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Mamenchisaurus hochuanensis
Taxonomy
Mamenchisaurus hochuanensis was named by Chao (1965). Its type specimen is CCG V 20401, a partial skeleton, and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Hochuan, which is in a Bathonian/Callovian fluvial siliciclastic in the Shaximiao Formation of China.
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1965 | Mamenchisaurus hochuanensis Anonymous p. 27 |
| 1965 | Mamenchisaurus hochuanensis Chao p. 36 |
| 1966 | Mamenchisaurus hochuanensis Voichin p. 94 |
| 1972 | Mamenchisaurus hochuanensis Young and Chao |
| 1977 | Mamenchisaurus hochuanensis Rozhdestvensky p. 113 |
| 1978 | Mamenchisaurus hochuanensis Dong et al. |
| 1981 | Mamenchisaurus hochuanensis Anonymous |
| 1981 | Mamenchisaurus hochuanensis Olshevsky p. 36 |
| 1983 | Mamenchisaurus hochuanensis Dong et al. pp. 63-65 |
| 1984 | Mamenchisaurus hochuanensis He p. 61 |
| 1985 | Mamenchisaurus hochuanensis Zhao p. 347 |
| 1990 | Mamenchisaurus hochuanensis McIntosh p. 394 |
| 1992 | Mamenchisaurus hochuanensis Dong p. 78 |
| 1994 | Mamenchisaurus hochuanensis Russell and Zheng p. 2089 |
| 1996 | Mamenchisaurus hochuanensis He et al. |
| 1996 | Mamenchisaurus hochuanensis Zhang and Chen |
| 1997 | Mamenchisaurus hechuanensis Dong p. 118 |
| 1998 | Mamenchisaurus hochuanensis Dong p. 82 |
| 1999 | Mamenchisaurus hochuanensis Martin-Rolland pp. 306-307 fig. 19 |
| 2002 | Mamenchisaurus hochuanensis Ouyang and Ye pp. 98-99 |
| 2004 | Mamenchisaurus hochuanensis Upchurch et al. p. 262 |
| 2005 | Mamenchisaurus hochuanensis Peng et al. |
| 2008 | Mamenchisaurus hochuanensis Lü et al. p. 18 |
| 2009 | Mamenchisaurus hochuanensis Xing et al. p. 1391 |
| 2009 | Mamenchisaurus hochuanensis Xing et al. p. 1031 |
| 2011 | Mamenchisaurus hochuanensis Li et al. p. 24 |
| 2011 | Mamenchisaurus hochuanensis Taylor et al. p. 81 fig. 3 |
| 2015 | Mamenchisaurus hochuanensis Cerda et al. p. 12 |
| 2020 | Mamenchisaurus hochuanensis Moro et al. |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
†Mamenchisaurus hochuanensis Chao 1965
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Diagnosis
| Reference | Diagnosis | |
|---|---|---|
| C.-C. Young and H. C. Chao 1972 | Relatively few dorsals and caudals, but number of cervicals exceeds that in other known species (cervicals 19, dorsals 12, sacrals 4, and caudals 35+). Cervicals are weakly opisthocoelus and constitute nearly half the total body length. Dorsals near the sacral region are distinctly opisthocoelus, 16 anterior caudals are amphicoelus, but the posterior caudals are platycoelus. Cervical neural spines are low and flat, those on the anterior four dorsals are bifid, but those on the five dorsals posterior to these are single with robust terminal ends. Neural spines on the three anterior sacrals are fused, and on the fourth sacral and first caudal are anteriorly convex and posteriorly concave. Caudal haemal spines become anteroposteriorly bifurcated beginning on the ninth caudal. Ilium is robust with a pubic peduncle located centrally. The ischium is gracile. Tibia and fibula are thin and flat, nearly equivalent in length, and the tibia displays a well developed proximal end. Astragalus is relatively well developed with deeply concave articular facets for the tibia/fibula causing the fibular keel to be extremely pronounced. Metatarsals are relatively short and small although the ungual phalanx (claw) of digit I is particularly well developed. | |
| Z. Dong et al. 1983 | Vertebral count is cervical: 19, dorsal: 12, sacral: 4, and caudal: 35+?. Cervical count exceeds any other species of sauropod and their length constitutes nearly one-half the length of the entire body with centra that are extremely weakly opisthocoelous while centra in the sacral region are distinctly opisthocoelous. The 16 anterior caudals are procoelous, but posterior to this they become amphiplatyan. Cervical neural spines are low and planar, the four anterior dorsal spines are bifid, the three anterior sacral spines are fused, while the fourth sacral spine and anterior caudal spines are spoon-shaped (anteriorly convex and posteriorly concave). Haemal arches initiate bifurcation at the ninth caudal. The ilium is robust with a pubic peduncle located beneath the center of the blade, and the ischial peduncle is slender and gracile. Tibia and fibula are thin and flat, nearly equivalent in length, and the proximal tibia is well developed. The astragalus is relatively well developed with a deep depression and an extremely high medial process for articulation with the tibia and fibula. Metatarsals are relatively short and small, and the ungual on digit I is extremely robust. | |
| G. Peng et al. 2005 | Huge mamenchisaurid about 20~22 m of body length. It is recognized by light-built skull; small and spoon-shaped teeth with well serrated anterior and posterior margins; dental formula Pm4 + M18 / D19; 19 cervicals, 12 dorsals, 4 sacrals and more than 50 caudals; presacrals opisthocoelous; neural spines of posterior cervicals and anterior dorsals slightly bifurcated; extraordinarily elongated cervicals with longest centra about 3.3 times of average length of dorsal centra; dorsal centra with well developed pleurocoels; robust dorsal ribs with broad distal end; anterior caudals precoelous and distal caudals amphiplatyan; last several caudals fused each other with remarkably expanded neural arches; long scapula with a slender shaft and expanded proximal and distal ends; coracoid egg-shaped; small sternum oval-shaped; clavicle short; low and elongate ilium with extraordinarily developed pubic peduncle; ischium slender; bones of limbs broad and slightly compressed; humerus almost 70% of femur length; ulna about 70% of humerus length; and tibia 59% of femur length. |