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Equisetophyta

Taxonomy
Equisetophyta was named by Scott (1900) [Upchurch et al. (1994) called this a division.]. It is extant.

It was assigned to Pteridophytanae by Doweld (2001).

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1900Equisetophyta Scott pp. 13, 489, 492–493
2001Equisetophyta Doweld

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomPlantae
superphylumTracheophyta
Pteridobiotina
RankNameAuthor
superphylumPteridophytanae
phylumEquisetophytaScott 1900
phylumEquisetophytaScott 1900

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Ph. Equisetophyta Scott 1900
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Cl. †Asterocalamitopsida Doweld 2001
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Or. †Asterocalamitales Nakai 1943
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Invalid names: Asterocalamitaceae Hirmer 1927 [empty]
Or. †Autophyllitales Doweld 2001
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Invalid names: Autophyllitaceae Nakai 1943 [empty]
Cl. †Calamitopsida Endlicher 1841
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Or. †Calamitales Eichwald 1852
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G. †Arthroxylon Reed 1952
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G. †Astromyelon Williamson 1883
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Astromyelon williamsonis Cash and Hicks 1883
G. †Calamorrhiza Grand'Eury 1877
G. †Caudaephyllum Achepohl 1883
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Caudaephyllum longifolium Achepohl 1883
G. †Crinophyllum Achepohl 1882
G. †Dictyocalamites Arber 1912
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Dictyocalamites burri Arber 1912
G. †Hippurites Lindley and Hutton 1834
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Hippurites gigantea Lindley and Hutton 1834
G. †Mazostachys Kosanke 1955
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Mazostachys pedulata Kosanke 1955
G. †Myriophylloides Hick and Cash 1881
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Myriophylloides williamsoni Hick and Cash 1881
G. †Stachannularia Weiss 1876
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Stachannularia tuberculata Sternberg 1876
G. †Szecalamitina Doweld 2012
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Szecalamitina yangiae Doweld 2012
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Invalid names: Siella leptocostata Yang 2006 [replaced]
Invalid names: Siella Yang 2006 [objective synonym]
G. †Taphrocanna Eichwald 1860
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Taphrocanna biarmica Eichwald 1860
G. †Weissistachys Rothwell and Taylor 1971
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Weissistachys kentuckiense Rothwell and Taylor 1971
Invalid names: Weissia Rothwell and Taylor 1971 [replaced]
Invalid names: Cingulariaceae Doweld 2001 [empty], Kallostachyaceae Doweld 2001 [empty]
Invalid names: Calamocarpales Doweld 2001 [empty]
Cl. Equisetopsida Agardh 1825
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Subcl. †Anthocerotidae Engler and Prantl 1893
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G. †Foraminisporis Krutzsch 1959
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Foraminisporis asymmetricus Dettmann 1963
Foraminisporis dailyi Dettmann 1963
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Invalid names: Nevesisporites dailyi Blackhouse 1988 [synonym]
Foraminisporis medius Dutta and Sah 1970
Foraminisporis tribulosus Playford and Dettmann 1965
G. †Chlamidostachys White 1937
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Or. †Gondwanostachyales Doweld 2001
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Fm. †Konnostachyaceae Doweld 2001
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G. †Konnostachys Doweld 2001
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Invalid names: Neurophyllum Kon'no 1941 [replaced]
Invalid names: Neurophyllaceae Kon'no 1941 [replaced]
Fm. †Tchernoviaceae Meyen 1983
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G. †Umbellaphyllites Rasskazova 1961
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Umbellaphyllites annularioides Rasskazova 1961
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Invalid names: Annulina annularioides Meyen 1971 [replaced]
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Invalid names: Gamophyllites iljinskiensis Radczenko 1962 [replaced]
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Invalid names: Gamophyllites kuschejakovensis Gorelova 1962 [replaced]
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Invalid names: Gamophyllites longifolius Gorelova 1973 [replaced]
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Invalid names: Annularia neuburgiana Radczenko 1934 [replaced], Annulina neuburgiana Radchenko 1954 [replaced], Annulina syrjagensis Neuburg 1964 [synonym]
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Invalid names: Annularia planifolia Radczenko 1956 [replaced], Annulina planifolia Radczenko 1964 [replaced]
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Invalid names: Gamophyllites tchumyshensis Gorelova 1973 [replaced]
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Invalid names: Gamophyllites usjatensis Gorelova 1962 [replaced]
Invalid names: Annulina Neuberg 1954 [synonym], Gamophyllites Radczenko 1962 [synonym]
Subcl. Pinidae Cronquist et al. 1966
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Fm. Araucariaceae Henckel and Hochstetter 1865
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G. Agathis Salisbury 1807
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Agathis berwickensis Pole et al. 1993
Agathis brevigongylodes Hill et al. 2008
Agathis kendrickii Hill and Merrifield 1993
Agathis tasmanica Hill and Bigwood 1987
Agathis vittatus Hill et al. 2008
Agathis zamunerae Wilf et al. 2014
G. †Agathoxylon Hartig 1848
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Agathoxylon cordaianum Hartig 1848
Agathoxylon liguaensis Torres and Philippe 2002
G. †Alkastrobus Del Fueyo and Archangelsky 2005
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Alkastrobus peltatus Del Fueyo and Archangelsky 2005
G. Araucaria de Jussieu 1789
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Araucaria annulata Pole 1992
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Invalid names: Araucarioides annulata Bigwood and Hill 1985 [replaced]
Araucaria balcombensis Selling 1950
Araucaria bladenensis Berry 1908
Araucaria clarkii Berry 1910
Araucaria fimbriatus Hill 1990
Araucaria grandifolia Del Fueyo and Archangelsky 2002
Araucaria hastiensis Hill and Bigwood 1987
Araucaria hatcheri Wieland 1908
Araucaria jeffreyi Berry 1908
Araucaria lefipanensis Andruchow-Colombo et al. 2018
Araucaria lignitici Cookson and Duigan 1951
Araucaria longifolia Brown 1962
Araucaria marensii Cantrill and Poole 2005
Araucaria marylandica Berry 1916
Araucaria megastrobilii Sharma and Bohra 1977
Araucaria nathorsti Dusen 1899
Araucaria obtusifolia Fontaine 1889
Araucaria planus Hill 1990
Araucaria podocarpoides Fontaine 1889
Araucaria prominens Hill 1990
Araucaria readiae Hill and Bigwood 1987
Araucaria spatulata Newberry 1868
Araucaria taeriensis Pole 1995
Araucaria uncinatus Hill 1990
Araucaria zamioides Fontaine 1889
G. †Araucariacites Cookson and Couper 1953
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Araucariacites australis Cookson 1947
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Invalid names: Araucariacites ghuneriensis Singh et al. 1964 [objective synonym]
Araucariacites cooksonii Singh et al. 1964
Araucariacites fissus Reiser and Williams 1969
Araucariacites ghoshii Srivastava 1966
Araucariacites guianensis Van der Hammen and Burger 1966
Araucariacites indicus Sukh-Dev 1961
Araucariacites pergranulatus Volkheimer 1968
Invalid names: Granulonapites Cookson [synonym]
G. †Araucarioides Bigwood and Hill 1985
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Araucarioides linearis Bigwood and Hill 1985
Araucarioides sinuosa Bigwood and Hill 1985
G. †Araucariopitys Jeffrey 1907
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Araucariopitys americana Jeffrey 1907
G. †Araucariorhiza Daugherty 1963
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Araucariorhiza joae Daugherty 1963
G. †Araucarioxylon Kraus 1870
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Araucarioxylon arizonicum Knowlton 1888
Araucarioxylon barakarense Surange and Saxena 1959
Araucarioxylon bikanerense Harsh and Sharma 1988
Araucarioxylon bradshawianum Bajpai and Maheshwari 1986
Araucarioxylon hoppertonae Knowlton 1899
Araucarioxylon kothariensis Agashe and Prasad 1984
Araucarioxylon kumarpurensis Bajpai and Singh 1986
Araucarioxylon lathiense Agashe et al. 1981
Araucarioxylon loharense Agashe and Gowda 1978
Araucarioxylon meyenii Agashe and Gowda 1983
Araucarioxylon mohgaoensis Lakhanpal et al. 1977
Araucarioxylon nandorii Vagyani and Raju 1981
Araucarioxylon ningahense Maheshwari 1965
Araucarioxylon noveboracense Hollick and Jeffrey 1909
Araucarioxylon obscurum Knowlton 1900
Araucarioxylon prosseri Penhallow 1900
Araucarioxylon semibiseriatum Pant and Singh 1987
Araucarioxylon surangei Agashe et al. 1981
Araucarioxylon virginianum Knowlton 1889
Araucarioxylon woodworthi Knowlton 1899
Araucarioxylon wynnei Borkar and Bonde 1986
G. †Araucarites Presl 1833
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Araucarites aquiensis Fontaine
Araucarites bindrabunensis Vishnu-Mittre 1955
Araucarites chiquito Ward 1900
Araucarites cuneatus Ward 1899
Araucarites cutchensis Feistmantel 1876
Araucarites fibrosa Sukh-Dev and Bose 1974
Araucarites goepperti Presl 1838
Araucarites indica Lele 1962
Araucarites janaianus Bose and Banerji 1984
Araucarites macropterus Feistmantel 1877
Araucarites minutus Bose and Maheshwari 1973
Araucarites mittrii Bohra and Sharma 1980
Araucarites ooliticum Carruthers 1868
Araucarites ovatus Hollick 1897
Araucarites pennsylvanicus Fontaine 1900
Araucarites sehoraensis Bose and Maheshwari 1973
Araucarites selseyensis Chandler 1961
Araucarites virginicus Fontaine 1889
Araucarites wyomingensis Fontaine 1899
Araucarites yorkensis Fontaine 1900
Araucarites zeilleri Berry 1908
Invalid names: Kaidacarpum Carruthers 1868 [synonym]
G. †Balmeiopsis Archangelsky 1977
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Balmeiopsis glenelgensis Cookson and Dettmann 1958
Balmeiopsis limbata Archangelsky 1979
Balmeiopsis limbatus Balme 1957
Balmeiopsis robusta Blackhouse 1988
G. †Balmeisporites Cookson and Dettmann 1958
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Balmeisporites glenelgensis Cookson and Dettman 1958
Balmeisporites holodictyus Cookson and Dettmann 1958
Balmeisporites tridictyus Cookson and Dettman 1958
G. †Brachyphyllum Brongniart 1828
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Brachyphyllum bansaensis Sukh-Dev and Bose 1974
Brachyphyllum brevifolia Srivastava et al. 1984
Brachyphyllum eikaiostomum Sukh-Dev and Bose 1974
Brachyphyllum expansum Sternberg 1876
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Invalid names: Pachyphyllum heterophyllum Feistmantel 1879 [synonym]
Brachyphyllum florinii Vishnu-Mittre 1959
Brachyphyllum kachaikensis Passalia 2007
Brachyphyllum macrocarpum Newberry 1896
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Invalid names: Thuites crassus Lesquereux 1883 [synonym]
Brachyphyllum mamillare Brongniart 1828
Brachyphyllum pantii Srivastava and Nautiyal 1982
Brachyphyllum parceramosum Fontaine 1890
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Invalid names: Brachyphyllum texense Fontaine 1893 [synonym]
Brachyphyllum regularis Borkar and Chiplonkar 1973
Brachyphyllum rhombicum Feistmantel 1877
Brachyphyllum rhomboidalis Srivastava et al. 1984
Brachyphyllum royii Bose and Banerji 1984
Brachyphyllum sattlerae Batista et al. 2020
Brachyphyllum sehoraensis Bose and Maheshwari 1973
Brachyphyllum suryanarayanaii Sukh-Dev and Bose 1974
Brachyphyllum theraniense Sukh-Dev and Bose 1974
Brachyphyllum yorkense Fontaine 1900
G. †Cyclusphaera Elsik 1966
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Cyclusphaera crassa Archangelsky 1983
Cyclusphaera doubingeri Salard-Cheboldaeff 1978
Cyclusphaera euribei Elsik 1966
Cyclusphaera psilata Volkheimer and Sepulveda 1976
Cyclusphaera radiata Archangelsky 1983
G. †Dadoxylon Endlicher 1847
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Dadoxylon adhariense Prasad 1982
Dadoxylon agathioides Kräusel and Jain 1964
Dadoxylon amraparense Sah and Jain 1964
Dadoxylon bengalense Holden 1917
Dadoxylon bindrabunense Sah and Jain 1964
Dadoxylon chandaensis Chitaley 1949
Dadoxylon chandrapuraensis Prasad and Chandra 1982
Dadoxylon chhindwarensis Billimoria 1948
Dadoxylon deccani Shukla 1938
Dadoxylon eocenum Chitaley 1949
Dadoxylon indicum Holden 1917
Dadoxylon jamudhiense Maheshwari 1964
Dadoxylon jurassicum Bharadwaj 1953
Dadoxylon mandroense Sah and Jain 1964
Dadoxylon parenchymosum Surange and Maithy 1963
Dadoxylon rajmahalense Sahni 1931
Dadoxylon resinosum Shukla 1944
Dadoxylon santalense Sah and Jain 1964
Dadoxylon shuklae Singhai 1958
Invalid names: Dadoxylon kumarpurensis Fox 1934 [nomen nudum]
G. †Dammara Gaertner 1791
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Dammara acicularis Knowlton 1916
Dammara borealis Heer 1882
Dammara cliffwoodensis Hollick 1897
Dammara northportensis Hollick 1904
G. †Dammarites Presl 1838
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Dammarites albens Presl 1838
Dammarites caudatus Lesquereux 1883
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Invalid names: Podozamites praelongus Lesquereux 1883 [synonym]
Dammarites dubius Dawson 1893
Dammarites emarginatus Lesquereux 1883
G. †Dammaroxylon Schultz-Motel 1966
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Dammaroxylon africanum Schultz-Motel 1966
G. †Dilwynites Harris 1965
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Dilwynites granulatus Harris 1965
Dilwynites tuberculatus Harris 1965
G. †Mesopitys Zalessky 1911
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Mesopitys tchihatcheffianus Goeppert 1850
G. †Mohgaostrobus Prakash 1962
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Mohgaostrobus sahnii Prakash 1962
G. †Moranocladus Seward and Sahni 1926
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Moranocladus oldhami Zeiller 1902
Invalid names: Morania Seward and Sahni 1920 [replaced]
G. †Pagiophyllum Heer 1881
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Pagiophyllum amplexicaulis Srivastava et al. 1984
Pagiophyllum araucaroides Vishnu-Mittre 1959
Pagiophyllum bansaensis Bose and Sukh-Dev 1972
Pagiophyllum bosei Pal 1984
Pagiophyllum brevifolium Newberry 1888
Pagiophyllum chawadensis Bose and Banerji 1984
Pagiophyllum circinicum Saporta 1881
Pagiophyllum divaricatum Bunbury 1876
Pagiophyllum dubium Fontaine 1893
Pagiophyllum falcatum Bartolin 1916
Pagiophyllum grantii Bose and Banerji 1984
Pagiophyllum indicum Srivastava et al. 1984
Pagiophyllum kurrii Pomel 1872
Pagiophyllum marwarensis Bose and Sukh-Dev 1972
Pagiophyllum morrisii Bose and Banerji 1984
Pagiophyllum papillatus Cantrill et al. 1995
Pagiophyllum peregrinum Lindley and Hutton 1833
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Invalid names: Walchia variabilis Emmons 1857 [synonym]
Pagiophyllum rewaensis Bose and Sukh-Dev 1972
Pagiophyllum satpuraensis Maheshwari and Kumaran 1976
Pagiophyllum sherensis Maheshwari and Kumaran 1976
Pagiophyllum simile Newberry 1888
Pagiophyllum spinosum Sukh-Dev and Rajanikanth 1988
Pagiophyllum steenstrupi Bartolin 1914
Pagiophyllum williamsonis Brongniart 1849
G. †Primaraucaria Bock 1954
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G. †Proaraucaria Weiland 1935
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Proaraucaria mirabilis Wieland 1935
G. †Protodammara Hollick and Jeffrey 1906
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Protodammara speciosa Hollick and Jeffrey 1906
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Invalid names: Dammara minor Hollick 1906 [synonym]
G. †Sarcostrobilus Fliche 1900
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Sarcostrobilus paulini Fliche 1900
G. †Wairarapaia Cantrill and Raine 2006
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Wairarapaia mildenhallii Cantrill and Raine 2006
G. †Walchiaraucaria Bock 1969
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G. †Woodworthia Jeffrey 1910
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Woodworthia arizonica Jeffrey 1910
Fm. †Cheirolepidiaceae Turutanova-Ketova 1963
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G. †Classopollis Pflug 1953
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Classopollis alexi Burger 1965
Classopollis anasillos Filatoff 1975
Classopollis brasiliensis Herngreen 1975
Classopollis indicus Maheshwari 1974
Classopollis intrareticulatus Volkheimer 1972
Classopollis klausi Boltenhagen 1976
Classopollis maljawkineae Boltenhagen 1976
Classopollis meyeriana de Jersey 1973
Classopollis minor Pocock and Jansonius 1961
Classopollis patagonicus De Benedetti et al. 2023
Classopollis perplexus Boltenhagen 1976
Classopollis pflugii Pocock and Jansonius 1961
Classopollis simplex Reiser and Williams 1969
Classopollis torosus Burger 1965
Invalid names: Corollina Maljavkina 1949 [synonym]
G. †Cupressinocladus Seward 1919
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G. †Dicheiropollis Trevisan 1971
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Dicheiropollis etruscus Trevisan 1971
G. †Frenelopsis Schenk 1869
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Frenelopsis gracilis Newberry 1895
Frenelopsis hoheneggeri Schenk 1869
Frenelopsis parceramosa Fontaine 1889
Frenelopsis ramosissima Fontaine 1889
Frenelopsis varians Fontaine 1893
G. †Hirmeriella Hörhammer 1933
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Hirmeriella muensteri Schenk 1867
Hirmeriella rhatoliassica Hörhammer 1933
Invalid names: Cheirolepis Schimper 1870 [replaced]
G. †Pararaucaria Wieland 1935
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Pararaucaria delfueyoi Escapa et al. 2013
Pararaucaria patagonica Wieland 1935
G. †Pseudofrenelopsis Nathorst 1893
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Pseudofrenelopsis felixi Nathorst 1893
G. †Watsoniocladus Srinivasan 1995
Or. Cupressales Link 1829
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G. †Inaperturopollenites Potonié 1966
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Inaperturopollenites atlanticus Groot et al. 1961
Inaperturopollenites dubius Thomson and Pflug 1953
Inaperturopollenites hiatus Thomson and Pflug 1953
Inaperturopollenites indicus Srivastava 1966
Inaperturopollenites ruptus Potonié and Sah 1960
Inaperturopollenites undulatus Weyland and Greifeld 1953
G. †Sphaeripollenites Couper 1958
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Or. †Sphenophyllales Seward 1898
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G. †Anastachys Remy 1955
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Anastachys caudata Weiss 1876
G. †Bowmanites Binney 1871
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Bowmanites cambrensis Binney 1871
G. †Eviostachya Stockmans 1948
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Eviostachya hoegi Stockmans 1948
G. †Koinostachys Remy 1955
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Koinostachys aquensis Remy 1955
G. †Litostrobus Mamay 1954
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Litostrobus iowensis Mamay 1954
G. †Mesidiophyton Leisman 1964
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Mesidiophyton paulus Leisman 1964
G. †Siderella Read 1936
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Siderella scotti Read 1936
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G. †Difurcosphenophyllum Lotsy 1909
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G. †Sphenophyllostachys Seward 1896
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Sphenophyllostachys dawsoni Williamson 1871
G. †Sphenophyllum König 1825
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Sphenophyllum churulianum Srivastava and Rigby 1983
Sphenophyllum crenulatum Maithy 1978
Sphenophyllum elongatum Rasskazova 1961
Sphenophyllum emarginatum Brongniart 1822
Sphenophyllum gondwanensis Singh et al. 1986
Sphenophyllum radiatum Unger 1850
Sphenophyllum thonii Mahr 1968
Sphenophyllum utkalensis Pant et al. 1985
Invalid names: Sardykphyllum Zalessky 1929 [synonym], Sphenophyllites Brongniart 1822 [replaced]
G. †Stylocalamites Weiss 1884
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Stylocalamites arborescens Sternberg 1833
Invalid names: Bryidae [empty], Echinostachyales Doweld 2001 [empty], Equisetophyceae [replaced]
G. †Parasphenophyllum Asama 1970
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G. †Paratrizygia Asama 1970
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Paratrizygia kobonensis Kobatake 1970
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
No ecological data are available

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Givetian to the top of the Pleistocene or 387.70000 to 0.01170 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 382.7 Ma

Collections (2302 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Middle Devonian393.3 - 382.7USA (New York) Dadoxylon halli (14214)
Givetian387.7 - 382.7USA (New York) Dadoxylon sp. (21167)
Late/Upper Devonian382.7 - 358.9China (Jiangsu) Sphenophyllum sp. (209613)
Famennian372.2 - 358.9USA (Indiana) Siderella scotti (21033)
Famennian372.2 - 358.9USA (Kentucky) Siderella scotti (20976 21168)
Middle Famennian370.6 - 364.7USA (West Virginia) Sphenophyllum subtenerrimmum, Eviostachya sp. (21198)
Late/Upper Famennian364.7 - 360.7Belgium (Liege) Sphenophyllum subtenerrimum (23335)
Late/Upper Famennian364.7 - 360.7Belgium (Namur) Eviostachya hoegi (32278) Eviostachya hoegii (32272 32280)
Hastarian360.7 - 353.8Germany (Nordrhein-Westfalen) Sphenophyllum sp. (38293)
Hastarian - Ivorian360.7 - 345.3Germany (Thuringia) Sphenophyllum sp. (20975)
Tournaisian358.9 - 346.7France (SC Massif Central) Araucarioxylon sp. (21362)
Tournaisian358.9 - 346.7Germany (Thuringia) Sphenophyllum sp. (21366)
Mississippian358.9 - 323.2Canada (Nova Scotia) Dadoxylon acadianum (13094)
Mississippian358.9 - 323.2France (Montagne Noire) Sphenophyllum sp. (10663)
Mississippian358.9 - 323.2Canada (New Brunswick) Dadoxylon antiquius (13089) Sphenophyllum antiquum, Sphenophyllum cuneifolium, Dadoxylon ouangondianum (12421)
Mississippian358.9 - 323.2USA (Missouri) Sphenophyllum cunefolium, Sphenophyllum majus (12122)
Mississippian358.9 - 323.2USA (Kentucky) Bowmanites dawsoni (13593)
Mississippian358.9 - 323.2USA (West Virginia) Sphenophyllum cuneifolium (12983 12985) Sphenophyllum cuneifolium, Sphenophyllum majus, Sphenophyllum emarginatum (12984)
Carboniferous - Desmoinesian358.9 - 305.9USA (Missouri) Sphenophyllum fasciculatum, Sphenophyllum longifolium, Sphenophyllum emarginatum (11196)
Carboniferous358.9 - 298.9Spain (Malpica) Sphenophyllum emarginatum (28379)