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Coniferophyta (conifer)
Taxonomy
Coniferophyta is a phylum. It is extant.
It was assigned to Plantae by Shoshani et al. (1989); and to Embryophyta by Taylor et al. (2008).
It was assigned to Plantae by Shoshani et al. (1989); and to Embryophyta by Taylor et al. (2008).
Subtaxa
Abietoxylon, Abiocaulis, Albertia, Alloxylon, Anomaloxylon, Arctoxylon, Benstedtia, Borysthenia, Callitrites, Calloxylon, Cedrophloios, Ceratostrobus, Cheirostrobus, Cladocupressoxylon, Coniferales, Coniferoxylon, Cordaitales, Cormaraucarioxylon, Cormocedroxylon, Cormocupressoxylon, Cryptomerites, Cupressoxylon, Cycadocarpidium, Dammarophyllum, Dictyodendron, Eleoxylon, Eurysacis, Germaria, Glyptolepidium, Glyptostroboxylon, Hiltonia, Krauselcladus, Lebachia, Legnophora, Legnophora girardi, Libocedrites, Lutuginia, Macrostachya, Metacedroxylon, Paleotaxites, Paraphyllocladoxylon, Parapinuxylon, Phleboxylon, Phyllocladopitys, Phyllostrobus, Pityites, Pityocladus, Platyspiroxylon, Protobrachyoxylon, Protocedroxylon, Protojuniperoxylon, Protopiceoxylon, Protopinuxylon, Protopodocarpoxylon, Pseudoaraucarites, Pseudotaxodioxylon, Retinoxylon (syn. Retinodendron), Rhizocedroxylon, Rhizotaxodioxylon, Sboromirskia, Spiroxylon, Storgaardia, Swedenborgia, Taxeopsis, Taxoxylon, Taxoxylum, Thylloxylon, Trematoxylon, Walchia, Walchiostrobus, Zamioidea
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1864 | Legnophora Heer p. 297 |
| 1864 | Legnophora girardi Heer p. 297 fig. 5 |
| 1886 | Legnophora Scudder p. 220 |
| 1989 | Coniferophyta Shoshani et al. p. 434 |
| 2008 | Coniferophyta Taylor et al. p. 1027 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Ph. Coniferophyta [conifer]
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G. †Borysthenia Stanislavskiy 1976
G. †Callitrites Endlicher 1847
+
†Callitrites brongniartii Endlicher 1847
+
Invalid names: Equisetum brachyodon Brongniart 1822 [replaced]
Or. Coniferales
+
G. †Abietites Hisinger 1837
+
†Abietites carolinensis Fontaine 1883
†Abietites cretacea Newberry 1898
†Abietites dubius Lesquereux 1868
†Abietites ernestinae Lesquereux 1874
†Abietites foliosus Fontaine 1890
†Abietites linkii Roemer 1839
†Abietites longifolius Berry 1911
†Abietites macrocarpus Fontaine 1890
+
Invalid names: Abietites angusticarpus Fontaine 1890 [synonym], Abietites ellipticus Fontaine 1890 [synonym]
†Abietites marylandicus Fontaine 1905
†Abietites setiger Lesquereux 1872
†Abietites sternbergii Nilsson 1837
†Abietites tyrrellii Dawson 1885
G. †Allocladus Townrow 1967
+
†Allocladus bansaensis Sukh-Dev and Zeba-Bano 1979
+
Invalid names: Allocladus rajmahalense Feistmantel 1876 [replaced]
†Allocladus biswasianus Bose and Banerji 1984
†Allocladus patensis Banerji 1988
†Allocladus sehoraensis Sukh-Dev and Zeba-Bano 1979
G. †Androvettia Hollick and Jeffrey 1909
+
†Androvettia carolinensis Berry 1910
†Androvettia elegans Berry 1914
†Androvettia statenensis Hollick and Jeffrey 1909
G. †Anomaspis Hollick and Jeffrey 1909
+
†Anomaspis hispida Hollick and Jeffrey 1909
†Anomaspis tuberculata Hollick and Jeffrey 1909
G. †Arautamyelon Bohra and Sharma 1989
+
†Arautamyelon pakurense Bohra and Sharma 1980
Invalid names: Araumyelon Bohra and Sharma 1980 [replaced]
G. †Athrotaxites Unger 1849
+
†Athrotaxites feistmantelii Sahni 1928
†Athrotaxites lycopodioides Unger 1849
G. †Australoxylon Marguerier 1973
+
†Australoxylon kanhargaoense Prasad and Chandra 1978
†Australoxylon longicellularis Prasad and Chandra 1981
†Australoxylon ranaensis Pant and Singh 1987
†Australoxylon teixeirae Marguerier 1973
†Australoxylon wejgaoense Agashe and Prasad 1984
Invalid names: Australoxylon indicum Agashe and Gowda 1983 [nomen nudum], Australoxylon meyenii Agashe and Gowda 1983 [nomen nudum]
Fm. †Brachyphyllaceae
+
G. †Brachyoxylon Hollick and Jeffrey 1909
+
†Brachyoxylon notabile Hollick and Jeffrey 1909
†Brachyoxylon pennsylvanicum Wherry 1912
G. †Callialasporites Sukh-Dev 1961
+
†Callialasporites barragaonensis Srivastava 1966
†Callialasporites dampieri Balme 1957
†Callialasporites discoidalis Doring 1962
†Callialasporites grandis Sah and Jain 1965
†Callialasporites infirmus Mahmoud 2003
†Callialasporites lenticularis Döring 1961
†Callialasporites lucidus Reyre 1973
†Callialasporites martinottii Reyre 1970
†Callialasporites microvelatus Schulz 1966
†Callialasporites monoalasporus Sukh-Dev 1961
†Callialasporites rimalis Singh et al. 1964
†Callialasporites segmentatus Balme 1961
+
Invalid names: Callialasporites jaisalmerensis Srivastava 1966 [synonym]
†Callialasporites trilobatus Balme 1957
†Callialasporites turbatus Schulz 1967
Invalid names: Crassizonomonoletes Vishnu-Mittre [synonym], Tsugaepollenites Potonié 1958 [synonym]
G. †Chapmanoxylon Pant and Singh 1987
+
†Chapmanoxylon indicum Pant and Singh 1987
†Chapmanoxylon raniganjensis Pant and Singh 1987
Fm. †Cheirolepidiaceae Turutanova-Ketova 1963
+
G. †Classopollis Pflug 1953
+
†Classopollis alexi Burger 1965
†Classopollis anasillos Filatoff 1975
†Classopollis brasiliensis Herngreen 1975
†Classopollis chateaunovii Reyre 1970
†Classopollis classoides Pflug 1953
†Classopollis indicus Maheshwari 1974
†Classopollis intrareticulatus Volkheimer 1972
†Classopollis klausi Boltenhagen 1976
†Classopollis maljawkineae Boltenhagen 1976
†Classopollis meyeriana de Jersey 1973
†Classopollis minor Pocock and Jansonius 1961
†Classopollis perplexus Boltenhagen 1976
†Classopollis pflugii Pocock and Jansonius 1961
†Classopollis senegalensis Reyre 1970
†Classopollis simplex Reiser and Williams 1969
†Classopollis torosus Burger 1965
†Classopollis triangularis Lei 1981
Invalid names: Corollina Maljavkina 1949 [synonym]
G. †Frenelopsis Schenk 1869
+
†Frenelopsis gracilis Newberry 1895
†Frenelopsis hoheneggeri Schenk 1869
†Frenelopsis parceramosa Fontaine 1889
†Frenelopsis ramosissima Fontaine 1889
†Frenelopsis varians Fontaine 1893
G. †Hirmeriella Hörhammer 1933
+
†Hirmeriella muensteri Schenk 1867
†Hirmeriella rhatoliassica Hörhammer 1933
Invalid names: Cheirolepis Schimper 1870 [replaced]
G. †Pararaucaria Wieland 1935
+
†Pararaucaria delfueyoi Escapa et al. 2013
†Pararaucaria patagonica Wieland 1935
G. †Pseudofrenelopsis Nathorst 1893
+
†Pseudofrenelopsis felixi Nathorst 1893
†Pseudofrenelopsis parceramosa Watson
G. †Watsoniocladus Srinivasan 1995
Fm. †Compsostrobaceae Delevoryas and Hope 1973
+
G. †Coniferocaulon Fliche 1900
+
†Coniferocaulon colymbeaeforme Fliche 1900
†Coniferocaulon latisulcatum Sah 1959
†Coniferocaulon rajmahalense Gupta 1954
Invalid names: Coniferocaulon amarjolense Sah 1958 [nomen nudum]
Fm. Cupressaceae Gray 1822 [cypress]
+
Subfm. Athrotaxidoideae
+
G. †Athrotaxis Don 1839
+
Athrotaxis cupressoides Don 1838 [Tasmanian pencil pine]
†Athrotaxis eolignitica Berry 1916
Athrotaxis laxifolia Don 1841 [summit cedar]
†Athrotaxis mesibovii Hill et al. 1993
†Athrotaxis rhomboidea Hill et al. 1993
+
Invalid names: Mesibovia rhomboidea Wells and Hill 1989 [replaced]
Athrotaxis selaginoides Don 1838 [King William pine]
†Athrotaxis ungeri Florin 1940
G. †Austrohamia Escapa et al. 2008
+
†Austrohamia asfaltensis Contreras et al. 2019
†Austrohamia minuta Escapa et al. 2008
Subfm. Callitroideae Saxton 1913
+
G. Callitris Ventenat 1808
+
†Callitris comptonii Bowerbank 1840
†Callitris curta Bowerbank 1840
†Callitris strahanensis Jordan 1995
G. Libocedrus Endlicher 1847
+
†Libocedrus acutifolius Whang and Hill 1999
†Libocedrus adpressa Gardner 1883
†Libocedrus balfourensis Paull and Hill 2009
†Libocedrus coloradensis Cockerell 1907
†Libocedrus jacksonii Hill and Carpenter 1989
†Libocedrus lantenoisi Laurent 1912
†Libocedrus leaensis Paull and Hill 2009
†Libocedrus mesibovii Hill and Carpenter 1989
†Libocedrus microformis Paull and Hill 2009
†Libocedrus morrisonii Hill and Carpenter 1989
†Libocedrus obtusifolius Whang and Hill 1999
†Libocedrus praedecurrens Knowlton 1926
G. Calocedrus Kurz 1873
+
†Calocedrus huashanensis Shi et al. 2012
†Calocedrus shengxianensis He et al. 2012
Subfm. Cunninghamioideae
+
G. Cunninghamia Brown
+
Cunninghamia konishii Hooker 1827 [Formosan China fir]
Cunninghamia lanceolata Hooker 1827 [Chinese fir]
†Cunninghamia protokonishii Tanai and Onoe 1961
G. †Cupressinites Bowerbank 1840
+
†Cupressinites crassus Bowerbank 1840
†Cupressinites elongatus Bowerbank 1840
†Cupressinites oviformis Chandler 1961
†Cupressinites subfusiformis Bowerbank 1840
†Cupressinites thujoides Bowerbank 1840
G. †Cupressinoxylon Göppert 1850
+
†Cupressinoxylon alternans Sahni 1931
†Cupressinoxylon arkansanum Knowlton 1889
†Cupressinoxylon bibbinsi Knowlton 1896
†Cupressinoxylon calli Knowlton 1889
†Cupressinoxylon cheyennense Penhallow 1900
†Cupressinoxylon coloradense Knowlton 1918
†Cupressinoxylon columbianum Knowlton 1889
†Cupressinoxylon comanchense Penhallow 1900
†Cupressinoxylon coromandelinum Sahni 1931
†Cupressinoxylon dawsoni Penhallow 1903
†Cupressinoxylon distichum Mercklin 1856
†Cupressinoxylon dubium Cramer 1868
†Cupressinoxylon elongatum Knowlton 1919
†Cupressinoxylon erraticum Mercklin 1856
†Cupressinoxylon eutreron Felix 1896
†Cupressinoxylon glasgowi Knowlton 1888
†Cupressinoxylon hallei Krausel 1924
†Cupressinoxylon macrocarpoides Penhallow 1904
†Cupressinoxylon pannonicum Unger 1850
†Cupressinoxylon polyommatum Cramer 1868
†Cupressinoxylon pulchellum Knowlton 1889
†Cupressinoxylon pulchrum Cramer 1868
†Cupressinoxylon sahnii Billimoria 1948
†Cupressinoxylon subaequale Goeppert 1850
†Cupressinoxylon taxodioides Conwentz 1878
†Cupressinoxylon vermejoense Knowlton 1918
†Cupressinoxylon wardi Knowlton 1889
Subfm. Cupressoideae Rich 1826
+
G. Chamaecyparis Spach 1841
+
Chamaecyparis nutkaensis Lindley and Gordon 1850
†Chamaecyparis shikamana Ozaki 1974
Chamaecyparis thyoides Linnaeus 1753
+
Invalid names: Chamaecyparis sphaeroidea Spach 1841 [synonym]
G. Cupressus Linnaeus 1753
+
Cupressus disticha Linnaeus 1753 [bald cypress]
Cupressus macrocarpa Hartweg 1847
†Cupressus mohavensis Axelrod 1939
G. Juniperus Linnaeus 1753 [juniper]
+
Juniperus californica Carrière 1850
†Juniperus haydenii Lesquereux 1874
†Juniperus hypnoides Heer 1882
Juniperus virginiana Linnaeus 1753
G. Thuja Linnaeus 1753
+
†Thuja cretacea Heer 1882
†Thuja garmani Lesquereux 1872
†Thuja gracilis Newberry 1868
†Thuja interrupta Newberry 1868
Thuja occidentalis Linnaeus 1753
G. Thujopsis Siebold and Zuccarini 1842 [hiba]
G. †Ditaxocladus Guo et al. 1984
+
†Ditaxocladus catenulatus Guo et al. 2012
†Ditaxocladus planiphyllus Guo and Sun 1984
G. Heyderia Koch 1873
G. †Mesocyparis McIver and Basinger 1987
G. †Protocupressinoxylon Eckhold 1921
+
†Protocupressinoxylon cupressoides Holden 1913
†Protocupressinoxylon purbeckensis Francis 1983
Subfm. Sequoioideae
+
G. Metasequoia Miki 1941 [dawn redwood]
+
†Metasequoia disticha Miki 1941
Metasequoia glyptostroboides Hu and Cheng 1948 [dawn redwood]
†Metasequoia occidentalis Chaney 1951
†Metasequoia occidentalis Newberry 1863
G. Sequoia Endlicher 1847 [coast redwood]
+
†Sequoia acuminata Lesquereux 1875
†Sequoia acutifolia Newberry 1891
†Sequoia affinis Lesquereux 1876
†Sequoia albertensis Penhallow 1908
†Sequoia ambigua Heer 1878
+
Invalid names: Arthrotaxopsis expansa Fontaine 1906 [synonym], Sphenolepidium dentifolium Fontaine 1889 [synonym], Sphenolepidium recurvifolium Fontaine 1889 [synonym]
†Sequoia angustifolia Lesquereux 1872
†Sequoia bowerbankii Ettingshausen and Gardner 1879
+
Invalid names: Petrophiloides cellularis Bowerbank 1840 [synonym], Petrophiloides cylindricus Bowerbank 1840 [synonym]
†Sequoia brevifolia Heer 1868
†Sequoia burgessii Penhallow 1903
†Sequoia charlottensis Knowlton 1919
†Sequoia concinna Heer 1906
†Sequoia condita Lesquereux 1875
†Sequoia couttsiae Heer 1862
†Sequoia cuneata Newberry 1863
†Sequoia cycadopsis Fontaine 1889
†Sequoia delicatula Fontaine 1889
†Sequoia fairbanksi Fontaine 1905
†Sequoia fastigiata Sternberg 1833
†Sequoia formosa Lesquereux 1868
†Sequoia gracilis Heer 1873
†Sequoia gracillima Lesquereux 1868
†Sequoia heerii Lesquereux 1871
†Sequoia heterophylla Velenovsky 1885
†Sequoia jeholensis Endo 1951
†Sequoia langsdorfii Heer 1877
†Sequoia longifolia Lesquereux 1875
†Sequoia magnifica Knowlton 1898
†Sequoia magnifolia Knowlton 1916
†Sequoia maguanensis Zhang and Zhou 2015
†Sequoia minor Velenovsky 1886
†Sequoia nordenskioeldii Heer 1870
†Sequoia obovata Knowlton 1916
†Sequoia pagiophylloides Fontaine 1893
†Sequoia penhallowi Jeffrey 1904
†Sequoia reichenbachi Heer 1868
+
Invalid names: Sequoia densifolia Fontaine 1889 [synonym], Sequoia inferna Ward 1905 [synonym]
†Sequoia rigida Heer 1873
Sequoia sempervirens Don 1824 [coast redwood]
†Sequoia smittiana Heer 1872
†Sequoia spinosa Newberry 1882
†Sequoia winchellii Lesquereux 1884
G. Sequoiadendron Buchholz
+
†Sequoiadendron fordi Chandler 1978
+
Invalid names: Araucaria goepperti Gardner 1883 [synonym], Araucarites sternbergi Goeppert 1850 [replaced]
Sequoiadendron giganteum Buchholz 1939 [giant sequoia]
Subfm. Taiwanioideae
+
Subfm. Taxodioideae
+
G. Glyptostrobus Endlicher 1847 [Chinese swamp cypress]
+
†Glyptostrobus europaeus Brongniart 1833
†Glyptostrobus europaeus Unger 1850
†Glyptostrobus groenlandicus Heer 1874
Glyptostrobus pensilis Koch 1873 [Chines swamp cypress]
G. Taxodium Richard 1810
+
†Taxodium brookense Fontaine 1889
Taxodium distichum Linnaeus 1753 [bald cypress]
†Taxodium europaeum Brongniart 1833
†Taxodium lakense Chandler 1962
†Taxodium laramianum Penhallow 1904
Taxodium mucronatum Tenore 1853 [Montezume bald cypress]
†Taxodium occidentale Newberry 1863
Taxodium sempervirens Don 1824 [coast redwood]
†Taxodium tinajorum Heer 1871
†Taxodium virginicum Fontaine 1889
G. Thuites Sternberg 1823
+
†Thuites alaskensis Lesquereux 1882
†Thuites ehrenswaerdi Heer 1871
†Thuites interruptus Bell 1949
†Thuites meriani Heer 1873
Invalid names: Cupressaceoovulites Mahajan et al. 1985 [nomen nudum]
G. †Cyclopitys Schmalhausen 1879
+
†Cyclopitys dichotoma Feistmantel 1881
†Cyclopitys nordenskioldi Heer 1879
†Cyclopitys oregonensis Fontaine 1905
G. †Desmiophyllum Lesquereux 1878
+
†Desmiophyllum gracile Lesquereux 1878
†Desmiophyllum singhii Pal 1984
†Desmiophyllum taeniatum Lele 1962
G. †Diplostrobus Velenovsky and Viniklar 1931
+
†Diplostrobus stupeckyanus Velenovsky and Viniklar 1931
G. †Ernestiodendron Florin 1934
+
†Ernestiodendron filiciforme Schlotheim 1927
Invalid names: Ernestia Florin 1927 [replaced]
G. †Fraxinopsis Wieland 1929
+
†Fraxinopsis minor Wieland 1929
+
Invalid names: Cycadocarpidium andium Frenguelli 1941 [synonym], Cycadocarpidium minus Frenguelli 1944 [synonym]
G. †Fuchselia Endlicher 1847
+
†Fuchselia schimperi Endlicher 1847
+
Invalid names: Strobilites laricoides Schimper and Mougeot 1844 [replaced]
G. †Harrisiophyllum Pant et al. 1983
+
†Harrisiophyllum hacketioides Pant et al. 1983
+
Invalid names: Podozamites hacketi Feistmantel 1876 [synonym]
†Harrisiophyllum indicum Sahni 1928
+
Invalid names: Podozamites spathulatus Feistmantel 1876 [synonym]
†Harrisiophyllum linearis Pant et al. 1983
†Harrisiophyllum oblanceolatus Pant et al. 1983
†Harrisiophyllum spatulatus Pant et al. 1983
G. †Indophyllum Vishnu-Mittre 1958
+
†Indophyllum nipanica Vishnu-Mittre 1959
†Indophyllum raoi Vishnu-Mittre 1959
†Indophyllum sahnii Vishnu-Mittre 1958
G. †Lepidostrobus Brongniart 1828
+
†Lepidostrobus anthemis Koenig 1825
†Lepidostrobus kashmirensis Srivastava and Kapoor 1967
†Lepidostrobus majus Brongniart 1828
†Lepidostrobus ornatus Brongniart 1828
G. †Mehtaia Vishnu-Mittre 1958
+
†Mehtaia nipaniensis Vishnu-Mittre 1959
†Mehtaia rajmahalensis Vishnu-Mittre 1958
†Mehtaia santalensis Vishnu-Mittre 1959
G. †Nipanioruha Rao 1947
+
†Nipanioruha curvifolia Vishnu-Mittre 1959
†Nipanioruha granthia Rao 1947
†Nipanioruha lanceolata Vishnu-Mittre 1959
G. †Nipaniostrobus Rao 1943
+
†Nipaniostrobus aciculifolia Vishnu-Mittre 1959
†Nipaniostrobus pagiophylloides Vishnu-Mittre 1959
†Nipaniostrobus sahnii Rao 1943
G. †Palaeopiceoxylon Krausel 1949
+
†Palaeopiceoxylon thinosus Tidwell and Thayn 1985
†Palaeopiceoxylon transiens Shimakura 1937
G. †Palaeospiroxylon Prasad and Chandra 1980
+
†Palaeospiroxylon heterocellularis Prasad and Chandra 1980
Fm. †Palissyaceae
+
G. †Stachyotaxus Nathorst 1886
+
†Stachyotaxus elegans Nathorst 1908
†Stachyotaxus sampathkumaranii Rao 1964
†Stachyotaxus septentrionalis Agardh 1886
G. †Paracatervoxylon Pant and Singh 1987
+
†Paracatervoxylon biseriatum Pant and Singh 1987
†Paracatervoxylon raniganjensis Pant and Singh 1987
G. †Paranocladus Florin 1940
+
†Paranocladus dusenii Florin 1940
†Paranocladus indica Surange and Lele 1957
G. †Parapalaeospiroxylon Pant and Singh 1987
+
†Parapalaeospiroxylon burmundiaensis Pant and Singh 1987
G. †Petrophiloides Bowerbank 1840
+
†Petrophiloides conoideus Bowerbank 1840
†Petrophiloides ellipticus Bowerbank 1840
†Petrophiloides imbrica Bowerbank 1840
G. †Physematopitys Goeppert 1850
+
†Physematopitys goepperti Platen 1907
†Physematopitys salisburioides Goeppert 1850
G. †Pinostrobus Stopes 1915
+
†Pinostrobus sussexiensis Mantel 1915
†Pinostrobus vallidus Feistmantel 1875
G. †Pityanthus Nathorst 1899
G. †Pityoidolepis Hollick and Jeffrey 1909
+
†Pityoidolepis colbertii Ash 1999
†Pityoidolepis statenensis Hollick and Jeffrey 1909
G. †Planoxylon Stopes 1916
+
†Planoxylon hectori Stopes 1916
†Planoxylon indicum Vagyani and Mahabale 1974
Fm. Podocarpaceae Endlicher 1847 [podocarp]
+
G. Acmopyle Pilger 1903
+
†Acmopyle antarctica Florin 1940
†Acmopyle compactus Pole 1992
†Acmopyle florinii Hill and Carpenter 1991
†Acmopyle glabra Hill and Carpenter 1991
†Acmopyle setiger Hill and Carpenter 1991
+
Invalid names: Dacrycarpus setiger Greenwood 1987 [replaced]
†Acmopyle tasmanica Hill and Carpenter 1991
G. †Cuneatisporites Leschik
+
†Cuneatisporites exiguus Salujha 1965
†Cuneatisporites rarus Kar 1968
†Cuneatisporites rotatus Lele and Kulkarni 1969
G. Dacrycarpus de Laubenfels 1969
+
†Dacrycarpus acutifolius Wells and Hill 1989
†Dacrycarpus arcuatus Wells and Hill 1989
†Dacrycarpus carpenterii Jordan 1995
†Dacrycarpus crenulatus Wells and Hill 1989
†Dacrycarpus cupressiformis Wells and Hill 1989
†Dacrycarpus geminus Pole 1992
†Dacrycarpus involutus Wells and Hill 1989
†Dacrycarpus lanceolatus Wells and Hill 1989
†Dacrycarpus latrobensis Hill and Carpenter 1991
†Dacrycarpus linearis Wells and Hill 1989
†Dacrycarpus linifolius Wells and Hill 1989
†Dacrycarpus microfolius Jordan et al. 2011
†Dacrycarpus mucronatus Wells and Hill 1989
†Dacrycarpus patulus Hill and Merrifield 1993
†Dacrycarpus praecupressinus Greenwood 1987
+
Invalid names: Podocarpus praecupressina Ettingshausen 1886 [replaced]
G. †Dacrydium Soland and Lambert 1807
+
†Dacrydium aciculare Wells and Hill 1989
†Dacrydium fimbriatus Hill and Christophel 2001
†Dacrydium microphyllum Jordan et al. 2011
†Dacrydium mucronatus Hill and Christophel 2001
†Dacrydium sinuosum Wells and Hill 1989
†Dacrydium tasmanicum Wells and Hill 1989
†Dacrydium waimumuensis Jordan et al. 2011
G. †Decussocarpus de Laubenfels 1969
G. †Elatocladus Halle 1913
+
†Elatocladus bosei Maheshwari and Kumaran 1976
†Elatocladus cassinae Stockar and Kustatscher 2010
†Elatocladus chawadensis Bose and Banerji 1984
†Elatocladus conferta Feistmantel 1877
†Elatocladus denticulatus Pal 1984
†Elatocladus heterophylla Halle 1913
†Elatocladus jabalpurensis Feistmantel 1882
†Elatocladus kingianus Bose et al. 1982
†Elatocladus longifolia Borkar and Chiplonkar 1973
†Elatocladus plana Seward 1918
†Elatocladus pseudotenerrima Maheshwari and Kumaran 1976
†Elatocladus raoi Pal 1984
†Elatocladus sahnii Vishnu-Mittre 1959
†Elatocladus sehoraensis Maheshwari and Kumaran 1976
†Elatocladus tenerrima Feistmantel 1879
G. Falcatifolium de Laubenfels 1969
+
†Falcatifolium eocenica Hill and Scriven 1999
+
Invalid names: Dacrycarpus eocenica Greenwood 1987 [objective synonym]
G. †Gamerroites Archangelsky 1988
+
†Gamerroites psilasaccus Archangelsky 1988
†Gamerroites volkheimeri Archangelsky 1988
G. †Huncocladus Andruchow-Colombo et al. 2019
+
†Huncocladus laubenfelsii Andruchow-Colombo et al. 2019
G. †Lagarostrobos Quinn 1982
+
†Lagarostrobos franklinii Quinn 1982
†Lagarostrobos marginatus Wells and Hill 1989
G. †Lygistepollenites Harris 1965
+
†Lygistepollenites balmei Stover and Evans 1973
†Lygistepollenites florinii Stover and Evans 1973
G. †Mesembrioxylon Seward 1919
+
†Mesembrioxylon dudukurense Mahabale and Rao 1973
†Mesembrioxylon fusiforme Sahni 1973
†Mesembrioxylon godavarianum Sahni 1931
†Mesembrioxylon indicum Bharadwaj 1953
†Mesembrioxylon mahabalei Agashe 1969
†Mesembrioxylon malerianum Sahni 1931
†Mesembrioxylon mazzonii Petriella 1972
†Mesembrioxylon rajmahalense Jain 1965
†Mesembrioxylon sahnii Ramanujam 1963
†Mesembrioxylon sarmae Varma 1955
†Mesembrioxylon schmidianum Schleiden 1855
†Mesembrioxylon speciosum Ramanujam 1955
†Mesembrioxylon tirumangalense Suryanarayana 1953
†Mesembrioxylon tiruvakkaraianum Ramanujam 1953
†Mesembrioxylon trichinopoliense Varma 1955
†Mesembrioxylon woburnense Stopes 1915
G. †Mesibovia Wells and Hill 1989
G. †Microcachrydites Cookson 1947
G. †Microcachryidites Cookson 1947
+
†Microcachryidites antarctica Cookson 1947
†Microcachryidites antarcticus Couper 1953
†Microcachryidites castellanosii Menendez 1968
†Microcachryidites cesariae Llorens 2012
G. †Parvisaccites Couper 1958
+
†Parvisaccites amplus Brenner 1963
†Parvisaccites catastus Stover and Partridge 1973
†Parvisaccites magnus Kemp 1970
†Parvisaccites radiatus Couper 1958
†Parvisaccites rugulatus Brenner 1963
G. †Phyllocladidites Cookson 1947
+
†Phyllocladidites elongatus Zamaloa and Romero 2005
†Phyllocladidites mawsonii Cookson 1947
†Phyllocladidites microreticulatus Brenner 1963
†Phyllocladidites ruei Cookson 1947
†Phyllocladidites verrucosus Stover and Evans 1973
G. †Phyllocladoxylon Gothan 1905
+
†Phyllocladoxylon antarcticum Gothan 1905
†Phyllocladoxylon muelleri Schenk 1879
†Phyllocladoxylon pooleae Pujana et al. 2014
G. Phyllocladus Richard and Mirbel 1825
+
†Phyllocladus aberensis Hill 1989
†Phyllocladus annulatus Hill 1989
†Phyllocladus aspleniifolius Hooker 1845
†Phyllocladus elongatus Jordan et al. 2011
†Phyllocladus lobatus Hill 1989
†Phyllocladus morwellensis Deane 1925
G. †Platysaccus Naumova 1954
+
†Platysaccus brevizonatus Tiwari 1968
†Platysaccus crassimarginatus Lakhanpal et al. 1959
†Platysaccus densus Kar 1968
†Platysaccus hingirensis Tiwari 1968
†Platysaccus indicus Sah and Jain 1965
†Platysaccus indicus Venkatachala 1968
†Platysaccus katriensis Kar 1968
†Platysaccus megasaccus Brenner 1963
†Platysaccus ovatus Maithy 1965
†Platysaccus tenuis Lakhanpal et al. 1959
G. †Podocarpidites Cookson 1947
+
†Podocarpidites alareticulosus Sah and Jain 1965
†Podocarpidites auriculatus Archangelsky and Villar de Seoane 2005
†Podocarpidites canadensis Pocock 1962
†Podocarpidites cristiexinus Sah and Jain 1965
†Podocarpidites densus Venkatachala 1968
†Podocarpidites dettmannii Kemp 1970
†Podocarpidites elegans Romero 1977
†Podocarpidites elliptica Cookson 1947
†Podocarpidites ellipticus Cookson 1947
†Podocarpidites epistratus Brenner 1963
†Podocarpidites exiguus Harris 1965
†Podocarpidites futa Archangelsky and Villar de Seoane 2005
†Podocarpidites grandis Sah and Jain 1965
†Podocarpidites khasiensis Dutta and Sah 1970
†Podocarpidites marwickii Couper 1953
†Podocarpidites microreticuloidata Cookson 1947
+
Invalid names: Coniferipites abiesimilis Baksi 1962 [synonym], Coniferipites garoensis Baksi 1962 [synonym]
†Podocarpidites multesimus Pocock 1962
†Podocarpidites novus Sah and Jain 1965
†Podocarpidites otagoensis Couper 1953
†Podocarpidites parviauriculata Archangelsky and Villar de Seoane 2005
†Podocarpidites parviauriculatus Archangelsky and Villar de Seoane 2005
†Podocarpidites potomacensis Brenner 1963
†Podocarpidites psilasaccus Archangelsky and Romero 1974
†Podocarpidites radiatus Brenner 1963
†Podocarpidites rarus Singh et al. 1964
†Podocarpidites reticuloidata Cookson 1947
†Podocarpidites rugulosus Romero 1977
†Podocarpidites typicus Sah and Jain 1965
†Podocarpidites verrucosus Volkheimer 1972
†Podocarpidites vestitus Archangelsky and Villar de Seoane 2005
G. †Podocarpoovulites Sheikh and Kohle 1982
+
†Podocarpoovulites chitaleyi Sheikh and Kolhe 1982
Invalid names: Podocarpoovulites intertrappea Kapgate et al. 1985 [nomen nudum]
G. Podocarpus L'Heritier and Persoon 1807
+
†Podocarpus araucoensis Berry 1922
†Podocarpus fildesensis Zhou 1994
†Podocarpus inopinatus Florin 1940
†Podocarpus platyphyllum Greenwood 1987
†Podocarpus sinuatus Pole 1992
†Podocarpus stantoni Knowlton 1916
†Podocarpus travisiae Pole 1993
†Podocarpus witherdenensis Hill and Carpenter 1991
G. †Podosporites Rao 1943
+
†Podosporites castellanosii Filatoff 1975
†Podosporites microsaccatus Dettmann 1963
†Podosporites parvus Mildenhall 1978
+
Invalid names: Microcachryidites parvus Couper 1960 [synonym]
†Podosporites raoi Singh et al. 1964
†Podosporites tripakshi Rao 1943
†Podosporites variabilis Sukh-Dev 1961
G. †Podozamites Braun 1843
+
†Podozamites acuminatus Hollick 1895
†Podozamites acutifolius Fontaine 1889
+
Invalid names: Nageiopsis acuminata Fontaine 1889 [synonym]
†Podozamites agardhianus Nathorst 1878
†Podozamites carolinensis Fontaine 1900
†Podozamites distans Presl 1838
†Podozamites distantinervis Fontaine 1889
+
Invalid names: Podozamites pedicellatus Fontaine 1889 [synonym]
†Podozamites formosus Brown 1911
†Podozamites grandifolius Fontaine 1889
†Podozamites haydenii Lesquereux 1868
†Podozamites inaequilateralis Fontaine 1889
+
Invalid names: Nageiopsis montanensis Fontaine 1889 [synonym]
†Podozamites knowltoni Berry 1909
+
Invalid names: Podozamites angustifolius Eichwald 1860 [synonym]
†Podozamites lanceolatus Lindley and Hutton 1840
+
Invalid names: Podozamites eichwaldi Schimper 1870 [synonym]
†Podozamites longifolius Emmons 1856
†Podozamites marginatus Heer 1882
†Podozamites mucronatus Harris 1935
†Podozamites oblongus Lesquereux 1883
†Podozamites pachynervis Fontaine 1905
†Podozamites pachyphyllus Fontaine 1905
†Podozamites pinnatus Cantrill 1991
†Podozamites proximans Conrad 1869
†Podozamites pulchellus Heer 1876
†Podozamites schenki Heer 1876
†Podozamites stenopus Lesquereux 1891
†Podozamites tenuinervis Heer 1882
†Podozamites tenuistriatus Rogers 1843
G. Retrophyllum Page 1989
+
†Retrophyllum australe Hill and Merrifield 1993
†Retrophyllum spiralifolium Wilf et al. 2017
†Retrophyllum superstes Wilf et al. 2017
G. †Sigmaphyllum Hill and Scriven 1999
+
†Sigmaphyllum australis Hill and Scriven 1999
+
Invalid names: Falcatifolium australis Greenwood 1987 [objective synonym]
†Sigmaphyllum tasmanensis Hill and Scriven 1999
G. †Smithtonia Hill and Pole 1992
+
†Smithtonia jonesii Hill and Pole 1992
†Smithtonia lanceolata Hill and Pole 1992
+
Invalid names: Prumnopitys lanceolata Greenwood 1987 [objective synonym]
†Smithtonia victoriensis Hill and Pole 1992
+
Invalid names: Decussocarpus brownei Greenwood 1987 [replaced]
G. †Trichotomosulcites Couper 1953
+
†Trichotomosulcites microsaccatus Schrank 2010
†Trichotomosulcites subgranulatus Couper 1953
G. †Trisaccites Menéndez 1968
+
†Trisaccites microsaccatum Couper 1953
†Trisaccites microsaccatus Couper 1953
G. †Willungia Hill and Pole 1992
+
†Willungia maslinensis Hill and Pole 1992
+
Invalid names: Decussocarpus maslinensis Blackburn 1981 [replaced]
†Willungia oppositifolia Hill and Pole 1992
G. †Podostrobus Rao and Bose 1971
+
†Podostrobus rajmahalensis Rao 1943
+
Invalid names: Masculostrobus podocarpoides Vishnu-Mittre 1959 [synonym]
†Podostrobus sahnii Vishnu-Mittre 1956
G. †Protophyllocladoxylon Krausel 1939
+
†Protophyllocladoxylon francisiae Pujana et al. 2014
†Protophyllocladoxylon indicum Pant and Singh 1987
†Protophyllocladoxylon leuchsi Kraeusel 1939
G. †Samaropsis Göppert 1864
+
†Samaropsis bigelowii Ash 1999
†Samaropsis feistmantelii Maithy 1965
†Samaropsis finchii Ash 1999
†Samaropsis ganjrensis Saksena 1956
†Samaropsis goraiensis Surange and Lele 1957
†Samaropsis lamyensis Ash 1999
†Samaropsis menisca Lele 1963
†Samaropsis oregonensis Fontaine 1905
†Samaropsis raniganjensis Seward and Sahni 1920
†Samaropsis romeri Ash 1999
†Samaropsis srivastavae Lele 1955
†Samaropsis surangei Lele 1963
†Samaropsis ulmiformis Goeppert 1864
†Samaropsis whitensis Ash 1999
G. †Schizolepis Braun 1847
+
†Schizolepis braunii Schenk 1867
†Schizolepis liasokeuperiana Braun 1847
G. †Spermatostrobus Velenovsky and Viniklar 1927
+
†Spermatostrobus suspectus Velenovsky and Viniklar 1927
G. †Strobilites Lindley and Hutton 1833
+
†Strobilites anceps Berry 1914
†Strobilites davisii Hollick and Jeffrey 1909
†Strobilites elongata Lindley and Hutton 1833
†Strobilites inquirendus Hollick 1897
†Strobilites microsporophorus Hollick and Jeffrey 1909
†Strobilites ontheaensis Ganju 1947
†Strobilites perplexus Hollick 1906
†Strobilites sewardii Sahni 1928
G. †Strobilostrobus Bayer 1914
+
†Strobilostrobus velenovskyanus Bayer 1914
+
Invalid names: Echinostrobus squamosus Velenovsky 1889 [replaced]
G. †Szecladia Yao et al. 2000
G. †Taxodiaceaepollenites Kremp 1958
G. †Taxodiella Zalessky 1939
G. †Torreyites Seward 1919
+
†Torreyites constricta Feistmantel 1879
†Torreyites sitholeyi Ganju 1947
G. †Voltziaceaesporites Klaus
G. †Walkomiella Florin 1944
+
†Walkomiella australis Feistmantel 1940
†Walkomiella indica Surange and Singh 1951
Invalid names: Walkomia Florin 1940 [replaced]
G. †Walkomiellospermum Pant and Srivastava 1964
+
†Walkomiellospermum indicum Pant and Srivastava 1964
G. †Zeugophyllites Brongniart 1828
Invalid names: Araucarineae [empty], Aulacolepis Ettingshausen 1895 [nomen nudum], Coniferaepites Biswas [nomen nudum], Coniferipites Baksi [nomen nudum], Pararaucariaceae [empty], Taxodineae [empty]
Or. †Cordaitales Scott 1909
+
G. †Apaloxylon Renault 1892
+
†Apaloxylon rocheri Renault 1892
Invalid names: Hapaloxylon Renault 1896 [synonym]
G. †Arberia White 1908
+
†Arberia indica White 1908
†Arberia minasica White 1908
†Arberia surangei Chandra and Srivastava 1981
†Arberia umbellata Surange and Lele 1957
G. †Cheirophyllum Pant and Singh 1978
+
†Cheirophyllum lacerata Feistmantel 1882
Invalid names: Palmatophyllites Maithy 1965 [synonym]
G. †Cordaicarpus Geinitz 1862
+
†Cordaicarpus chichariensis Lele 1963
†Cordaicarpus karharbarense Maithy 1965
†Cordaicarpus ovatus Lele 1963
†Cordaicarpus zeilleri Maithy 1965
G. †Cordaifloyos Grand'Eury 1877
G. †Cormocordaites Grand'Eury 1890
G. †Dolianitia Millan 1967
+
†Dolianitia karharbarensis Maithy 1970
†Dolianitia opposita Millan 1967
G. †Rhizocordaites Grand'Eury 1890
Invalid names: Cordaiphloeum Grand'Eury 1877 [nomen nudum]
G. †Cycadocarpidium Nathorst 1886
+
†Cycadocarpidium asaense Kon'no 1961
†Cycadocarpidium dzerganense Genkina 1966
†Cycadocarpidium erdmanni Nathorst 1886
†Cycadocarpidium giganteum Sun 1979
†Cycadocarpidium insignis Genkina 1963
†Cycadocarpidium issykkulense Genkina 1963
†Cycadocarpidium nagatoense Kon'no 1961
†Cycadocarpidium swabii Oishi 1932
G. †Eurysacis Schulze 1887
G. †Retinoxylon Endlicher 1847
+
†Retinoxylon pityoides Zenker 1833
Invalid names: Retinodendron Zenker 1833 [replaced]
Invalid names: Legnophora Heer 1864 [nomen dubium], Legnophora girardi Heer 1864 [nomen dubium]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
No ecological data are available
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Late/Upper Givetian to the top of the Holocene or 388.10000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 383.7 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 383.7 Ma
Collections (3943 total)
Oldest occurrences | |||
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Middle Devonian | USA (Michigan) | Callixylon newberryi (14248) | |
| Late/Upper Givetian | USA (New York) | Callixylon petryi (14291) | |
| Early/Lower Frasnian | Canada (Alberta) | Callixylon zalesskyi (21241) | |
| Early/Lower Frasnian | USA (New York) | Callixylon petryi (14276 14293) | |
| Frasnian | USA (Virginia) | Callixylon sp. (21109) | |
| Frasnian | USA (New York) | Callixylon petryi, Callixylon Zalesskyi (14269) Callixylon sp. (14249 14270 14274 14277 28532 29006) Callixylon zalesskyi (14297 21242) Euphyllophytina B4 (28516) | |
| Frasnian | USA (Ohio) | Callixylon newberryi (74950 74951) | |
| Late/Upper Devonian | USA (New York) | Callixylon erianum (14217) | |
| Late/Upper Devonian | USA (Pennsylvania) | Lepidostrobus gallowayi, Callixylon sp. (14221) | |
| Late/Upper Devonian | USA (Virginia) | Callixylon sp. (21199) | |
| Late/Upper Devonian | Canada (Quebec) | Lepidostrobus sp. (21231) | |
| Late/Upper Devonian | China (Jiangsu) | Lepidostrobus grabaui (209613) | |
| Late/Upper Devonian | Canada (Nunavut) | Callixylon sp. (21216) | |
| Late/Upper Devonian | Canada (Alberta) | Callixylon trifilievi (22936) | |
| Famennian | USA (Indiana) | Archaeopitys eastmanii, Callixylon brownii, Arnoldella minuta (21033) Callixylon newberryi (20776 21038) | |
| Famennian | USA (West Virginia) | Callixylon sp. (21200) | |
| Famennian | USA (Kentucky) | Archaeopitys eastmanii (20977 21031 21036) Lepidostrobus fisheri (21177) Lepidostrobus kentuckiensis, Archaeopitys eastmanii, Arnoldella minuta (21168) Lepidostrobus kentuckiensis, Archaeopitys eastmanii, Callixylon brownii (21032) Lepidostrobus kentuckiensis, Archaeopitys eastmanii, Callixylon brownii, Arnoldella minuta (20976) | |
| Famennian | USA (Pennsylvania) | Callixylon sp. (14224 14257) | |
| Middle Famennian | USA (West Virginia) | Callixylon erianum (21198) Callixylon sp. (21201) | |
| Late/Upper Famennian | USA (Ohio) | Callixylon clevelandensis (21236) | |