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Elmisaurus rarus

Reptilia - Caenagnathidae

Taxonomy
Elmisaurus rarus was named by Osmolska (1981). Its type specimen is ZPal MgD-I/172 & 98, a set of limb elements, and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Nemegt, Northern Sayr, site 13 [PMPE], which is in a Maastrichtian terrestrial conglomerate in the Nemegt Formation of Mongolia. It was considered monophyletic by Currie (2000).

It was recombined as Chirostenotes rarus by Paul (1988); it was corrected as Elmisaurus rara by Olshevsky (2000).

Synonyms
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1981Elmisaurus rarus Osmolska p. 81
1986Elmisaurus rarus Gauthier p. 9
1988Elmisaurus rarus Currie and Russell p. 985
1988Chirostenotes rarus Paul p. 374
1989Elmisaurus rarus Currie
1992Elmisaurus rarus Currie p. 246
1997Elmisaurus rarus Barsbold p. 448
1997Elmisaurus rarus Norell and Makovicky p. 9
1997Elmisaurus rarus Osmólska p. 472
2000Nomingia gobiensis Barsbold et al.
2000Elmisaurus rarus Currie p. 437
2000Elmisaurus rara Olshevsky p. 28
2002Nomingia gobiensis Maryanska et al. p. 101 fig. 1
2003Elmisaurus rarus Rauhut p. 40
2003Nomingia gobiensis Rauhut p. 40
2004Nomingia gobiensis Lü et al. p. 109 fig. 8
2004Nomingia gobiensis Osmólska et al. p. 166
2004Elmisaurus rarus Osmólska et al. p. 167
2008Nomingia gobiensis He et al. p. 188
2009Elmisaurus rarus Balanoff et al. p. 2
2011Nomingia gobiensis Sullivan et al. p. 428
2013Nomingia gobiensis Longrich et al. p. 36
2013Elmisaurus rarus Longrich et al. p. 38
2014Elmisaurus rarus Lamanna et al. p. 10 fig. 6
2014Nomingia gobiensis Lamanna et al. p. 10 fig. 6
2015Nomingia gobiensis Funston et al. p. 186
2015Elmisaurus rarus Funston et al. p. 187
2015Elmisaurus rarus Yao et al. p. 291
2016Elmisaurus rarus Currie p. 86
2016Elmisaurus rarus Funston and Currie p. 1
2016Nomingia gobiensis Funston and Currie p. 9
2016Elmisaurus rarus Funston et al. p. 159
2016Nomingia gobiensis Wang et al. p. 12
2018Elmisaurus rarus Funston et al. p. 107
2018Nomingia gobiensis Funston et al. p. 114
2018Elmisaurus rarus Norell et al. p. 17
2019Elmisaurus rarus Lee et al. p. 2
2020Elmisaurus rarus Funston p. 106
2020Nomingia gobiensis Funston p. 121
2020Nomingia gobiensis Rhodes et al. p. 3
2020Elmisaurus rarus Rhodes et al. p. 10
2021Elmisaurus rarus Funston et al. p. 4
2021Elmisaurus rarus Sellés et al. p. 5

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
—Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
—Tetrapoda
—Reptiliomorpha
—Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
—Cotylosauria()
—Amniota
—Sauropsida
classReptilia
subclassEureptilia()
—Romeriida
—Diapsida()
RankNameAuthor
—Archosauromorpha(Huene 1946)
—Crocopoda
—ArchosauriformesGauthier 1986
—Eucrocopoda
—Archosauria()
informalAvemetatarsalia
—Ornithodira
—Dinosauromorpha
—Dinosauriformes
—Dinosauria()
—Theropoda()
—Neotheropoda
—AverostraPaul 2002
—Tetanurae
—Coelurosauria()
—Maniraptora
infraorderOviraptorosauria
familyCaenagnathidae
subfamilyCaenagnathinae
genusElmisaurus
speciesrarus

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

†Elmisaurus rarus Osmolska 1981
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Invalid names: Nomingia gobiensis Barsbold et al. 2000 [synonym]
Diagnosis
ReferenceDiagnosis
H. Osmolska 1981Metatarsal III visible anteriorly for about 90% of its entire length; length/width ratio of metatarsus 0.18; metacarpal I about 2/3 the length of phalanx 1 in this digit, digit III markedly thinner than digits I and II both of which are equally thick; ventroposterior portions of the manus phalanges distinctly thickened at the proximal surfaces.
G. F. Funston et al. 2018Caenagnathid oviraptorosaur diagnosed by the following features (autapomorphies indicated by asterisks): frontal divided by slot for nasals*; laterally-facing glenoid (shared with Apatoraptor pennatus); manual phalanges II-1 and II-2 equal in length; proximally coossified tarsometatarsus composed of fused distal tarsals and metatarsals II–IV (shared with Le. elegans); hook-like proximodorsal process of distal tarsal IV (shared with Le. elegans); straight shaft of metatarsal II.