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Rhynchocephalia (rhynchocephalian)
Taxonomy
Rhynchocephalia was named by Günther (1867). It is extant. It was considered monophyletic by Jones et al. (2013).
It was reranked as the subclass Rhynchocephala by Perrier (1928); it was reranked as the suborder Rhynchocephalia by Lortet (1892) and Villa et al. (2021).
It was assigned to Squamata by Günther (1867); to Sauria by Lortet (1892); to Eoditremata by Hay (1930); to Diaptosauria by Osborn (1903), Osborn (1904) and Roxo (1937); to Neosauromorpha by Huene (1954); to Lepidosauria by Olson (1966); to Lepidosauria by Haughton and Brink (1954) and Haubold (1974); to Reptilia by Cope (1871), Cope (1875), Günther (1886), Zittel (1890), Woodward (1898), Hay (1902), Perrier (1928), Swinton (1934), Kuhn (1946), Kuhn (1964) and Frank and Ramus (1996); to Lepidosauria by Kuhn (1966) and Jones et al. (2013); to Diapsida by Osborn (1903) and Skinner et al. (2020); and to Lepidosauria by Gardiner (1982), Simon and Kellner (2003), Apesteguía (2005), Sues and Schoch (2021) and Villa et al. (2021).
It was reranked as the subclass Rhynchocephala by Perrier (1928); it was reranked as the suborder Rhynchocephalia by Lortet (1892) and Villa et al. (2021).
It was assigned to Squamata by Günther (1867); to Sauria by Lortet (1892); to Eoditremata by Hay (1930); to Diaptosauria by Osborn (1903), Osborn (1904) and Roxo (1937); to Neosauromorpha by Huene (1954); to Lepidosauria by Olson (1966); to Lepidosauria by Haughton and Brink (1954) and Haubold (1974); to Reptilia by Cope (1871), Cope (1875), Günther (1886), Zittel (1890), Woodward (1898), Hay (1902), Perrier (1928), Swinton (1934), Kuhn (1946), Kuhn (1964) and Frank and Ramus (1996); to Lepidosauria by Kuhn (1966) and Jones et al. (2013); to Diapsida by Osborn (1903) and Skinner et al. (2020); and to Lepidosauria by Gardiner (1982), Simon and Kellner (2003), Apesteguía (2005), Sues and Schoch (2021) and Villa et al. (2021).
Synonymy list
Year | Name and author |
---|---|
1867 | Rhynchocephalia Günther p. 462 |
1871 | Rhynchocephalia Cope p. 235 |
1875 | Rhynchocephalia Cope p. 15 |
1886 | Rhynchocephalia Günther p. 444 |
1890 | Rhynchocephalia Zittel p. 450 |
1892 | Rhynchocephalia Lortet p. 29 |
1898 | Rhynchocephalia Woodward p. 141 |
1902 | Rhynchocephalia Hay p. 459 |
1903 | Rhynchocephalia Osborn p. 276 |
1904 | Rhynchocephalia Osborn p. 112 |
1928 | Rhynchocephala Perrier p. 3118 |
1930 | Rhynchocephalia Hay p. 130 |
1934 | Rhynchocephalia Swinton p. 47 |
1937 | Rhynchocephalia Roxo p. 44 |
1946 | Rhynchocephalia Kuhn p. 62 |
1954 | Rhynchocephalia Haughton and Brink p. 4 |
1954 | Rhynchocephalia Huene p. 59 |
1964 | Rhynchocephalia Kuhn p. 312 |
1966 | Rhynchocephalia Kuhn p. 36 |
1966 | Rhynchocephalia Olson p. 301 |
1974 | Rhynchocephalia Haubold p. 35 |
1982 | Rhynchocephalia Gardiner p. 228 |
1996 | Rhynchocephalia Frank and Ramus |
2003 | Rhynchocephalia Simon and Kellner p. 1 |
2005 | Rhynchocephalia Apesteguía |
2013 | Rhynchocephalia Jones et al. |
2020 | Rhynchocephalia Skinner et al. |
2021 | Rhynchocephalia Sues and Schoch |
2021 | Rhynchocephalia Villa et al. |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Or. Rhynchocephalia Günther 1867 [rhynchocephalian]
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Fm. †Gephyrosauridae Evans 1980
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G. †Gephyrosaurus Evans 1980
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†Gephyrosaurus bridensis Evans 1980
†Gephyrosaurus evansae Whiteside and Duffin 2017
G. †Hamatopus Lilienstern 1939
Invalid names: Pachystropheidae Kuhn 1961 [empty], Sauranodontes Lortet 1892 [empty], Sphenodontiformes Hay 1930 [empty], Tholodontidae Kuhn [empty]
Diagnosis
Reference | Diagnosis | |
---|---|---|
H. F. Osborn 1903 | Maxillaries and premaxillaries with teeth (excepting Sauranodon). Vertebrae perforate or imperforate. Sacrals 2. Caudals with "splitting point." Hypocentra present or absent. Interclavicle T-shaped. Large puboischiadic (thyroid) foramina. Ilium narrow. Entepi- and ectepicondylar foramina variable. Proximal tarsalia incliding 3 elements (tibiale, intermedium, fibulare) partly coalesced. Distal tarsalia no texceeding 4. |
Measurements
No measurements are available
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Source: subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum | |||||
References: Carroll 1988, Hendy et al. 2009 |
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Olenekian to the top of the Thanetian or 251.20000 to 56.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 247.2 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 247.2 Ma
Collections (30 total)
Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
---|---|---|---|
Early/Lower Triassic | United Kingdom (England) | Hamatopus sp. (184048) | |
Induan - Olenekian | Russian Federation (Orenburg) | Rhynchocephalia indet. (37040) | |
Smithian | Russian Federation (Orenburg) | Rhynchocephalia indet. (196057) | |
Olenekian - Anisian | Germany (Thuringia) | Hamatopus wildfeueri (182300) | |
Aegean - Bithynian | Germany (Rheinland-Pfalz) | Eifelosaurus triadicus (134292) | |
Longobardian | Germany (Baden-Württemberg) | Rhynchocephalia indet. (101875) | |
Carnian | United Kingdom (Wales) | Rhynchocephalia taxon A (27012) | |
Tuvalian | Poland (Opole) | Rhynchocephalia indet. (61449) | |
Norian | Switzerland (Schaffhausen) | Deltadectes elvetica (194662) | |
Norian | USA (Connecticut) | Sphenodontia indet. (79375) | |
Rhaetian | France (Jura) | Rhynchocephalia indet. (60566) | |
Rhaetian | Switzerland (Schaffhausen) | Deltadectes elvetica (51235) | |
Rhaetian | United Kingdom (England) | Gephyrosaurus sp., Gephyrosaurus evansae (120898) | |
Early/Lower Hettangian - Sinemurian | United Kingdom (Wales) | Lepidosauria indet. (46140) | |
Hettangian - Sinemurian | United Kingdom (Wales) | Gephyrosaurus sp. (46137) Lepidosauria indet. (45919 46118 46146 46150) | |
Sinemurian - Pliensbachian | USA (Arizona) | Rhynchocephalia indet. (91553) | |
Bathonian | Morocco (Figuig) | Rhynchocephalia indet. (176120) | |
Kimmeridgian - Tithonian | USA (Utah) | Rhynchocephalia indet. (47196) | |
Kimmeridgian - Tithonian | USA (Colorado) | Rhynchocephalia indet. (11611) | |
Late/Upper Kimmeridgian | Germany (Bayern) | Rhynchocephalia indet. 1, Rhynchocephalia indet. 2 (187437) | |
Early/Lower Tithonian | Germany (Bayern) | Vadasaurus herzogi (189818) | |
Middle Berriasian | United Kingdom (England) | Rhynchocephalia indet. (52312 72142) | |
Early/Lower Albian | Italy (Campania) | Rhynchocephalia indet. (68888) | |
Early/Lower Maastrichtian | Argentina (Santa Cruz) | Rhynchocephalia indet. (230107) | |
Thanetian | Togo (Maritime) | Rhynchocephalia indet. (167948) |