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Combretaceae

Angiospermae - Myrtales - Combretaceae

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1810Combretaceae Brown
1919Combretaceae Knowlton
1941Combretaceae MacGinitie
2000Combretaceae Mabberley
2016Combretaceae The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group p. 17
2018Combretaceae Adhikari et al.

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomPlantae
phylumSpermatophyta
classAngiospermae
classDicotyledoneae
RankNameAuthor
orderMyrtalesJussieu 1820
familyCombretaceaeBrown 1810
familyCombretaceaeBrown 1810

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Fm. †Combretaceae Brown 1810
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G. Anogeissus Wallich
+
†Anogeissus eosericea Prasad and Prakash 1984
Anogeissus pendula Edgeworth 1846
G. †Anogeissusoxylon Navale 1964
+
†Anogeissusoxylon bengalensis Roy and Ghosh 1979
†Anogeissusoxylon indicum Navale 1964
G. †Anogeissuxylon Louvet 1965
+
†Anogeissuxylon bussoni Louvet 1965
G. Calycopteris Lamarck
+
G. †Combretacinium Felix 1894
+
G. †Combretanthites Berry 1913
+
G. †Combretum Löfling 1763 [bushwillow]
+
†Combretum miocenicum Prasad and Tripathi 2000
†Combretum obovalis Berry 1916
†Combretum ovalis Lesquereux 1869
†Combretum prechinense Khan et al. 2015
†Combretum purniyagiriense Prasad et al. 2017
†Combretum sahnii Antal and Awasthi 1993
†Combretum wilcoxensis Berry 1916
G. †Conocarpites Berry 1919
+
†Conocarpites formosus Berry 1919
G. Conocarpus Linnaeus 1753
+
†Conocarpus eocenica Berry 1914
G. †Getonites Ettingshausen 1886
+
†Getonites wilkinsoni Ettingshausen 1886
G. Laguncularia Gaertner 1807
+
G. Terminalia Linnaeus 1767
+
†Terminalia balugoloaensis Lakhanpal and Awasthi 1992
†Terminalia bhairauvensis Prasad et al. 2017
†Terminalia estamina MacGinitie 1941
†Terminalia kachchhensis Lakhanpal et al. 1984
†Terminalia koilabasensis Prasad 1990
†Terminalia miobelerica Prasad 1994
†Terminalia muelleri Trivedi and Srivastava 1985
†Terminalia palaeochebula Awasthi and Prasad 1990
†Terminalia panandhroensis Lahkanpal and Guleria 1978
†Terminalia siwalica Prasad 1990
†Terminalia wilcoxiana Berry 1916
G. †Terminalioxylon Schönfeld 1947
+
†Terminalioxylon chowdhurii Prakash and Navale 1963
†Terminalioxylon concordiensis Brea and Zucol 2001
†Terminalioxylon coriaceum Prakash and Awasthi 1969
†Terminalioxylon felixii Ramanujam 1956
†Terminalioxylon ghoshii Satyanarayana and Mahabale 1984
+
Invalid names: Dipterocarpoxylon cuddalorense Navale 1963 [synonym]
†Terminalioxylon naranjo Schoenfeld 1947
†Terminalioxylon portae Mirioni 1965
†Terminalioxylon sahnii Navale 1956
†Terminalioxylon speciosum Ramanujam 1956
†Terminalioxylon tertiarum Prakash 1966
†Terminalioxylon tomentosum Mahabale and Deshpande 1965
+
Invalid names: Terminalia tomentosa Roxburgh 1828 [replaced]
†Terminalioxylon traumaticum Ramanujam 1966
†Terminalioxylon varkalaensis Awasthi and Ahuja 1982
Invalid names: Terminalioxylon mohgaoense Kolhe et al. 1985 [nomen nudum]
G. †Terminaliphyllum Velenovsky 1889
+
†Terminaliphyllum rectinerve Velenovsky 1884
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Diet: "photoautotroph"p
Created: 2011-07-22 00:04:15
Modified: 2011-07-21 09:04:15
Source: p = phylum
Reference: Kiessling 2009

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Coniacian to the top of the Holocene or 89.80000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 72.1 Ma

Collections (86 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Coniacian - Campanian89.8 - 72.1Canada (British Columbia) Combretum leve (35189 35203)
Paleogene66.0 - 23.03India (Madhya Pradesh) Terminalioxylon mohgaoense (224606)
Paleogene66.0 - 23.03India (Gujarat) Terminalia tomentosa (226709)
Tertiary66.0 - 2.58Venezuela (Anzoategui) Combretum jacquinifolia (31247)
Eocene56.0 - 33.9USA (Georgia) Conocarpus eocenica (212698)
Early/Lower Eocene55.8 - 48.6USA (Texas) Terminalia hilgardiana, Combretum bartonii (98211)
Early/Lower Eocene55.8 - 48.6India (Gujarat) Terminalia panandhroensis (227856)
Lutetian47.8 - 41.3India (Kachchh) Terminalia panandhroensis (45583)
Middle Eocene47.8 - 37.71USA (California) Terminalia estamina (23995 23998)
Bartonian41.3 - 38.0USA (Georgia) Conocarpus eocenica (212697) Terminalia phaecarpoides, Terminalia phaeocarpoides, Conocarpus eocenica (212696)
Bartonian41.3 - 38.0Myanmar Terminalioxylon coriaceum (78057)
Early/Lower Oligocene33.9 - 28.4USA (Oregon) Terminalia oregona (35221)
Oligocene33.9 - 23.03China (Yunnan) Terminalia longipedis (223846)
Oligocene33.9 - 23.03India Terminalia sp. (212868)
Oligocene - Miocene33.9 - 5.333India (Meghalaya) Terminalioxylon chowdhurii (226710)
Oligocene - Miocene33.9 - 5.333India (Andhra Pradesh) Terminalioxylon ghoshii (228644)
Early/Lower Miocene23.03 - 15.97India (Gujarat) Terminalia kachchhensis (227849)
Early/Lower Miocene23.03 - 15.97Panama Combretaceae indet. (32394 32396 32397)
Early/Lower Miocene - Late/Upper Miocene23.03 - 5.333Trinidad and Tobago Conocarpus preerectus (31337)
Early/Lower Miocene - Late/Upper Miocene23.03 - 5.333Cuba (Matanzas) Laguncularia racemosafolia (32044)
Early/Lower Miocene - Late/Upper Miocene23.03 - 5.333Venezuela (Zulia) Combretum stephensoni (31278)
Miocene23.03 - 5.333India (Tamil Nadu) Terminalia sp., Terminalioxylon felixii (224618)
Miocene23.03 - 5.333Venezuela (Zulia) Combretum stephensoni (31277)
Miocene23.03 - 5.333India (Kerala) Terminalioxylon varkalaensis (224891)
Miocene23.03 - 5.333Nepal Anogeissus eosericea, Calycopteris floribundoides, Terminalia koilabasensis, Terminalia siwalica, Terminalia panandhroensis, Combretum sahnii (222898)
Miocene - Pliocene23.03 - 2.588Uganda Combretum carringtonianum (22390) Combretum hereroense, Combretum imberbe, Combretum racemosum (22430) Combretum hereroense, Combretum mechowianum (22405) Combretum mortehani, Combretum robbynsi, Combretum lukafuense (22344) Combretum robbynsi, Combretum hereroense, Combretum mechowianum (22422) Combretum robbynsii (22343) Combretum sp. (22400) Combretum sp., Combretum binderanum (22394) Combretum sp., Combretum hereroense (22437)
Miocene - Pliocene23.03 - 2.588Trinidad and Tobago Combretum incertum (34148) Terminalia trinitense (34145)
Miocene - Pliocene23.03 - 2.588India (Himachal Pradesh) Terminalia balugoloaensis (222792)
Miocene - Pliocene23.03 - 2.588India (West Bengal) Combretum sahnii (223488)
Miocene - Pliocene23.03 - 2.588Nepal Terminalia panandhroensis, Terminalia palaeochebula (222975)
Neogene23.03 - 2.58India (Tamil Nadu) Anogeissusoxylon indicum, Terminalioxylon coromandelinum, Terminalioxylon felixii, Terminalioxylon grandiporosum, Terminalioxylon mortandrense, Terminalioxylon sahnii, Terminalioxylon speciosum (224633) Terminalioxylon speciosum (224631)
Neogene23.03 - 2.58India (Puducherry) Dipterocarpoxylon cuddalorense, Terminalioxylon traumaticum (225026)
Neogene23.03 - 2.58India (Gujarat) Terminalioxylon tomentosum (226711)
Middle Miocene15.97 - 11.608India (Uttar Pradesh) Terminalioxylon palaeomanii (227819)
Middle Miocene15.97 - 11.608India (Arunachal Pradesh) Terminalioxylon coriaceum, Terminalioxylon tertiarum (224743)
Middle Miocene15.97 - 11.608Bhutan Combretum miocenicum (223595)
Middle Miocene15.97 - 11.608India (Uttarakhand) Combretum purniyagiriense (224497) Terminalia bhairauvensis (224500) Terminalia miobelerica (222797) Terminalia muelleri (228643)
Middle Miocene15.97 - 11.608India (Nagaland) Terminalia tomentosa (226708)
Middle Miocene - Late/Upper Miocene15.97 - 5.333India (Assam) Combretum prechinense (224425) Terminalioxylon tertiarum (224623)
Laventan13.8 - 11.0Colombia (Huila) Terminalioxylon portae (186303)
Late/Upper Miocene11.608 - 5.333India (West Bengal) Terminalioxylon sp., Anogeissusoxylon bengalensis (227843) Terminalioxylon tertiarum (225460)
Late/Upper Miocene11.608 - 5.333Thailand (Nakorn Ratchasima) Terminalia sp. (67172)
Late/Upper Miocene11.608 - 5.333Nepal Terminalia sp. (224599)
Late/Upper Miocene11.608 - 5.333China (Yunnan) Terminalia sp. (222695)
Late/Upper Miocene11.608 - 5.333India (Assam) Terminalioxylon tertiarum (225197)
Early/Lower Pliocene - Late/Upper Pliocene5.333 - 2.588Bolivia (Potosi) Terminalia antiqua (32127)
Early/Lower Pliocene - Late/Upper Pliocene5.333 - 2.588Bolivia (La Paz) Terminalia singewaldi (32129)
Pliocene5.333 - 2.588India (Gujarat) Terminalioxylon burmense (227814) Terminalioxylon felixii (225193)
Pliocene5.333 - 2.588Panama Combretaceae indet. (32304 32306)
Pliocene5.333 - 2.588India (Jharkhand) Terminalia sp. (214996)
Pliocene - Calabrian5.333 - 0.774Tanzania Combretaceae indet. (22335)
Pliocene - Pleistocene5.333 - 0.0117Congo-Kinshasa Combretum paniculatum (22092) Combretum sp. (22094)
Late/Upper Pliocene - Early/Lower Pleistocene3.6 - 0.781India (Arunachal Pradesh) Combretum sahnii (224427)
Gelasian2.588 - 1.806Kenya Terminalia prunioides (21401 21461 21478)
Early/Lower Pleistocene - Late/Upper Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117Trinidad and Tobago Conocarpus erectus (31227)
Quaternary2.58 - 0.0India (Rajasthan) Anogeissus pendula (228785 228811)
Quaternary2.58 - 0.0India (Uttarakhand) Combretaceae indet. (228809)
Calabrian1.8 - 0.774Tanzania Combretaceae indet. (22337)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial)0.129 - 0.0117Argentina (Entre Ríos) Terminalioxylon concordiensis (137203)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0India (Uttar Pradesh) Anogeissus sp. (228820)