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Sapindus (soapnut)
Taxonomy
Sapindus was named by Linnaeus (1753). It is extant.
It was assigned to Sapindaceae by Knowlton (1899), Berry (1914), Knowlton (1919), Srivastava (1991), McIver and Basinger (1993), Liu et al. (1996), Mabberley (2000) and Prasad et al. (2017).
It was assigned to Sapindaceae by Knowlton (1899), Berry (1914), Knowlton (1919), Srivastava (1991), McIver and Basinger (1993), Liu et al. (1996), Mabberley (2000) and Prasad et al. (2017).
Species
S. alatus, S. angustifolius, S. apiculatus, S. bentonensis, S. caudatus, S. coloradensis, S. coushatta, S. dentoni, S. diversifolius, S. eoligniticus, S. eotrifoliatus, S. formosus, S. georgiana, S. glendivensis (syn. S. alatus), S. grandifolioloides, S. grandifoliolus, S. imperfectus, S. inexpectans, S. inflexus, S. knowltoni, S. lancifolius, S. leonis, S. linearifolius, S. marylandicus, S. membranaceus, S. merriami, S. mississippiensis, S. morrisoni, S. obtusifolius, S. oklahomensis, S. oregonianus, S. oxfordensis, S. pseudaffinis, S. rocklandensis, S. stellariaefolius, S. variabilis, S. wardii
Species lacking formal opinion data
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1753 | Sapindus Linnaeus |
| 1899 | Sapindus Knowlton |
| 1914 | Sapindus Berry p. 49 |
| 1919 | Sapindus Knowlton |
| 1991 | Sapindus Srivastava |
| 1993 | Sapindus McIver and Basinger |
| 1996 | Sapindus Liu et al. |
| 2000 | Sapindus Mabberley |
| 2017 | Sapindus Prasad et al. |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. Sapindus Linnaeus 1753 [soapnut]
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Sapindus alatus Salisbury 1776
†Sapindus angustifolius Lesquereux 1873
†Sapindus apiculatus Velenovsky 1884
†Sapindus bentonensis Berry 1916
†Sapindus caudatus Lesquereux 1872
†Sapindus coloradensis Cockerell 1908
†Sapindus coushatta Berry 1916
†Sapindus dentoni Lesquereux 1875
†Sapindus diversifolius Lesquereux 1891
†Sapindus eoligniticus Berry 1916
†Sapindus eotrifoliatus Prasad et al. 2017
†Sapindus formosus Berry 1916
†Sapindus georgiana Berry 1914
†Sapindus grandifolioloides Knowlton 1899
†Sapindus grandifoliolus Ward 1885
†Sapindus imperfectus Hollick 1904
†Sapindus inexpectans Knowlton 1905
†Sapindus inflexus Lesquereux 1883
†Sapindus knowltoni Berry 1916
†Sapindus lancifolius Lesquereux 1883
†Sapindus leonis Cockerell 1908
†Sapindus linearifolius Berry 1916
†Sapindus marylandicus Hollick 1906
†Sapindus membranaceus Newberry 1868
†Sapindus merriami Knowlton 1902
†Sapindus mississippiensis Berry 1916
†Sapindus morrisoni Lesquereux 1883
†Sapindus obtusifolius Lesquereux 1873
†Sapindus oklahomensis Berry 1918
†Sapindus oregonianus Knowlton 1902
†Sapindus oxfordensis Berry 1916
†Sapindus pseudaffinis Berry 1916
†Sapindus rocklandensis Knowlton 1918
†Sapindus stellariaefolius Lesquereux 1878
†Sapindus variabilis Berry 1919
†Sapindus wardii Knowlton 1899
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: p = phylum | |||||
| Reference: Kiessling 2009 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Campanian to the top of the Quaternary or 83.60000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 72.1 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 72.1 Ma
Collections (42 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Coniacian - Campanian | Canada (British Columbia) | Sapindus pacificus (35174 35176 35177 35189 35218 35219) | |
| Campanian | USA (South Carolina) | Sapindus morrisoni (210094) | |
| Paleocene | Canada (Saskatchewan) | Sapindus grandifoliolus (34428) | |
| Tertiary | Dominican Republic (Samana) | Sapindus hispaniolana (31231) | |
| Ypresian | United Kingdom (England) | Sapindus eocenicus (22811) | |
| Eocene | India (Rajasthan) | Sapindus bilinicus, Sapindus falcifolis (228638) | |
| Early/Lower Eocene | USA (Texas) | Sapindus linearifolius (98211) | |
| Early/Lower Eocene - Late/Upper Miocene | Argentina | Sapindus argentinus (32201) | |
| Middle Eocene | USA (Wyoming) | Sapindus grandifolioloides (24138) Sapindus grandifoliolus (24156) Sapindus grandifoliolus, Sapindus alatus, Sapindus wardii (24087) Sapindus wardii (24155) | |
| Middle Eocene - Late/Upper Eocene | China (Xizang) | Sapindus sp. (223828) | |
| Bartonian | USA (Georgia) | Sapindus georgiana (212697) | |
| Chadronian | USA (Colorado) | Sapindus coloradensis (24209) | |
| Late/Upper Eocene - Early/Lower Oligocene | USA (Colorado) | Sapindus coloradensis (39837 39849) | |
| Late/Upper Oligocene - Early/Lower Miocene | USA (Montana) | Sapindus coloradensis (23330) | |
| Late/Upper Oligocene - Early/Lower Miocene | Argentina (Rio Negro) | Sapindus sp. (137127) | |
| Miocene - Oligocene | USA (Montana) | Sapindus coloradensis (23975) | |
| Early/Lower Miocene | Brazil (Para) | Sapindus ferreirai (112580) | |
| Early/Lower Miocene - Late/Upper Miocene | Chile | Sapindus acuminatus (32464) | |
| Early/Lower Miocene - Late/Upper Miocene | Brazil (Bahia) | Sapindus presaponaria (32009) | |
| Early/Lower Miocene - Late/Upper Miocene | Argentina (Chubut) | Sapindus argentinus (32098) | |
| Early/Lower Miocene - Late/Upper Miocene | Cuba (Matanzas) | Sapindus presaponaria (32044) | |
| Miocene | USA (Montana) | Sapindus coloradensis (23973) | |
| Miocene - Pliocene | Japan (Nagano) | Sapindus sp. (22796) | |
| Burdigalian | China (Shandong) | Sapindus shandongensis (223803) | |
| Orleanian | Germany (Baden-Wurttemberg) | Sapindus falcifolius (106002) | |
| Middle Miocene | India (Uttarakhand) | Sapindus eotrifoliatus (224500) | |
| MN 5 - MN 7 + 8 | Switzerland (Aargau) | Sapindus sp. (46279) | |
| Langhian - Messinian | Japan (Hirakata) | Sapindus tanaii (22739 22744) | |
| Tortonian - Messinian | Japan (Gunma) | Sapindus sp. (21258 21265) | |
| Pliocene | USA (California) | Sapindus oklahomensis (35272) | |
| Quaternary | Laos | Sapindus linearifolius (224539) |