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Equisetophyta
Taxonomy
Equisetophyta was named by Scott (1900) [Upchurch et al. (1994) called this a division.]. It is extant.
It was assigned to Pteridophytanae by Doweld (2001).
It was assigned to Pteridophytanae by Doweld (2001).
Synonymy list
Year | Name and author |
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1900 | Equisetophyta Scott pp. 13, 489, 492–493 |
2001 | Equisetophyta Doweld |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Ph. Equisetophyta Scott 1900
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Cl. †Asterocalamitopsida Doweld 2001
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Cl. †Calamitopsida Endlicher 1841
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Or. †Calamitales Eichwald 1852
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G. †Calamorrhiza Grand'Eury 1877
G. †Crinophyllum Achepohl 1882
G. †Weissistachys Rothwell and Taylor 1971
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†Weissistachys kentuckiense Rothwell and Taylor 1971
Invalid names: Weissia Rothwell and Taylor 1971 [replaced]
Invalid names: Cingulariaceae Doweld 2001 [empty], Kallostachyaceae Doweld 2001 [empty]
Invalid names: Calamocarpales Doweld 2001 [empty]
Cl. Equisetopsida Agardh 1825
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Subcl. †Anthocerotidae Engler and Prantl 1893
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G. †Foraminisporis Krutzsch 1959
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†Foraminisporis asymmetricus Dettmann 1963
†Foraminisporis dailyi Dettmann 1963
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Invalid names: Nevesisporites dailyi Blackhouse 1988 [synonym]
†Foraminisporis medius Dutta and Sah 1970
†Foraminisporis paucispinosus Doring 1973
†Foraminisporis tribulosus Playford and Dettmann 1965
†Foraminisporis wonthaggiensis Dettmann 1963
Or. †Gondwanostachyales Doweld 2001
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Fm. †Tchernoviaceae Meyen 1983
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G. †Umbellaphyllites Rasskazova 1961
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†Umbellaphyllites annularioides Rasskazova 1961
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Invalid names: Annulina annularioides Meyen 1971 [replaced]
†Umbellaphyllites iljinskiensis Doweld 2002
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Invalid names: Gamophyllites iljinskiensis Radczenko 1962 [replaced]
†Umbellaphyllites kuschejakovensis Doweld 2002
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Invalid names: Gamophyllites kuschejakovensis Gorelova 1962 [replaced]
†Umbellaphyllites longifolius Doweld 2002
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Invalid names: Gamophyllites longifolius Gorelova 1973 [replaced]
†Umbellaphyllites neuburgianus Doweld 2002
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Invalid names: Annularia neuburgiana Radczenko 1934 [replaced], Annulina neuburgiana Radchenko 1954 [replaced], Annulina syrjagensis Neuburg 1964 [synonym]
†Umbellaphyllites planifolius Doweld 2002
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Invalid names: Annularia planifolia Radczenko 1956 [replaced], Annulina planifolia Radczenko 1964 [replaced]
†Umbellaphyllites tchumyshensis Doweld 2002
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Invalid names: Gamophyllites tchumyshensis Gorelova 1973 [replaced]
†Umbellaphyllites usjatensis Doweld 2002
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Invalid names: Gamophyllites usjatensis Gorelova 1962 [replaced]
Invalid names: Annulina Neuberg 1954 [synonym], Gamophyllites Radczenko 1962 [synonym]
G. †Paraphyllanthoxylon Bailey 1924
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†Paraphyllanthoxylon antarcticum Pujana et al. 2018
†Paraphyllanthoxylon arizonense Bailey 1924
†Paraphyllanthoxylon bangalamodense Navale 1962
†Paraphyllanthoxylon keriense Dayal 1968
†Paraphyllanthoxylon palaeoemblica Prakash et al. 1986
†Paraphyllanthoxylon tertiarum Ramanujam 1956
Invalid names: Glochidioxylon Ramanujam 1956 [synonym], Paraphyllanthoxylon gaulkheraense Gayakwad 1986 [nomen nudum], Paraphyllanthoxylon mohgaoensis Trivedi 1979 [nomen nudum]
Subcl. Pinidae Cronquist et al. 1966
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Fm. Araucariaceae Henckel and Hochstetter 1865
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G. Agathis Salisbury 1807
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†Agathis berwickensis Pole et al. 1993
†Agathis brevigongylodes Hill et al. 2008
†Agathis kendrickii Hill and Merrifield 1993
†Agathis tasmanica Hill and Bigwood 1987
†Agathis vittatus Hill et al. 2008
†Agathis zamunerae Wilf et al. 2014
G. †Agathoxylon Hartig 1848
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†Agathoxylon antarcticum Pujana et al. 2014
†Agathoxylon cordaianum Hartig 1848
†Agathoxylon liguaensis Torres and Philippe 2002
†Agathoxylon pseudoparenchymatosum Gothan 1908
G. †Alkastrobus Del Fueyo and Archangelsky 2005
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†Alkastrobus peltatus Del Fueyo and Archangelsky 2005
G. Araucaria de Jussieu 1789
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†Araucaria annulata Pole 1992
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Invalid names: Araucarioides annulata Bigwood and Hill 1985 [replaced]
†Araucaria balcombensis Selling 1950
†Araucaria bladenensis Berry 1908
†Araucaria clarkii Berry 1910
†Araucaria darlingtonensis Berry 1914
†Araucaria fibrosa Césari et al. 2009
†Araucaria fimbriatus Hill 1990
†Araucaria grandifolia Del Fueyo and Archangelsky 2002
†Araucaria hastiensis Hill and Bigwood 1987
†Araucaria hatcheri Wieland 1908
†Araucaria jeffreyi Berry 1908
†Araucaria lefipanensis Andruchow-Colombo et al. 2018
†Araucaria lignitici Cookson and Duigan 1951
†Araucaria longifolia Brown 1962
†Araucaria marensii Cantrill and Poole 2005
†Araucaria marylandica Berry 1916
†Araucaria megastrobilii Sharma and Bohra 1977
†Araucaria nathorsti Dusen 1899
†Araucaria obtusifolia Fontaine 1889
†Araucaria planus Hill 1990
†Araucaria podocarpoides Fontaine 1889
†Araucaria prominens Hill 1990
†Araucaria readiae Hill and Bigwood 1987
†Araucaria spatulata Newberry 1868
†Araucaria taeriensis Pole 1995
†Araucaria uncinatus Hill 1990
†Araucaria zamioides Fontaine 1889
G. †Araucariacites Cookson and Couper 1953
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†Araucariacites australis Cookson 1947
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Invalid names: Araucariacites ghuneriensis Singh et al. 1964 [objective synonym]
†Araucariacites cooksonii Singh et al. 1964
†Araucariacites fissus Reiser and Williams 1969
†Araucariacites ghoshii Srivastava 1966
†Araucariacites guianensis Van der Hammen and Burger 1966
†Araucariacites hungaricus Deak 1964
†Araucariacites indicus Sukh-Dev 1961
†Araucariacites limbatus Habib 1969
†Araucariacites pergranulatus Volkheimer 1968
Invalid names: Granulonapites Cookson [synonym]
G. †Araucarioides Bigwood and Hill 1985
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†Araucarioides linearis Bigwood and Hill 1985
†Araucarioides sinuosa Bigwood and Hill 1985
G. †Araucarioxylon Kraus 1870
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†Araucarioxylon arizonicum Knowlton 1888
†Araucarioxylon barakarense Surange and Saxena 1959
†Araucarioxylon bikanerense Harsh and Sharma 1988
†Araucarioxylon bradshawianum Bajpai and Maheshwari 1986
†Araucarioxylon carbonaceum Witham 1833
†Araucarioxylon hoppertonae Knowlton 1899
†Araucarioxylon kharkhariense Maithy 1965
†Araucarioxylon kothariensis Agashe and Prasad 1984
†Araucarioxylon kumarpurensis Bajpai and Singh 1986
†Araucarioxylon lathiense Agashe et al. 1981
†Araucarioxylon loharense Agashe and Gowda 1978
†Araucarioxylon meyenii Agashe and Gowda 1983
†Araucarioxylon mohgaoensis Lakhanpal et al. 1977
†Araucarioxylon nandorii Vagyani and Raju 1981
†Araucarioxylon ningahense Maheshwari 1965
†Araucarioxylon noveboracense Hollick and Jeffrey 1909
†Araucarioxylon obscurum Knowlton 1900
†Araucarioxylon parbeliense Rao 1935
†Araucarioxylon prosseri Penhallow 1900
†Araucarioxylon semibiseriatum Pant and Singh 1987
†Araucarioxylon surangei Agashe et al. 1981
†Araucarioxylon virginianum Knowlton 1889
†Araucarioxylon woodworthi Knowlton 1899
†Araucarioxylon wynnei Borkar and Bonde 1986
G. †Araucarites Presl 1833
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†Araucarites aquiensis Fontaine
†Araucarites bindrabunensis Vishnu-Mittre 1955
†Araucarites chiquito Ward 1900
†Araucarites cuneatus Ward 1899
†Araucarites cutchensis Feistmantel 1876
†Araucarites fibrosa Sukh-Dev and Bose 1974
†Araucarites goepperti Presl 1838
†Araucarites indica Lele 1962
†Araucarites janaianus Bose and Banerji 1984
†Araucarites macropterus Feistmantel 1877
†Araucarites minutus Bose and Maheshwari 1973
†Araucarites mittrii Bohra and Sharma 1980
†Araucarites nipaniensis Singh 1957
†Araucarites ooliticum Carruthers 1868
†Araucarites ovatus Hollick 1897
†Araucarites parsorensis Lele 1955
†Araucarites patapscoensis Berry 1911
†Araucarites pennsylvanicus Fontaine 1900
†Araucarites sehoraensis Bose and Maheshwari 1973
†Araucarites selseyensis Chandler 1961
†Araucarites virginicus Fontaine 1889
†Araucarites wyomingensis Fontaine 1899
†Araucarites yorkensis Fontaine 1900
†Araucarites zeilleri Berry 1908
Invalid names: Kaidacarpum Carruthers 1868 [synonym]
G. †Balmeiopsis Archangelsky 1977
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†Balmeiopsis glenelgensis Cookson and Dettmann 1958
†Balmeiopsis limbata Archangelsky 1979
†Balmeiopsis limbatus Balme 1957
†Balmeiopsis robusta Blackhouse 1988
G. †Balmeisporites Cookson and Dettmann 1958
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†Balmeisporites auriculatus Hall 1963
†Balmeisporites glenelgensis Cookson and Dettman 1958
†Balmeisporites holodictyus Cookson and Dettmann 1958
†Balmeisporites limbatus Balme 1957
†Balmeisporites tridictyus Cookson and Dettman 1958
G. †Brachyphyllum Brongniart 1828
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†Brachyphyllum bansaensis Sukh-Dev and Bose 1974
†Brachyphyllum brevifolia Srivastava et al. 1984
†Brachyphyllum comancheanum Ash 1999
†Brachyphyllum crassicaule Fontaine
†Brachyphyllum eikaiostomum Sukh-Dev and Bose 1974
†Brachyphyllum expansum Sternberg 1876
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Invalid names: Pachyphyllum heterophyllum Feistmantel 1879 [synonym]
†Brachyphyllum florinii Vishnu-Mittre 1959
†Brachyphyllum kachaikensis Passalia 2007
†Brachyphyllum mamillare Brongniart 1828
†Brachyphyllum pantii Srivastava and Nautiyal 1982
†Brachyphyllum parceramosum Fontaine 1890
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Invalid names: Brachyphyllum texense Fontaine 1893 [synonym]
†Brachyphyllum regularis Borkar and Chiplonkar 1973
†Brachyphyllum rhombicum Feistmantel 1877
†Brachyphyllum rhomboidalis Srivastava et al. 1984
†Brachyphyllum royii Bose and Banerji 1984
†Brachyphyllum sattlerae Batista et al. 2020
†Brachyphyllum sehoraensis Bose and Maheshwari 1973
†Brachyphyllum spiroxylum Bose 1952
†Brachyphyllum suryanarayanaii Sukh-Dev and Bose 1974
†Brachyphyllum theraniense Sukh-Dev and Bose 1974
†Brachyphyllum yorkense Fontaine 1900
G. †Cyclusphaera Elsik 1966
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†Cyclusphaera crassa Archangelsky 1983
†Cyclusphaera doubingeri Salard-Cheboldaeff 1978
†Cyclusphaera euribei Elsik 1966
†Cyclusphaera psilata Volkheimer and Sepulveda 1976
†Cyclusphaera radiata Archangelsky 1983
G. †Dadoxylon Endlicher 1847
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†Dadoxylon adhariense Prasad 1982
†Dadoxylon agathioides Kräusel and Jain 1964
†Dadoxylon amraparense Sah and Jain 1964
†Dadoxylon bengalense Holden 1917
†Dadoxylon bindrabunense Sah and Jain 1964
†Dadoxylon chandaensis Chitaley 1949
†Dadoxylon chandrapuraensis Prasad and Chandra 1982
†Dadoxylon chhindwarensis Billimoria 1948
†Dadoxylon deccani Shukla 1938
†Dadoxylon eocenum Chitaley 1949
†Dadoxylon indicum Holden 1917
†Dadoxylon jamudhiense Maheshwari 1964
†Dadoxylon jurassicum Bharadwaj 1953
†Dadoxylon maharashtraensis Prasad 1982
†Dadoxylon mandroense Sah and Jain 1964
†Dadoxylon parenchymosum Surange and Maithy 1963
†Dadoxylon pseudoparenchymatosum Zamuner 2000
†Dadoxylon rajmahalense Sahni 1931
†Dadoxylon resinosum Shukla 1944
†Dadoxylon santalense Sah and Jain 1964
†Dadoxylon shuklae Singhai 1958
Invalid names: Dadoxylon kumarpurensis Fox 1934 [nomen nudum]
G. †Dammara Gaertner 1791
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†Dammara acicularis Knowlton 1916
†Dammara borealis Heer 1882
†Dammara cliffwoodensis Hollick 1897
†Dammara northportensis Hollick 1904
G. †Dammarites Presl 1838
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†Dammarites albens Presl 1838
†Dammarites caudatus Lesquereux 1883
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Invalid names: Podozamites praelongus Lesquereux 1883 [synonym]
†Dammarites dubius Dawson 1893
†Dammarites emarginatus Lesquereux 1883
G. †Dilwynites Harris 1965
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†Dilwynites granulatus Harris 1965
†Dilwynites tuberculatus Harris 1965
G. †Moranocladus Seward and Sahni 1926
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†Moranocladus oldhami Zeiller 1902
Invalid names: Morania Seward and Sahni 1920 [replaced]
G. †Pagiophyllum Heer 1881
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†Pagiophyllum amplexicaulis Srivastava et al. 1984
†Pagiophyllum araucaroides Vishnu-Mittre 1959
†Pagiophyllum bansaensis Bose and Sukh-Dev 1972
†Pagiophyllum bosei Pal 1984
†Pagiophyllum brevifolium Newberry 1888
†Pagiophyllum chawadensis Bose and Banerji 1984
†Pagiophyllum circinicum Saporta 1881
†Pagiophyllum divaricatum Bunbury 1876
†Pagiophyllum dubium Fontaine 1893
†Pagiophyllum falcatum Bartolin 1916
†Pagiophyllum grantii Bose and Banerji 1984
†Pagiophyllum indicum Srivastava et al. 1984
†Pagiophyllum kurrii Pomel 1872
†Pagiophyllum marwarensis Bose and Sukh-Dev 1972
†Pagiophyllum morrisii Bose and Banerji 1984
†Pagiophyllum newberryi Ward 1900
†Pagiophyllum papillatus Cantrill et al. 1995
†Pagiophyllum peregrinum Lindley and Hutton 1833
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Invalid names: Walchia variabilis Emmons 1857 [synonym]
†Pagiophyllum rewaensis Bose and Sukh-Dev 1972
†Pagiophyllum satpuraensis Maheshwari and Kumaran 1976
†Pagiophyllum sherensis Maheshwari and Kumaran 1976
†Pagiophyllum simile Newberry 1888
†Pagiophyllum simpsonii Ash 1970
†Pagiophyllum spinosum Sukh-Dev and Rajanikanth 1988
†Pagiophyllum steenstrupi Bartolin 1914
†Pagiophyllum williamsonis Brongniart 1849
G. †Protodammara Hollick and Jeffrey 1906
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†Protodammara speciosa Hollick and Jeffrey 1906
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Invalid names: Dammara minor Hollick 1906 [synonym]
Fm. †Cheirolepidiaceae Turutanova-Ketova 1963
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G. †Classopollis Pflug 1953
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†Classopollis alexi Burger 1965
†Classopollis anasillos Filatoff 1975
†Classopollis brasiliensis Herngreen 1975
†Classopollis chateaunovii Reyre 1970
†Classopollis classoides Pflug 1953
†Classopollis indicus Maheshwari 1974
†Classopollis intrareticulatus Volkheimer 1972
†Classopollis klausi Boltenhagen 1976
†Classopollis maljawkineae Boltenhagen 1976
†Classopollis meyeriana de Jersey 1973
†Classopollis minor Pocock and Jansonius 1961
†Classopollis patagonicus De Benedetti et al. 2023
†Classopollis perplexus Boltenhagen 1976
†Classopollis pflugii Pocock and Jansonius 1961
†Classopollis senegalensis Reyre 1970
†Classopollis simplex Reiser and Williams 1969
†Classopollis torosus Burger 1965
†Classopollis triangularis Lei 1981
Invalid names: Corollina Maljavkina 1949 [synonym]
G. †Frenelopsis Schenk 1869
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†Frenelopsis gracilis Newberry 1895
†Frenelopsis hoheneggeri Schenk 1869
†Frenelopsis parceramosa Fontaine 1889
†Frenelopsis ramosissima Fontaine 1889
†Frenelopsis varians Fontaine 1893
G. †Hirmeriella Hörhammer 1933
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†Hirmeriella muensteri Schenk 1867
†Hirmeriella rhatoliassica Hörhammer 1933
Invalid names: Cheirolepis Schimper 1870 [replaced]
G. †Pararaucaria Wieland 1935
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†Pararaucaria delfueyoi Escapa et al. 2013
†Pararaucaria patagonica Wieland 1935
G. †Pseudofrenelopsis Nathorst 1893
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†Pseudofrenelopsis felixi Nathorst 1893
†Pseudofrenelopsis parceramosa Watson
G. †Watsoniocladus Srinivasan 1995
Or. Cupressales Link 1829
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G. †Inaperturopollenites Potonié 1966
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†Inaperturopollenites atlanticus Groot et al. 1961
†Inaperturopollenites crisopolensis Regali 1974
†Inaperturopollenites dubius Thomson and Pflug 1953
†Inaperturopollenites giganteus Goczan 1964
†Inaperturopollenites hiatus Thomson and Pflug 1953
†Inaperturopollenites indicus Srivastava 1966
†Inaperturopollenites laevigatus Takahashi 1957
†Inaperturopollenites limbatus Balme 1957
†Inaperturopollenites pseudoreticulatus Brenner 1963
†Inaperturopollenites ruptus Potonié and Sah 1960
†Inaperturopollenites simplex Regali 1974
†Inaperturopollenites turbatus Balme 1957
†Inaperturopollenites undulatus Weyland and Greifeld 1953
G. †Sphaeripollenites Couper 1958
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†Sphaeripollenites elphinstonei Jansonius 1962
†Sphaeripollenites psilatus Couper 1958
†Sphaeripollenites scabratus Couper 1958
†Spheripollenites perinatus Brenner 1963
Or. †Sphenophyllales Seward 1898
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Fm. †Sphenophyllaceae
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G. †Sphenophyllum König 1825
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†Sphenophyllum churulianum Srivastava and Rigby 1983
†Sphenophyllum crenulatum Maithy 1978
†Sphenophyllum elongatum Rasskazova 1961
†Sphenophyllum emarginatum Brongniart 1822
†Sphenophyllum gondwanensis Singh et al. 1986
†Sphenophyllum radiatum Unger 1850
†Sphenophyllum thonii Mahr 1968
†Sphenophyllum utkalensis Pant et al. 1985
Invalid names: Sardykphyllum Zalessky 1929 [synonym], Sphenophyllites Brongniart 1822 [replaced]
Invalid names: Bryidae [empty], Echinostachyales Doweld 2001 [empty], Equisetophyceae [replaced]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
No ecological data are available
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Givetian to the top of the Pleistocene or 387.70000 to 0.01170 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 382.7 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 382.7 Ma
Collections (2428 total)
Oldest occurrences | |||
Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
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Middle Devonian | USA (New York) | Dadoxylon halli (14214) | |
Givetian | USA (New York) | Dadoxylon sp. (21167) | |
Late/Upper Devonian | China (Jiangsu) | Sphenophyllum sp. (209613) | |
Famennian | USA (Kentucky) | Siderella scotti (20976 21168) | |
Famennian | USA (Indiana) | Siderella scotti (21033) | |
Middle Famennian | USA (West Virginia) | Sphenophyllum subtenerrimmum, Eviostachya sp. (21198) | |
Late/Upper Famennian | Belgium (Namur) | Eviostachya hoegi (32278) Eviostachya hoegii (32272 32280) | |
Late/Upper Famennian | Belgium (Liege) | Sphenophyllum subtenerrimum (23335) | |
Hastarian | Germany (Nordrhein-Westfalen) | Sphenophyllum sp. (38293) | |
Hastarian - Ivorian | Germany (Thuringia) | Sphenophyllum sp. (20975) | |
Tournaisian | Germany (Thuringia) | Sphenophyllum sp. (21366) | |
Tournaisian | France (SC Massif Central) | Araucarioxylon sp. (21362) | |
Mississippian | France (Montagne Noire) | Sphenophyllum sp. (10663) | |
Mississippian | Canada (Nova Scotia) | Dadoxylon acadianum (13094) | |
Mississippian | USA (Kentucky) | Bowmanites dawsoni (13593) | |
Mississippian | Canada (New Brunswick) | Dadoxylon antiquius (13089) Sphenophyllum antiquum, Sphenophyllum cuneifolium, Dadoxylon ouangondianum (12421) | |
Mississippian | USA (West Virginia) | Sphenophyllum cuneifolium (12983 12985) Sphenophyllum cuneifolium, Sphenophyllum majus, Sphenophyllum emarginatum (12984) | |
Mississippian | USA (Missouri) | Sphenophyllum cunefolium, Sphenophyllum majus (12122) | |
Carboniferous - Desmoinesian | USA (Missouri) | Sphenophyllum fasciculatum, Sphenophyllum longifolium, Sphenophyllum emarginatum (11196) | |
Carboniferous | USA (Iowa) | Litostrobus paulus, Litostrobus iowensis (12670) |