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Orthacanthus
Taxonomy
Orthacanthus was named by Agassiz (1843). Its type is Orthacanthus cylindricus. It is the type genus of Orthancanthidae, Orthacanthidae.
It was assigned to Pleuracanthidae by Hay (1902); to Xenacanthidae by Jordan (1963), Zangerl (1981), Cappetta (1987); to Diplodoselachidae by Hampe (2003), Johnson and Thayer (2009), Ginter et al. (2010); and to Orthacanthidae by Heyler and Poplin (1989), Heidtke (1998), Babcock (2024).
It was assigned to Pleuracanthidae by Hay (1902); to Xenacanthidae by Jordan (1963), Zangerl (1981), Cappetta (1987); to Diplodoselachidae by Hampe (2003), Johnson and Thayer (2009), Ginter et al. (2010); and to Orthacanthidae by Heyler and Poplin (1989), Heidtke (1998), Babcock (2024).
Species
Didymodus platypternus, Diplodus acinaces, Diplodus minutus, Diplodus parvulus, Diplodus problematicus, Diplodus tenuis, Dittodus lucasi, Dittodus priscus, Dittodus striatus, O. adamas (syn. O. gracilis), O. buxieri, O. compressus (syn. Diplodus penetrans, Diplodus latus), O. donnelljohnsi, O. gibbosus, O. gracilis, O. lintonensis (syn. Diplodus gracilis), O. milleri, O. minor, O. platypternus, O. pustulosus, O. texensis
Species lacking formal opinion data
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1843 | Diplodus Agassiz p. 204 |
| 1843 | Orthacanthus Agassiz p. 330 |
| 1847 | Chilodus Giebel p. 231 |
| 1867 | Dittodus Owen |
| 1883 | Didymodus Cope p. 108 |
| 1884 | Didymodus Cope p. 527 |
| 1902 | Orthacanthus Hay p. 264 |
| 1902 | Dittodus Hay p. 265 |
| 1940 | Giebelodus Whitley p. 243 |
| 1963 | Chilodus Jordan p. 592 |
| 1963 | Didymodus Jordan p. 592 |
| 1963 | Diplodus Jordan p. 592 |
| 1963 | Dittodus Jordan p. 592 |
| 1963 | Orthacanthus Jordan p. 592 |
| 1981 | Orthacanthus Zangerl p. 65 |
| 1987 | Orthacanthus Cappetta p. 27 |
| 1989 | Orthacanthus Heyler and Poplin |
| 1998 | Orthacanthus Heidtke p. 137 |
| 2003 | Orthacanthus Hampe p. 229 |
| 2009 | Orthacanthus Johnson and Thayer p. 650 |
| 2010 | Orthacanthus Ginter et al. p. 47 |
| 2024 | Orthacanthus Babcock p. 221 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. †Orthacanthus Agassiz 1843
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†Orthacanthus adamas Babcock 2024
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Invalid names: Orthacanthus gracilis Newberry 1875 [replaced]
†Orthacanthus buxieri Heyler and Poplin 1989
†Orthacanthus compressus Newberry 1856
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Invalid names: Diplodus latus Newberry 1856 [synonym], Diplodus penetrans Dawson 1868 [synonym]
†Orthacanthus donnelljohnsi Johnson and Thayer 2009
†Orthacanthus gibbosus Agassiz 1843
†Orthacanthus gracilis Giebel 1848
†Orthacanthus lintonensis Babcock 2024
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Invalid names: Diplodus gracilis Newberry 1856 [replaced]
†Orthacanthus milleri Agassiz 1843
†Orthacanthus minor Agassiz 1843
†Orthacanthus platypternus Cope 1884
†Orthacanthus pustulosus Agassiz 1843
†Orthacanthus texensis Cope 1888
Invalid names: Chilodus Giebel 1847 [synonym], Didymodus Cope 1883 [synonym], Diplodus Agassiz 1843 [synonym], Dittodus Owen 1867 [synonym], Giebelodus Whitley 1940 [synonym]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: c = class, subp = subphylum | |||||
| References: Carroll 1988, Wagner 2023 | |||||
Age range: base of the Early/Lower Emsian to the top of the Late/Upper Kimmeridgian or 410.62000 to 149.20000 Ma
Collections (38 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Early/Lower Emsian | Canada (New Brunswick) | Doliodus problematicus (232474) | |
| Emsian | Canada (New Brunswick) | Diplodus problematicus (197260) | |
| Bashkirian | USA (Arizona) | O. sp., O. donnelljohnsi (131603) | |
| Pennsylvanian | United Kingdom | Diplodus tenuis (137307) | |
| Westphalian A | United Kingdom (Flintshire) | Diplodus sp. (233397) | |
| Middle Pennsylvanian | USA (West Virginia) | O. sp. (125143) | |
| Moscovian | United Kingdom | Diplodus gibbosus (137309 137313 137314) Diplodus gibbosus, Diplodus tenuis (137310) Diplodus tenuis (137304 137308) | |
| Kasimovian - Moscovian | United Kingdom | Diplodus gibbosus, Diplodus tenuis (137315) | |
| Kasimovian | USA (New Mexico) | O. sp. (217022) | |
| Kasimovian | USA (Nebraska) | Diplodus compressus (132676) | |
| Kasimovian | USA (Illinois) | O. compressus (224241) | |
| Kasimovian - Kungurian | USA (Utah) | O. texensis (218159) | |
| Virgilian | USA (New Mexico) | O. huberi (216993 217070) | |
| Virgilian | USA (Kansas) | O. sp. (215555) | |
| Asselian - Sakmarian | France | O. buxieri (34797) | |
| Asselian - Sakmarian | USA (Texas) | O. texensis (11165) | |
| Wolfcampian | USA (Texas) | O. texensis (22635) | |
| Cisuralian | USA (Texas) | Didymodus platypternus, Didymodus compressus (132969) | |
| Permian | USA (Pennsylvania) | O. texensis, O. platypternus, O. compressus (125957) | |
| Permian | USA (Oklahoma) | O. platypernus, O. texensis (221388) O. sp., O. texensis, O. platypternus (221391 221392) O. texensis (221390) | |
| Sakmarian | USA (Kansas) | O. sp. (130810 130811 130823 130827) | |
| Artinskian | USA (Oklahoma) | O. sp. (67862) O. texensis, O. platypternus (220872) | |
| Leonardian | USA (Oklahoma) | Pleuracanthus compressus (87054) | |
| Bithynian | Poland | O. sp. (149688) | |
| Late/Upper Kimmeridgian | France (Aquitaine) | O. macer (94532) |