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Rubiaceae (coffee)

Angiospermae - Gentianales - Rubiaceae

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1789Rubiaceae Jussieu p. 196
1919Rubiaceae Knowlton
2000Rubiaceae Mabberley
2008Rubiaceae Taylor et al. p. 1030
2016Rubiaceae The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group p. 19

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomPlantae
phylumSpermatophyta
classAngiospermae
—Mesangiosperms
—EudicotsDoyle and Hotton 1991
—CoreeudicotsThe Angiosperm Phylogeny Group 2009
—Superasterids
RankNameAuthor
—Asterids
—Euasterids
—Lamiids
orderGentianales
familyRubiaceae
familyRubiaceae

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Fm. Rubiaceae Jussieu 1789 [coffee]
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G. Anthocephalus Richard 1830
+
†Anthocephalus siwalica Prasad and Awasthi 1996
G. Asperula Linnaeus 1753 [woodruff]
+
Asperula arvensis Linnaeus 1753
Asperula cynanchica Linnaeus 1753
Asperula odorata Linnaeus 1753
Asperula pyrenaica Linnaeus 1753
Asperula taurina Linnaeus 1753
Asperula tinctoria Linnaeus 1753
G. †Canthidium Unger 1850
+
†Canthidium radobojanum Unger 1850
G. Canthium Lamarck 1783
+
†Canthium siwalica Prasad and Dwivedi 2007
G. Cephalanthus Linnaeus 1753
+
G. †Cinchonidium Unger 1850
+
†Cinchonidium copeanum Lesquereux 1873
†Cinchonidium ovale Lesquereux 1883
†Cinchonidium racemosum Unger 1850
†Cinchonidium turneri Knowlton 1901
G. Coprosma Forster and Forster 1775
+
†Coprosma incerta Berry 1938
G. Diplospora de Candolle 1830
+
†Diplospora siwalica Prasad and Awasthi 1996
G. Exostema Richard 1808
+
G. Galium Linnaeus 1753 [bedstraw]
+
Galium aparine Linnaeus 1753
Galium bermudense Linnaeus 1753
Galium boreale Linnaeus 1753
Galium glaucum Linnaeus 1753
Galium minutum Linnaeus 1753
Galium mollugo Linnaeus 1753
Galium palustre Linnaeus 1753
Galium parisiense Linnaeus 1753
Galium purpureum Linnaeus 1753
Galium pusillum Linnaeus 1753
Galium rotundifolium Linnaeus 1753
Galium rubioides Linnaeus 1753
Galium rubrum Linnaeus 1753
Galium saxatile Linnaeus 1753
Galium scabrum Linnaeus 1753
Galium spurium Linnaeus 1753
Galium tinctorium Linnaeus 1753
Galium trifidum Linnaeus 1753
Galium uliginosum Linnaeus 1753
Galium verum Linnaeus 1753
G. Gardenia Ellis 1761
+
†Gardenia nainitalensis Prasad 1994
†Gardenia palaeoturgida Lakhanpal and Awasthi 1984
G. †Grumileophyllum Geyler 1887
+
G. Guettarda Linnaeus 1753 [velvetseed]
+
†Guettarda cookei Berry 1921
G. Hamiltonia Roxburgh 1806
G. Hodgkinsonia Mueller 1861
G. Hoffmannia Swartz 1788
+
†Hoffmannia protogea Engelhardt 1891
G. Ixora Linnaeus 1753 [West Indian jasmine]
+
Ixora coccinea Linnaeus 1753
†Ixora purniyagiriensis Prasad et al. 2017
G. †Ixorophyllum Geyler 1887
+
†Ixorophyllum anceps Geyler 1887
G. Mitragyna Korthals
+
†Mitragyna tertiara Konomatsu and Awasthi 1999
G. †Mitragynaxylon Koeniguer and Lemoigne 1973
+
†Mitragynaxylon gevini Koeniguer and Lemoigne 1973
G. Morinda Linnaeus
+
†Morinda palaeotinctoria Prasad 1994
†Morinda siwalica Prasad 1994
G. Mussaenda Linnaeus 1753
G. Mussaendopsis Baillon 1879
+
†Mussaendopsis suborbiculatus Konomatsu and Awasthi 1999
G. Nauclea Linnaeus 1762
+
†Nauclea seriaensis Prasad and Dwivedi 2007
G. Neanotis Lewis 1966
+
Neanotis indica de Candolle 1830
G. Nertera Banks et al. 1788
G. Oldenlandia Linnaeus 1753
+
Oldenlandia biflora Linnaeus 1753
Oldenlandia corymbosa Linnaeus 1753
Oldenlandia umbellata Linnaeus 1753
Oldenlandia uniflora Linnaeus 1753
G. Ophiorrhiza Linnaeus
G. †Palaeocoprosmadites Ramanujam 1966
+
G. †Paleorubiaceaepites Biswas 1962
+
G. Pavetta Linnaeus 1753 [bride's bush]
+
Pavetta indica Linnaeus 1753
G. Psychotria Linnaeus 1753
+
†Psychotria eogenica Berry 1929
†Psychotria grandifolia Engelhardt 1891
G. †Psychotriphyllum Deane 1902
+
G. Randia Linnaeus 1753 [indigoberry]
+
†Randia miouncaria Prasad and Dwivedi 2007
†Randia miowallichii Prasad 1990
†Randia palaeofasciculata Prasad and Awasthi 1996
†Randia tanakpurensis Prasad et al. 2017
G. Rubia Linnaeus 1753 [madder]
+
Rubia cordifolia Linnaeus 1768
Rubia peregrina Linnaeus 1753
Rubia tinctorum Linnaeus 1753
G. †Rubiaceaecarpum Menzel 1913
+
G. †Rubiaceocarpum Kraeusel 1939
G. †Rubioides Perkins 1904
+
†Rubioides lignita Perkins 1904
G. †Rubioxylon Hofmann 1952
+
†Rubioxylon naucleoides Hofmann 1952
G. Spermacoce Linnaeus 1753 [false buttonweed]
+
Spermacoce hispida Linnaeus 1753
Spermacoce tenuior Linnaeus 1753
G. †Valerianellites Saporta 1862
+
†Valerianellites capitatus Saporta 1862
G. Wendlandia Bartling 1830
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Diet: "photoautotroph"p
Created: 2011-07-22 00:04:15
Modified: 2011-07-21 09:04:15
Source: p = phylum
Reference: Kiessling 2009

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Paleocene to the top of the Holocene or 66.00000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 56.0 Ma

Collections (171 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Paleocene66.0 - 56.0China (Xinjiang) Mussaenda altalobaphylla (223851)
Paleocene66.0 - 56.0China (Nei Mongol) Rubiaceae indet. (71074)
Tertiary66.0 - 2.58Dominican Republic (Samana) Guettardia cookei (31231)
Eocene56.0 - 33.9India (Meghalaya) Paleorubiaceaepites psychotria (224681)
Early/Lower Eocene55.8 - 48.6India (Gujarat) Palaeocoprosmadites arcotense (224627)
Early/Lower Eocene - Late/Upper Miocene55.8 - 5.333Argentina Coprosma spathulatifolia, Coprosma incerta, Hoffmannia protogaea, Cephalanthus glabratifolius (32201)
Bartonian41.3 - 38.0Myanmar (Sagaing) Rubiaceae indet. (227631)
Late/Upper Eocene37.2 - 33.9Myanmar (Sagaing) Rubiaceae indet. (227632 227633 227646 227648 227649 227661 227662 227663 227664 227665 227666 227667 227668 227671 227672 227673 227674 227675 227676 227699 227701 227714 227720 227721 227780 227781 227782 227783 227784 227785 227787 227800 227801 227803 227805 227806 227807)
Early/Lower Oligocene33.9 - 28.4Peru (Piura) Psychotria eogenica (64545)
Rupelian33.9 - 28.1Russian Federation (Tiumensky) Cephalanthus kireevskiana (22849)
Oligocene33.9 - 23.03Argentina (Santa Cruz) Hoffmannia protogea (141993)
Rupelian - Chattian33.9 - 23.03Germany (Saxony) Cephalanthus kireevskiana (25591)
Early/Lower Oligocene - Early/Lower Miocene33.9 - 15.97Australia (Victoria) Coprosma sp. (169007)
Late/Upper Oligocene - Middle Miocene28.4 - 11.608Argentina (Tierra del Fuego) Palaeocoprosmadites sp. (169381)
Chattian28.1 - 23.03Germany (Sachsen) Cephalanthus kireevskiana (26508)
Miocene - Oligocene23.03 - 23.03Peru Psychotria eogenica (139872)
Early/Lower Miocene23.03 - 15.97Panama Rubiaceae indet. (32334 32336 32338)
Early/Lower Miocene23.03 - 15.97New Zealand Palaeocoprosmadites zelandiae (169164 169167)
Early/Lower Miocene23.03 - 15.97Russian Federation (Tomsk) Cephalanthus kireevskiana (23906)
Early/Lower Miocene23.03 - 15.97Russian Federation (Omsk) Cephalanthus kireevskiana (23894)
Early/Lower Miocene - Late/Upper Miocene23.03 - 5.333Haiti (Sud) Guettarda cookei (31238)
Early/Lower Miocene - Late/Upper Miocene23.03 - 5.333Cuba (Matanzas) Exostema precaribaeum (32044)
Early/Lower Miocene - Late/Upper Miocene23.03 - 5.333Chile Hoffmannia protogaea (32461)
Miocene23.03 - 5.333India (Tamil Nadu) Palaeocoprosmadites arcotense (224618)
Miocene23.03 - 5.333Nepal Canthium siwalica, Randia miowallichii, Randia miouncaria, Morinda siwalica, Nauclea seriaensis (222898)
Early/Lower Miocene - Late/Upper Pliocene23.03 - 2.588Mexico (Oaxaca) Guettarda cookei (32065)
Miocene - Pliocene23.03 - 2.588South Africa Canthium sp. (22225 22226)
Miocene - Pliocene23.03 - 2.588India (West Bengal) Randia miowallichii (223488)
Miocene - Pliocene23.03 - 2.588Nepal Randia palaeofasciculata, Anthocephalus siwalica, Diplospora siwalica (222975)
Miocene - Pliocene23.03 - 2.588India (Bihar) Gardenia palaeoturgida (223029)
Miocene - Pliocene23.03 - 2.588Uganda Morinda lucida (22390) Nauclea diderichii (22431)
Langhian15.97 - 13.82Germany (Brandenburg) Cephalanthus pusillus (23043 23060)
Langhian - Serravallian15.97 - 11.62Poland (Silesia) Cephalanthus occidentalis (28442)
Middle Miocene15.97 - 11.608Russian Federation (Omsk) Cephalanthus kireevskiana (24078)
Middle Miocene15.97 - 11.608India (Uttarakhand) Ixora purniyagiriensis, Randia tanakpurensis (224495) Morinda palaeotinctoria, Gardenia nainitalensis (222797)
Middle Miocene15.97 - 11.608Ecuador (Azuay) Rubiaceae indet. (31012 31037 31038 31044)
Serravallian13.82 - 11.62Kenya Rubiaceae indet. (22266 22311)
Serravallian13.82 - 11.62Germany (Saxen) Cephalanthus pusillus (22897)
Serravallian13.82 - 11.62Germany (Sachsen) Cephalanthus pusillus (27515)
Serravallian13.82 - 11.62Germany (Brandenburg) Cephalanthus pusillus (22899 23046 23050 23054 23055 23056 23058 23059 23355 23609 23610 27013 27523 27528)
Serravallian - Tortonian13.82 - 7.246Germany (Brandenburg) Cephalanthus pusillus (27064)
Late/Upper Miocene11.608 - 5.333Russian Federation (Omsk) Cephalanthus kireevskiana (24098 24100 24286)
Late/Upper Miocene11.608 - 5.333Nepal Mitragyna tertiara (223319) Mussaendopsis suborbiculatus (223320)
Late/Upper Miocene11.608 - 5.333Argentina (Catamarca) Palaeocoprosmadites zelandiae (137142)
Late/Upper Miocene11.608 - 5.333China (Yunnan) Wendlandia olivacea (222695)
Early/Lower Pliocene - Late/Upper Pliocene5.333 - 2.588Bolivia (Potosi) Hoffmannia boliviana (32143)
Pliocene5.333 - 2.588India (Jharkhand) Gardenia sp., Mitragyna sp. (214996)
Pliocene5.333 - 2.588Portugal Galium sp. (232125 232144 232147)
Pliocene - Calabrian5.333 - 0.774Tanzania Rubiaceae indet. (22335)
Pliocene - Pleistocene5.333 - 0.0117Congo-Kinshasa Canthium campylacanthum (22092)
Piacenzian3.6 - 2.588Italy (Piemonte) Cephalanthus kireevskiana (27023)
Gelasian2.588 - 1.806Kenya Canthium sp. (21401 21461 21478)
Early/Lower Pleistocene2.588 - 0.781Australia (Victoria) Coprosma indet. (172832 172833 172837 172867 172868 172870 172871 172873 172874 172875 172876 172877 172878 172879 172880 172881 172882 172883) Coprosma indet., Galium indet. (172884)
Gelasian - Calabrian2.588 - 0.774Tanzania Rubiaceae indet. (21975)
Early/Lower Pleistocene - Middle Pleistocene2.588 - 0.129Australia (Tasmania) Palaeocoprosmadites zelandiae, Coprosma sp., Galium type, Nertera sp. (166707)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117Australia (Queensland) Coprosma sp. (168893) Coprosma sp., Hodgkinsonia sp., Morinda sp., Randia sp., Ophiorrhiza sp. (168889) Coprosma sp., Ophiorrhiza sp. (168891) Hodgkinsonia sp. (168822 168888 168890) Hodgkinsonia sp., Asperula sp. (168924) Morinda sp., Asperula sp. (168918) Morinda sp., Randia sp., Asperula sp. (168904)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117India (Kashmir) Hamiltonia suaveolens (224751 225478) Wendlandia exserta (224613)
Quaternary2.58 - 0.0India (Rajasthan) Oldenlandia sp. (228785 228789 228812) Spermacoce sp. (228811)
Quaternary2.58 - 0.0India (Tamil Nadu) Neanotis indica (228792)
Quaternary2.58 - 0.0India (Uttarakhand) Rubiaceae indet. (228809)
Quaternary2.58 - 0.0India (Himachal Pradesh) Rubiaceae indet., Wendlandia exserta, Oldenlandia sp., Rubia cordifolia (228761)
Middle Pleistocene - Holocene0.774 - 0.0Australia (Queensland) Morinda sp., Randia sp. (168896)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (late glacial)0.129 - 0.0117USA (Washington) Galium sp. (93677)
Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene0.129 - 0.0Australia (Queensland) Rubiaceae indet. (168749 168751 168752 168753 168754 168755)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0India (Rajasthan) Oldenlandia sp. (228790)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0India (Tamil Nadu) Pavetta sp. (228788)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0India (Uttarakhand) Rubiaceae indet. (228773)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0India (Himachal Pradesh) Rubiaceae indet. (228781)