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Paronychodon
Taxonomy
Paronychodon was named by Cope (1876). Its type is Paronychodon lacustris.
It was synonymized subjectively with Richardoestesia by Longrich (2008); it was considered a nomen dubium by Makovicky and Norell (2004).
It was assigned to Plesiosauria by Cope (1876); to Goniopoda by Cope (1877); to Megalosauridae by Hay (1902); to Ptilodontidae by Simpson (1929); to Allotheria by Hay (1930); to Coeluridae by Estes (1964), Romer (1966), Wolberg (1980) and Lehman (1981); to Saurornithoididae by Breithaupt (1985); to Theropoda by Tatarinov (1964), Ostrom (1965) and Clemens (1986); to Dromaeosauridae by Russell (1984), Carroll (1988) and Antunes and Sigogneau-Russell (1991); to Tyrannosauridae by Eberth (1997); to Theropoda by Romer (1956), Steel (1970), Zinke (1998) and Peng et al. (2001); to Saurischia by Pearson et al. (2002) and Sankey et al. (2002); to Maniraptora by Sankey et al. (2005); to Paraves by Sues and Averianov (2013); to Theropoda by Eberth et al. (2001) and Williamson and Brusatte (2014); and to Coelurosauria by Torices et al. (2015).
It was synonymized subjectively with Richardoestesia by Longrich (2008); it was considered a nomen dubium by Makovicky and Norell (2004).
It was assigned to Plesiosauria by Cope (1876); to Goniopoda by Cope (1877); to Megalosauridae by Hay (1902); to Ptilodontidae by Simpson (1929); to Allotheria by Hay (1930); to Coeluridae by Estes (1964), Romer (1966), Wolberg (1980) and Lehman (1981); to Saurornithoididae by Breithaupt (1985); to Theropoda by Tatarinov (1964), Ostrom (1965) and Clemens (1986); to Dromaeosauridae by Russell (1984), Carroll (1988) and Antunes and Sigogneau-Russell (1991); to Tyrannosauridae by Eberth (1997); to Theropoda by Romer (1956), Steel (1970), Zinke (1998) and Peng et al. (2001); to Saurischia by Pearson et al. (2002) and Sankey et al. (2002); to Maniraptora by Sankey et al. (2005); to Paraves by Sues and Averianov (2013); to Theropoda by Eberth et al. (2001) and Williamson and Brusatte (2014); and to Coelurosauria by Torices et al. (2015).
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
Year | Name and author |
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1876 | Paronychodon Cope |
1876 | Paronychodon lacustris Cope |
1876 | Paronychodon Cope pp. 256-257 |
1876 | Paronychodon lacustris Cope p. 256 |
1877 | Paronychodon lacustris Cope p. 316 |
1877 | Paronychodon Cope p. 572 |
1877 | Paronychodon lacustris Cope p. 572 |
1889 | Tripriodon Marsh |
1902 | Paronychodon Hay p. 490 |
1902 | Paronychodon lacustris Hay p. 490 |
1929 | Paronychodon Simpson p. 100 |
1929 | Paronychodon lacustris Simpson pp. 100-101 |
1930 | Paronychodon Hay p. 385 |
1930 | Paronychodon lacustris Hay p. 385 |
1956 | Paronychodon Romer p. 618 |
1964 | Paronychodon Estes p. 142 |
1964 | Paronychodon lacustris Estes p. 142 |
1964 | Paronychodon Tatarinov p. 540 |
1965 | Paronychodon Ostrom p. 39 |
1965 | Paronychodon lacustris Ostrom p. 39 |
1966 | Paronychodon Romer p. 369 |
1970 | Paronychodon Steel p. 44 |
1970 | Paronychodon lacustris Steel p. 44 |
1976 | Paronychodon lacustris Sloan p. 145 |
1978 | Paronychodon lacustris Molnar p. 81 fig. 10 |
1980 | Paronychodon Wolberg p. 41 |
1980 | Paronychodon lacustris Wolberg p. 41 |
1981 | Paronychodon Lehman p. 214 |
1981 | Paronychodon lacustris Lehman p. 214 |
1982 | Paronychodon lacustris Carpenter |
1984 | Paronychodon Russell p. 24 |
1985 | Paronychodon Breithaupt p. 165 |
1985 | Paronychodon lacustris Breithaupt p. 165 |
1986 | Paronychodon Clemens p. 79 |
1988 | Paronychodon Carroll |
1991 | Euronychodon portucalensis Antunes and Sigogneau-Russell pp. 114, 117 |
1991 | Paronychodon Antunes and Sigogneau-Russell p. 114 |
1991 | Euronychodon Antunes and Sigogneau-Russell p. 117 |
1991 | Euronychodon portucalensis Antunes and Sigogneau-Russell p. 117 |
1992 | Euronychodon Antunes and Sigogneau pp. 54-55 |
1992 | Euronychodon portucalensis Antunes and Sigogneau pp. 54-55 |
1995 | Euronychodon Nessov p. 44 |
1995 | Euronychodon asiaticus Nessov p. 44 |
1995 | Euronychodon portucalensis Nessov p. 44 |
1996 | Euronychodon Galton p. 89 |
1996 | Euronychodon portucalensis Galton p. 89 |
1997 | Paronychodon Eberth p. 202 |
1997 | Euronychodon asiaticus Ryan p. 443 |
1998 | Paronychodon Zinke p. 184 |
1998 | Paronychodon lacustris Zinke p. 185 |
2000 | Euronychodon Currie p. 450 |
2000 | Euronychodon asiaticus Currie p. 450 |
2001 | Euronychodon Barco and Ruiz-Omeñaca p. 243 |
2001 | Paronychodon Eberth et al. p. 56 |
2001 | Paronychodon Peng et al. p. 40 |
2001 | Paronychodon lacustris Peng et al. p. 40 |
2002 | Paronychodon Pearson et al. p. 154 |
2002 | Paronychodon Sankey et al. p. 760 |
2002 | Paronychodon lacustris Sankey et al. p. 760 |
2005 | Paronychodon Sankey et al. p. 142 |
2005 | Paronychodon lacustris Sankey et al. p. 142 |
2006 | Euronychodon portucalensis Mateus et al. p. 123 |
2013 | Paronychodon Sues and Averianov |
2013 | Paronychodon asiaticus Sues and Averianov p. 308 |
2013 | Paronychodon lacustris Sues and Averianov p. 309 |
2014 | Paronychodon lacustris Hendrickx and Mateus p. 21 |
2014 | Paronychodon Williamson and Brusatte p. 16 |
2014 | Paronychodon lacustris Williamson and Brusatte p. 16 |
2015 | Paronychodon lacustris Currie and Koppelhus p. 626 |
2015 | Paronychodon asiaticus Sues and Averianov p. 50 |
2015 | Paronychodon lacustris Torices et al. p. 612 |
2015 | Paronychodon Torices et al. p. 615 |
2021 | Paronychodon asiaticus Tanaka et al. p. 7 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. †Paronychodon Cope 1876
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†Paronychodon asiaticus Nessov 1995
Invalid names: Euronychodon Antunes and Sigogneau-Russell 1991 [synonym], Paronychodon lacustris Cope 1876 [nomen dubium], Tripriodon Marsh 1889 [synonym]
Diagnosis
Reference | Diagnosis | |
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M. T. Antunes and D. Sigogneau-Russell 1991 (Euronychodon) | small theropod characterized by unserrated teeth, of which the recurved crown is divided in a convex labial face and a flat lingual face crossed by one or several ridges subject to strong wear. |