2006) and Hikuroa and Grant-Mackie (2008).
It was assigned to Mollusca by Squires (1984), Squires (1987), Squires (1988), Kennedy (1993), Barnes (1998), Gravestock et al. (2001), Sepkoski (2002), Giribet et al. (2006) and Hikuroa and Grant-Mackie (2008).
Subtaxa
Acturellina, Amosius, Amphikoilinae, Anomalodesmacea, Arhouriellidae, Asiphonidae, Asthenodonta, Aviculidae, Aviculomya, Bakewellia, Bathyspinulinae (syn. Spirulinae), Bleta, Bodmania, Burriera, Carnidia, Cirravidae, Claughtonia, Conchodus, Corbidae, Cruciella, Cryptodonta, Ctenolima, Delia, Edon, Elliptoidea, Ensia, Eoasmussia, Eubivalvia, Euburnopecten, Euprotobranchia, Fogiella, Fusidae, Gariidae, Geinitzia, Gibboconcha, Gosselettia, Guebhardia, Hemisterias, Isofilibranchia, Laubeia, Laurskiidae, Libyaconchus, Lux, Manankovia, Megagrypha, Modiolopsis praerupta, Neotaxodonta, Onkogrypha, Ostrea compta, Ostreavicula, Palaeoentolium, Palaeostrea, Paradoxia, Paraviculidae, Phaenomya, Phyllonia, Pleureterites, Plicatulacea, Praeanomalodontata, Praecardiomya, Praelamellodontidae, Praevicula, Prionodesmacea, Productae, Psammoconcha, Pteriomorpha, Ptychoplasma, Rebusum, Reniella, Rostrotortus, Septocardiidae, Solen (Solecurtus) ellipticus, Solen (Solecurtus) planulatus, Solenomyidae, Spirodomidae, Stagnestesta, Taeniodon, Tatella, Teleodesmacea, Telistrophis, Trachidomia
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
Year | Name and author |
---|---|
1758 | Bivalvia Linnaeus |
1820 | Pelecypoda Goldfuss |
1838 | Ostrea compta Goldfuss |
1847 | Solen (Solecurtus) ellipticus Dana p. 153 |
1847 | Solen (Solecurtus) planulatus Dana p. 153 |
1847 | Modiolopsis praerupta Dana p. 159 |
1849 | Solecurtus (Psammobia) planulatus Dana p. 686 figs. Pl 2, fig 10 |
1849 | Solecurtus ellipticus Dana p. 686 figs. Pl 2, fig 9 |
1849 | Cypricardia praerupta Dana p. 703 figs. Pl 8, fig 10 |
1856 | Hinnites comtus Giebel |
1886 | Asiphonidae Choffat |
1895 | Pelecypoda Stanton p. 34 |
1916 | Pelecypoda Raymond |
1919 | Stutchburia praerupta Etheridge Jr. p. 190 |
1936 | Palaeostrea Grabau |
1982 | Spirulinae Allen and Sanders |
1984 | Bivalvia Squires p. 40 |
1987 | Bivalvia Squires p. 54 |
1987 | Pelecypoda Ward and Blackwelder p. 129 |
1988 | Bivalvia Squires p. 17 |
1989 | Pelecypoda Shoshani et al. p. 435 |
1993 | Bivalvia Kennedy p. 397 |
1997 | Bathyspinulinae Coan and Scott |
1998 | Bivalvia Barnes p. 270 |
2000 | Bathyspinulinae Coan et al. pp. 82, 91 |
2001 | Bivalvia Gravestock et al. p. 200 |
2002 | Bivalvia Sepkoski |
2002 | Palaeoentolium Sepkoski |
2006 | Bivalvia Giribet et al. p. 7724 |
2008 | Bivalvia Hikuroa and Grant-Mackie |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Cl. Bivalvia Linnaeus 1758 [clam]
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G. †Acturellina
Fm. Arhouriellidae Geyer and Streng 1998
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G. †Arhouriella Geyer and Streng 1998
+
†Arhouriella opheodontoides Geyer and Streng 1998
†Arhouriella thecoides Matthew 1899
G. †Aviculomya
G. †Bleta De Gregorio 1930
G. †Bodmania Miller and Faber 1894
G. †Claughtonia
G. †Cruciella Koken 1913
G. †Ctenolima Fuersich and Werner 1988
G. †Delia
G. †Edon Miller 1877
+
G. †Ensia De Gregorio 1930
Unr. Eubivalvia Carter 2011
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Subcl. Autobranchia Groblen 1894
+
Infracl. Heteroconchia Gray 1854
+
Unr. Heterodonta Neumayr 1884
+
Invalid names: Orthonotida Pojeta 1978 [empty], Tanaodontidae Liu 1976 [empty]
Subcl. Heterodonta Neumayr 1884
+
Or. Myoida Goldfuss 1820
Fm. †Rhaetidiidae Dominici and Danise 2024
Unr. Septibranchia Pelseneer 1888
Invalid names: Anomalodesmata Dall 1889 [empty], Carditoidea Fleming 1820 [empty]
Invalid names: Archiheterodonta Giribet 2008 [empty], Eoastartella Chang 1980 [nomen nudum], Palaeoheterodonta Newell 1965 [empty], Parenia Biakov 2012 [nomen nudum], Paullia Schubert and Bottjer 1995 [nomen nudum]
Infracl. Pteriomorphia Beurlen 1944
+
Unr. Ostreomorphi Ferussac 1822
+
Unr. Arcioni Gray 1854
Fm. †Matheriidae Scarlato and Starobogatov 1979
Unr. Ostreioni Ferussac 1822
Invalid names: Ischyrodontidae Scarlato and Starobogatov 1979 [empty]
Or. Pterioida Newell 1965
+
G. †Amuropecten
G. †Annulinectes Allasinaz 1972
G. †Arzelella
G. †Barehamia
G. †Canadotis
G. †Capedopecten
G. †Cleidochondrella Freneix and Lefevre 1967
G. †Colpentolium
G. †Cornutoentolium
G. †Costentolium Freneix 1980
G. †Cussetostrea
G. †Echinopecten Brasil 1895
G. †Entomonotis
G. †Euthymipecten
G. †Fibrosopecten
G. †Freneixita Stenzel 1971
G. †Freneixostrea
G. †Fylgia
G. †Gervilleiogoma
G. †Gervilletia
G. †Gondwanella
G. †Grabella
G. †Gryphaeligmus
G. †Ignara
G. †Indonectes
G. †Intodesma Popov 1958
G. †Jeletzkiella
G. †Kabyaipecten
G. †Kobayshites Hayami 1959
G. †Konbostrea
G. †Lentilla Conti and Monari 1992
G. †Lithioperna
G. †Loemmelella
G. †Lywcea
G. †Minervapecten
G. †Moussonella
G. †Mysidoptera Salomon 1895
G. †Neitheops Stewart 1930
G. †Neoentolium Romanov 1985
G. Notochlamy Cotton 1930
G. †Novaculaperma
G. †Opiotoptera
G. †Pacimonotis Grant-Mackie and Silberling 1990
G. †Periclaria
G. †Pichlerella
G. †Platygena
G. †Pomiropecten
G. †Praeaucellina
G. †Praebuchia
Fm. †Prospondylidea Ptchelincev 1960
G. †Protostrea Chen 1976
G. †Pseudogyra
G. †Pseudovola Lissajous 1923
Subor. †Pteriina Newell 1965
G. †Raricardium
G. †Rhyssomytiloides Hessel 1988
G. †Scythemtolium Allasinaz 1972
G. †Soleniscostrea
G. †Sorngyaceramus
G. †Spia
G. †Stappyersella Maillieux 1920
G. †Tarturia
G. †Titaonpecten
G. †Trematiconcha Newell and Boyd 1970
G. †Unica
G. †Uralopteria
G. †Vertinomia
G. †Xenium
Invalid names: Bakevellidae King 1850 [empty], Lamellotacea Horvath 1966 [empty], Pinnina Waller 1978 [empty], Pterioidina Newell 1965 [empty]
Invalid names: Prionodonta McNeil 1937 [empty]
Invalid names: Autolamellibranchiata Grobben 1894 [replaced], Cercomyidae Crickmay 1936 [empty]
Subcl. Protobranchia Pelseneer 1889
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Superor. Nuculaniformii Carter et al. 2000
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Or. †Afghanodesmatida Carter 2011
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Superfm. †Afghanodesmatoidea Scarlato and Starobogatov 1979
Superfm. †Tironuculoidea Babin 1982
Or. Nuculanida Carter et al. 2000
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Superfm. Malletioidea Adams and Adams 1857
Superfm. Nuculanoidea Adams and Adams 1858
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Invalid names: Nuculanacea Adams and A. 1858 [replaced]
Superor. Nuculiformii Dall 1889
+
Or. Nuculida Dall 1889
+
Fm. †Cardiolariidae Cope 1997
G. †Clinopista Meek and Worthen 1870
G. †Cnestriella
G. †Dysondonta Mansuy 1913
G. †Eonuculoma Klug et al. 2008
G. †Eritropsis Pojeta and Gilbert-Tomlinson 1977
G. †Iheringinucula
G. †Kasachia Bazhenova 1971
G. †Leiodysodonta
G. †Lepteviella
G. †Menneroctenia
G. †Neiloides
Superfm. Nuculoidea Gray 1824
G. †Paleostraba Liljedahl 1984
G. †Phestioides Pojeta et al. 1986
Superfm. Pristiglomoidea Sanders and Allen 1973
G. †Pseudoleda Sanchez et al. 1995
G. †Pseudonuculana Pojeta et al. 1986
G. †Scyphoconcha Liu and Gu 1988
G. †Xiaoshuisulcna
G. †Zechania Pojeta and Gilbert-Tomlinson 1977
Invalid names: Nuculacea Gray 1824 [empty], Phaseoloidea Scarlato and Starobogatov 1971 [empty]
Or. Solemyoida Dall 1889
+
Superfm. Archaracoidea Scarlato and Starobogatov 1979
+
Invalid names: Archaracidae Scarlato and Starobogatov 1979 [empty]
Invalid names: Nucinelloidea Vokes 1956 [empty]
Invalid names: Palaeotaxodonta Korobkov 1954 [synonym], Sareptoidea Adams 1860 [empty]
G. †Euburnopecten Conrad 1865
Unr. †Euprotobranchia Nevesskaja 2009
+
Or. †Fordillida Pojeta 1975
+
Superfm. †Fordilloidea Pojeta 1975
+
Fm. †Fordillidae Pojeta 1975
+
G. †Fordilla Barrande 1881
G. †Pojetaia Jell 1980
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Invalid names: Buluniella Jermak 1986 [synonym], Jellia Li and Zhou 1986 [synonym], Oryzoconcha He and Pei 1985 [synonym]
G. †Geinitzia Gemmellaro 1896
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†Geinitzia carinata Gemmellaro 1896
†Geinitzia catherinae Gemmellaro 1896
†Geinitzia frangiata de Gregorio 1930
G. †Gibboconcha De Gregorio 1930
G. †Guebhardia
G. †Hemisterias
G. †Libyaconchus
G. Lux Chemnitz 1782
G. †Manankovia Astafieva-Urbaytis 1983
G. †Megagrypha
G. †Onkogrypha
G. †Ostreavicula
G. †Phyllonia
G. †Pleureterites
G. †Praecardiomya
Fm. †Praelamellodontidae Zhang 1980
+
G. †Praevicula
G. †Psammoconcha Tommasi 1896
G. †Ptychoplasma Fenton and Fenton 1937
G. †Rebusum De Gregorio 1930
G. Reniella Swainson 1840
G. †Tatella
G. †Telistrophis
G. †Trachidomia
Invalid names: Amphikoilinae Novozhilov 1953 [empty], Asiphonidae Choffat 1886 [invalid subgroup], Asthenodonta [empty], Bathyspinulinae Coan and Scott 1997 [invalid subgroup], Cryptodonta Neumayr 1884 [empty], Isofilibranchia Iredale 1939 [empty], Lamellibranchiata Blainville [synonym], Modiolopsis praerupta Dana 1847 [nomen dubium], Neotaxodonta Korobkov 1954 [empty], Ostrea compta Goldfuss 1838 [nomen dubium], Palaeoentolium [nomen nudum], Palaeostrea Grabau 1936 [nomen dubium], Paraviculidae Gugenberger 1935 [empty], Pelecypoda Goldfuss 1820 [synonym], Pteriomorpha Beurlan 1944 [empty], Septocardiidae Kafanov and Starobogatov 1977 [empty], Solen (Solecurtus) ellipticus Dana 1847 [nomen dubium], Solen (Solecurtus) planulatus Dana 1847 [nomen dubium]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
part | N | mean | minimum | maximum | median | s.d. | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
height | 5 | 7.82 | 4.80 | 22.0 | 6.60 | 7.16 | |
shell height | 2 | 11.2 | 6.80 | 18.4 | 12.6 | 8.20 | |
valve height | 3 | 6.09 | 3.60 | 16.5 | 3.80 | 7.39 |
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Source: c = class | |||||
Reference: Aberhan et al. 2004 |
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Tommotian to the top of the Holocene or 525.50000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 521.0 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 521.0 Ma
Collections (42213 total)
Oldest occurrences | |||
Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
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Caerfai | USA (New York) | Fordilla sp. (8236) | |
Early/Lower Cambrian | China (Hubei) | Praelamellodonta elegansa (201164) | |
Paleozoic | USA (Alaska) | Bivalvia indet. (112419 112421 112453 112466 112481 112499 112500 112506 112509 112510 112511) | |
Paleozoic - Triassic | Chile (Ovalle) | Bivalvia indet., Permophoridae indet., Grammatodon sp. (222433) | |
Phanerozoic | Chile (Región de Tarapacá) | Bivalvia indet. (228253 228255) Gryphaeidae indet. (228254) Heterodonta indet. (228252) | |
Tommotian | United Kingdom (Warwickshire) | Fordilla sp. (10252) | |
Tommotian - Atdabanian | Canada (Nova Scotia) | Fordilla troyensis (6897) | |
Atdabanian | Russian Federation (Siberia) | Fordilla sibirica (56855) | |
Atdabanian | China (Anhui) | Jellia ovata (157563) | |
Atdabanian | Australia (South Australia) | Pojetaia runnegari (49618 96454 96931 97741 97747 97749 97750 199519) | |
Atdabanian | Russian Federation (Chitinskaya oblast) | Pojetaia runnegari (49373 49374 49376 49377 49379 49381 49388 49391) | |
Nangaoian | China (Henan) | Pojetaia runnegari (96523) Pojetaia runnegari, Oryzoconcha prisca (49532) | |
Atdabanian - Botomian | Greenland | Fordilla sp. (121183 121185) | |
Atdabanian - Lenian | Germany (Saxony) | Fordilla sibirica (6899) | |
Montezuman | Mexico | Pojetaia sp. (203107) | |
Botomian | China (Shaanxi) | Pojetaia runnegari (199515 199516 199517 199534) | |
Botomian | Antarctica | Pojetaia runnegari (199520 199522 199524 199527 199529 199531) | |
Botomian | Australia (South Australia) | Bivalvia indet. (42285) Pojetaia runnegari (50793 96914 96915 96916 96917 96932 96958 96959 96963 96964 96965 97723 97726 97730 97751 97770 97771 97772 97773 97774 97775 97776 97777 156332 172616 225121) | |
Botomian | Russian Federation (Siberia) | Fordilla sibirica (174258) | |
Botomian | Russian Federation (Chitinskaya oblast) | Pojetaia runnegari (49383 49384 49385 49386) |