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Hexagonaria

Anthozoa - Stauriida - Disphyllidae

Taxonomy
Hexagonaria was named by Gürich (1896) [Sepkoski's age data: D Give-u D Fras-u Sepkoski's reference number: 680].

It was assigned to Phillipsastraeinae by Hill (1956); to Disphyllidae by Merriam (1974); to Hexagonariinae by Hill (1981); and to Rugosa by Sepkoski (2002).

Synonyms
  • Polyphyllum was named by Fromentel (1861). It is not extant.

    It was synonymized subjectively with Hexagonaria by Hill (1956).
  • Hexagoniophyllum was named by Gürich (1909). It is not extant.

    It was synonymized subjectively with Hexagonaria by Hill (1956).
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1861Polyphyllum Fromentel
1896Hexagonaria Gürich
1909Hexagoniophyllum Gürich
1956Hexagonaria Hill
1974Hexagonaria Merriam pp. 60 - 61
1981Hexagonaria Hill
2002Hexagonaria Sepkoski

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
phylumCnidariaHatschek 1888
classAnthozoaEhrenberg 1834
—Hexacorallia()
subclassRugosa(Milne-Edwards and Haime 1850)
RankNameAuthor
orderStauriidaVerrill 1865
suborderColumnariinaRominger 1876
familyDisphyllidaeHill 1939
subfamilyHexagonariinaeBulvanker 1958
genusHexagonariaGürich 1896

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. †Hexagonaria Gürich 1896
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Subg. †Hexagonaria (Pinyonastraea) Merriam 1974
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†Hexagonaria davidsoni Milne-Edwards and Haime 1851
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Invalid names: Acervularia bassleri Webster and Fenton 1924 [synonym]
†Hexagonaria hexagona Goldfuss 1826
†Hexagonaria reedi Schroeder and Leleshus 2002
Invalid names: Hexagoniophyllum Gürich 1909 [synonym], Polyphyllum Fromentel 1861 [synonym]
Diagnosis
ReferenceDiagnosis
C. W. Merriam 1974The colonies are spherical and mush- room shaped; the polygonal corallites are separated by a discrete, usually unthickened wall. Calices have a flat or axially sloping peripheral platform and a deep axial pit. Major septa are unbroken from the wall into the tabularium and commonly reaching the axis; minor septa end at tabularium margin. Septa are normally thin, modified by waviness, minor zigzag elbow carinae and strong yardarm carinae. Dissepimentarium, usually wide, has multiple columns in which peripheral dissepiments lie nearly flat. There are no horseshoe dissepiment columns and no associated trabecular bundles.
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: low Mg calciteo
Locomotion: stationaryo
Attached: yeso
Life habit: epifaunalo
Diet: suspension feedero
Vision: blindc
Created: 2004-02-27 16:55:09
Modified: 2004-02-28 16:53:57
Source: o = order, c = class
Reference: Kiessling 2004

Age range: base of the Silurian to the top of the Late/Upper Frasnian or 443.80000 to 376.10000 Ma

Collections (144 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Silurian443.8 - 419.2USA (California) Acervularia davidsoni (229258 229259) Cyathophyllum hexagonum (229257)
Lochkovian - Pragian419.2 - 407.6Australia (New South Wales) H. approximans (25699)
Early/Lower Devonian - Middle Devonian419.2 - 382.7Canada (Yukon) H. sp. (101483)
Devonian419.2 - 358.9USA (Alaska) H. sp. (100980 100990 101420 101430) H. sp. A (100997)
Devonian419.2 - 358.9Australia (Victoria) H. approximans (10125 10127 10143)
Pragian - Emsian410.8 - 393.3Tajikistan H. approximans (45831)
Early/Lower Emsian409.1 - 402.5USA (Nevada) Pinyonastraea sp. A (90937)
Zlichovian - Daleje409.1 - 393.3Australia (New South Wales) H. tungkanlingensis (188101)
Emsian407.6 - 393.3Spain (Córdoba) H. soraufi (76980)
Emsian407.6 - 393.3Canada (Nunavut) H. sp. (26614)
Emsian407.6 - 393.3New Zealand H. allani (25785) H. allani, H. sp. (40524) H. sp. (40521)
Emsian407.6 - 393.3New Zealand (South Island) H. allani, H. sp. (3579)
Emsian - Eifelian407.6 - 387.7Canada (Ontario) H. tabulata (40039)
Late/Upper Emsian402.5 - 391.9China (Guangxi) H. sp. (4837)
Eifelian393.3 - 387.7USA (Indiana) H. bella, H. curta, H. ovoidea, H. partita, H. prisma (5703) H. ponderosa (5706)
Eifelian393.3 - 387.7Canada (Northwest Territories) H. sp. (25518 25645)
Eifelian393.3 - 387.7Canada (Ontario) H. prisma (213759)
Eifelian393.3 - 387.7USA (Kentucky) Hexagonaria indet. (76992)
Eifelian393.3 - 387.7USA (Michigan) H. pericarinata (167943)
Eifelian393.3 - 387.7USA (Alaska) H. sp. (101452 101471)
Eifelian - Givetian393.3 - 382.7Germany (Nordrhein-Westfalen) H. quadrigemina (77049)
Middle Devonian393.3 - 382.7USA (Indiana) H. cincta (5702)
Middle Devonian393.3 - 382.7USA (Alaska) H. sp. k (108334)
Middle Devonian - Late/Upper Devonian393.3 - 358.9USA (Alaska) H. sp. A (101419)
Early/Lower Givetian388.1 - 383.7Canada (Northwest Territories) H. sp. (34871)
Givetian387.7 - 382.7China (Hunan) H. sp. (34987 34988 34989)
Givetian387.7 - 382.7Spain (Asturias) H. mireillae (80296)
Givetian387.7 - 382.7USA (Ohio) H. anna, H. stewartae, H. tabulata, H. truncata (38450 38451 38452 38453 38454 38455 38456)
Givetian387.7 - 382.7Spain H. sp. (27711)
Givetian387.7 - 382.7Afghanistan (Ghazni) H. sp., H. lavali (74993)
Givetian387.7 - 382.7Morocco H. sp. (74491)
Givetian387.7 - 382.7Poland H. laxa, H. jurkowicensis (83035)
Givetian387.7 - 382.7Kazakhstan H. hexagona (73183)
Givetian387.7 - 382.7Canada (Manitoba) H. arctica (6722)
Givetian387.7 - 382.7China (Sichuan) H. longiseptata, H. hexagon, H. stenotabulata, H. tuqiaoziensis (74632)
Givetian387.7 - 382.7Afghanistan (Vardak) H. magna (84627) H. sp. (84633)
Givetian387.7 - 382.7Vietnam H. lavali (83344)
Givetian387.7 - 382.7Germany (Nordrhein-Westfalen,) H. quadrigemina (77048)
Givetian387.7 - 382.7United Kingdom (England) H. sp. (38403 81014 81020)
Givetian387.7 - 382.7China (Guangxi) H. sp. (4790 4846 13170)
Givetian - Frasnian387.7 - 372.2Vietnam H. bongbutensis (83340)
Givetian - Frasnian387.7 - 372.2Germany (Niedersachsen) H. sp. (77792)
Givetian - Frasnian387.7 - 372.2United Kingdom (England) H. marrmini, H. sp. (81048)
Early/Lower Frasnian383.7 - 382.4France H. marmini, H. sp., H. davidsoni (38690)
Early/Lower Frasnian383.7 - 382.4Iran H. davidsoni (197018)
Early/Lower Frasnian383.7 - 382.4Poland H. hexagona (82904) H. sanctacrucensis, H. mirabilis (82908)
Frasnian382.7 - 372.2USA (Iowa) H. bassleri (40290) H. inequalis, H. whitfieldi (40289) H. oweni (83953)
Frasnian382.7 - 372.2Afghanistan (Ghazni) H. sp. (75031 75117 84671 84704) H. sp., H. lavali (84662)
Frasnian382.7 - 372.2Germany H. davidsoni (227719)
Frasnian382.7 - 372.2Spain H. sp. (27618)
Frasnian382.7 - 372.2Poland H. hexagona (82658)
Frasnian382.7 - 372.2Canada (British Columbia-Alberta) H. bassleri (40285) H. inequalis (40283)
Frasnian382.7 - 372.2France H. mirabilis, H. mireillae (38688 38689)
Frasnian382.7 - 372.2Afghanistan (Vardak) H. magna (84640) H. sedgwicki (84639) H. sp. (84634) H. sp., H. magna (75083)
Frasnian382.7 - 372.2Vietnam H. lavali (83345)
Frasnian382.7 - 372.2Canada (Alberta) H. sp. (76070 76086)
Frasnian382.7 - 372.2Australia (Western Australia) H. playfordi (25263 39261)
Frasnian382.7 - 372.2Canada (British columbia) H. sp. (50031)
Frasnian382.7 - 372.2USA (Arizona) H. sp. (6856 6857 6859 6867 6868 6873 6876)
Frasnian382.7 - 372.2Iran H. magna (62156) H. magna, H. taurensis (62135) H. sp. (62146)
Frasnian382.7 - 372.2Canada (British Colombia-Alberta) H. schucherti, H. caurus (40286)
Frasnian382.7 - 372.2Canada (Northwest Territories) H. bassleri (40138 40142 40143 40144 40278 40281) H. bompasi, H. firthi (40137) H. schucherti, H. caurus (40147)
Frasnian382.7 - 372.2Belgium (Namur) H. mirabilis (76605)
Frasnian382.7 - 372.2USA (New Mexico) H. capitolium (40301)
Frasnian382.7 - 372.2China (Hunan) H. orientalis (40569)
Late/Upper Devonian382.7 - 358.9USA (Alaska) H. sp. (101009) H. sp. A (101011 101012)
Middle Frasnian382.4 - 379.5France (Alsace) H. sp. (65768 65770)
Middle Frasnian382.4 - 379.5Belgium (Namur) H. mirabilis (76606 76631) H. mirabilis, H. mae, H. davidsoni (76634)
Middle Frasnian382.4 - 379.5Belgium H. sp. (23245)
Middle Frasnian382.4 - 379.5France H. sp. (3398)
Middle Frasnian382.4 - 379.5Germany (Nordrhein-Westfalen) H. hexagona (81746 81747)
Late/Upper Givetian380.2 - 382.7Germany H. sp. (197087)
Late/Upper Givetian380.2 - 382.7Poland H. davidsoni (83087) H. mirabilis, H. davidsoni (82960) H. sanctacrucensis, H. davidsoni (83030 83033)
Late/Upper Givetian380.2 - 382.7Tajikistan H. reedi (184352)
Late/Upper Givetian - Early/Lower Frasnian380.2 - 382.4Spain (Asturias) H. hexagona (25436)
Late/Upper Frasnian379.5 - 376.1USA (Arizona) H. occidens, H. minuta, H. palmeri (40303)
Late/Upper Frasnian379.5 - 376.1Iran H. sp. (144944)
Late/Upper Frasnian379.5 - 376.1Russian Federation (Kemerovskaya Oblast) H. isylica, H. yakovlevi, H. longiseptata, H. kuznetskiensis (84378)
Late/Upper Frasnian379.5 - 376.1Russian Federation (Novosibirskaya Oblast) H. longiseptata, H. isylica, H. yakovlevi (84381)
Late/Upper Frasnian379.5 - 376.1Australia (New South Wales) H. davidsoni (40006)