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Testudines (turtle)

Reptilia - Testudines

Taxonomy
Testudines was named by Batsch (1788) [used as the plural of Testudo by Linnaeus and not as a proper higher order name: see Dundee 1989]. It is extant. It was considered monophyletic by Joyce (2007) and Danilov and Parham (2008) and Pérez-García and Murelaga (2013).

It was synonymized subjectively with Testudinata by Hay (1930); it was reranked as the unranked clade Testudines by Laurin and Reisz (1995) and Li et al. (2008); it was reranked as the subclass Testudines by Benton (1985) and Agnolín et al. (2023).

It was assigned to Chelonomorpha by Kuhn (1966) and Haubold (1971); to Chelonomorpha by Haubold (1974); to Amniota by Benton (1985); to Testudinomorpha by Laurin and Reisz (1995); to Anapsida by Gauthier et al. (1989) and Peng et al. (2001); to Testudinata by Li et al. (2008); to Reptilia by Hay (1902), Holman and Case (1988), Shoshani et al. (1989), Frank and Ramus (1996), Weems and George (2001), Pearson et al. (2002), Meyer and Zardoya (2003), Parham and Pyenson (2010), Garcia et al. (2016) and Turvey et al. (2017); and to Testudinata by Joyce (2007), Danilov and Parham (2008), Sterli (2008), Pérez-García and Murelaga (2013), Perea et al. (2014) and Agnolín et al. (2023).

Synonyms
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1788Testudines Batsch
1800Chelonii Latreille
1842Chelone obovata Owen p. 170
1847Apholidemys Pomel
1854Chelonia Mantell p. 646
1859Chelonia Owen p. 153
1860Chelonia Owen p. 281
1861Chelonia Owen p. 314
1865Chelone sopita Leidy p. 104
1866Chelonia Haeckel p. CXXXVIII
1868Osteopygis sopita Cope p. 147
1870Propleura sopita Cope p. 140
1873Chelonia Leidy p. 339
1882Chelonii Quenstedt p. 145
1884Apholidemys Cope
1886Chelonia Günther p. 445
1895Podocnemis lata Ristori
1898Chelonia Gadow p. 20
1898Chelonia Woodward p. 141
1902Testudines Hay p. 434
1902Osteopygis sopitus Hay p. 441
1904Chelonia Case p. 60
1906Chelonia Andrews p. 275
1908Osteopygis sopitus Hay p. 149 figs. figs. 181-184
1908Chelonia Lambe
1909Platychelone Dollo p. 105
1909Platychelone emarginata Dollo p. 105
1911Chelonii Jaekel p. 186
1913Chelonia Broom p. 364
1917Chelonia Williston p. 420
1928Chelonia Perrier pp. 3111, 3118
1930Osteopygis sopitus Hay p. 76
1934Apertotemporalis Stromer
1934Apertotemporalis baharijensis Stromer
1934Chelonia Swinton p. 70
1947Chelonia Olson pp. 44, 45
1954Chelonia Haughton and Brink p. 3
1955Euclastochelys Bergounioux
1955Euclastochelys interrupta Bergounioux
1958Temnoclemmys cordiformis Bergounioux
1958Pleurosternum obovata Delair p. 49
1966Senonemys suemegensis Bohn
1966Testudines Kuhn p. 20
1971Testudines Haubold p. 89
1973Trionyx tshelkarensis Chkhikvadze
1974Testudines Haubold p. 49
1974Trionyx fuchienensis Yeh
1979Sokotochelys Halstead
1979Sokotochelys lawanbungudui Halstead
1979Sokotochelys umarumohammedi Halstead
1981Chelonia Thurmond and Jones p. 114
1982Chelonia Gardiner p. 228
1985Testudines Benton p. 153
1988Apertotemporalis Carroll
1988Chelonia Carroll
1988Sokotochelys Carroll
1988Padiochelys Carroll p. 616
1988Testudines Holman and Case p. 328
1989Testudines Gauthier et al. p. 343
1989Chelonia Gauthier et al. p. 344
1989Testudines Shoshani et al. p. 436
1993Chelonia Cvancara and Hoganson p. 15
1995Testudines Laurin and Reisz p. 172
1995Chelonia Lee pp. 508, 515 fig. 22
1996Testudines Frank and Ramus
2001Testudines Peng et al. p. 23
2001Testudines Weems and George p. 572
2002Testudines Pearson et al. p. 154
2002Chelonia Sepkoski
2003Testudines Meyer and Zardoya
2004Chelonia Martinelli and Forasiepi p. 260
2007Testudines Joyce
2008Testudines Danilov and Parham
2008Testudines Li et al. p. 500
2008Chelonii Previtera and González Riga
2008Testudines Sterli p. 286
2010Testudines Parham and Pyenson p. 232
2010Meiolania damelipi White et al. p. 1
2013Testudines Pérez-García and Murelaga
2014Testudines Perea et al.
2015Meiolania damelipi Rhodin et al.
2016Testudines Garcia et al.
2017Testudines Turvey et al.
2023Testudines Agnolín et al.

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
Bilateria
EubilateriaAx 1987
Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
RankNameAuthor
Tetrapoda
Reptiliomorpha
Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
Cotylosauria()
Amniota
Sauropsida
classReptilia
Testudinata(Oppel 1811)
orderTestudinesBatsch 1788
orderTestudinesBatsch 1788

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Or. Testudines Batsch 1788 [turtle]
show all | hide all
Subor. †Amphichelydia Lydekker 1889
+
Superfm. †Pleurosternoidea Hay 1930
+
Fm. †Kallokibotiidae Nopcsa 1923
+
G. †Kallokibotion Nopcsa 1923
Invalid names: Apertotemporalidae [empty]
Superfm. †Proganochelyoidea Baur 1887
+
Invalid names: Archaeochelydiidae Bergounioux 1938 [empty]
G. †Asturichelys Bergounioux 1957
G. †Chelonipus von Lilienstern 1939
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Chelonipus cuneiformis von Lilienstern 1939
Chelonipus plieningeri Haubold 1971
Chelonipus torquatus von Lilienstern 1939
Subor. Cryptodira Cope 1868
+
Fm. †Bashuchelyidae Tong et al. 2012
+
G. †Bashuchelys Tong et al. 2012
+
Bashuchelys youngi Tong et al. 2012
G. †Chuannanchelys Tong et al. 2012
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Fm. Chelonemydidae Rütimeyer 1872
+
Invalid names: Propleuridae Cope 1870 [synonym]
Superfm. Chelonioidea Baur 1893 [sea turtle]
+
Fm. Cheloniidae Bonaparte 1832
+
Subfm. †Allopleuroninae
+
G. †Allopleuron Baur 1888
G. †Glyptochelone Dollo 1903
G. †Protosphargis Capellini 1884
G. †Ashleychelys Weems and Sanders 2014
+
Ashleychelys palmeri Weems and Sanders 2014
G. †Cabindachelys Myers et al. 2018
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Cabindachelys landanensis Myers et al. 2018
Subfm. Carettinae Gray 1825
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G. Caretta Rafinesque 1814 [loggerhead]
+
Invalid names: Caouana Cocteau and Bibron 1838 [synonym], Halichelys Fitzinger 1843 [synonym], Thalassochelys Fitzinger 1835 [synonym]
G. Eretmochelys Fitzinger 1843
+
Invalid names: Herpysmostes Gistel 1868 [synonym], Onychochelys Gray 1873 [synonym]
G. Chelone Linnaeus 1758
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Chelone costata Owen 1853
Chelone girundica Delfortrie 1869
Chelone jessoni Lydekker 1889
Chelone vanbenedeni Smets 1886
Subfm. Cheloniinae Oppel 1811
+
G. Chelonia Brongniart 1800 [green sea turtle]
+
Invalid names: Chelona Brongniart 1805 [synonym], Euchelys Girard 1858 [synonym], Megemys Gistel 1848 [synonym], Mydasea Gervais 1843 [synonym]
Tr. Cheloniini Zangerl and Turnball 1955
G. Natator McCulloch 1908
Tr. †Rupelchelyini Karl and Tichy 1999
Invalid names: Carettini Zangerl and Turnbull 1955 [empty]
G. †Chelyopsis Smets 1887
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Chelyopsis halleri Karl 1989
Chelyopsis holsaticus Dames 1894
Chelyopsis littoreus Van Beneden 1886
Chelyopsis raabei Karl and Schleich 1994
G. †Dollochelys Zangerl 1971
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Dollochelys rogovichi Averianov 2002
G. †Eochelone Dollo 1903
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Eochelone athersuchi Moody 1980
Eochelone brabantica Dollo 1903
Eochelone monstigris Grant-Mackie et al. 2011
Eochelone voltregana de Lapparent de Broin et al. 2018
G. †Erquelinnesia Dollo 1887
+
G. †Gigantatypus Kaddumi 2006
+
Gigantatypus salahi Kaddumi 2006
G. †Itilochelys Danilov et al. 2010
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Itilochelys rasstrigin Danilov et al. 2010
G. †Lembonax Cope 1870
+
Lembonax polemicus Cope 1870
Lembonax propylaeus Cope 1872
G. Lepidochelys Fitzinger 1843 [Ridley sea turtle]
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Lepidochelys kempii Garman 1880 [Kemp's Ridley turtle]
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Invalid names: Testudo viridisquamosa Lacepède 1788 [synonym]
Lepidochelys olivacea Eschscholtz 1829
+
Invalid names: Caretta remivaga Hay 1908 [synonym], Cephalochelys oceanica Gray 1873 [synonym], Chelonia dussumierii Dumeril and Bibron 1835 [synonym], Thalassochelys controversa Philippi 1899 [synonym], Thalassochelys tarapacona Philippi 1887 [synonym]
Invalid names: Caouana ruppellii Gray 1844 [nomen nudum], Cephalochelys Gray 1873 [synonym], Chelonia dubia Bleeker in Gray 1864 [nomen nudum], Chelonia polyaspis Bleeker 1857 [nomen nudum], Testudo bomarii Meyer 1790 [nomen oblitum]
G. †Lusochelys Pérez-García and Antunes 2024
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Lusochelys emilianoi Pérez-García and Antunes 2024
G. †Lytoloma Cope 1870
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Lytoloma bruxelliensis Dollo 1909
Lytoloma cantabrigiense Lydekker 1889
Lytoloma crassa Bergounioux 1952
Lytoloma elegans Bergounioux 1952
Lytoloma wemmeliensis Dollo 1909
G. †Miocaretta Deraniyagala 1967
+
Miocaretta lankae Deraniyagala 1967
G. †Osonachelus de Lapparent de Broin et al. 2014
+
Osonachelus decorata de Lapparent de Broin et al. 2014
G. †Pacifichelys Parham and Pyenson 2010
+
Pacifichelys hutchisoni Lynch and Parham 2003
Pacifichelys urbinai Parham and Pyenson 2010
G. †Procolpochelys Hay 1908
+
Procolpochelys charlestonensis Weems and Sanders 2014
Procolpochelys susensis Shikama and Suyama 1976
G. †Puppigerus Cope 1870
+
Puppigerus breviceps Owen 1841
Puppigerus camperi Gray 1831
+
Invalid names: Lytoloma trigoniceps Owen 1849 [synonym], Puppigerus longiceps Owen 1841 [synonym], Puppigerus nessovi Averianov 2005 [synonym]
+
Invalid names: Puppigerus latiscutatus Owen 1841 [synonym]
Puppigerus grandaevus Leidy 1861
Puppigerus parvisecta Cope 1870
Invalid names: Eochelys Moody 1968 [objective synonym]
Subfm. †Syllominae
+
G. †Kurobechelys Shikama 1956
G. †Syllomus Cope 1896
+
Syllomus aegyptiacus Lydekker 1899
+
Invalid names: Chelonia marylandica Collins and Lynn 1936 [synonym], Peritresius virginianus Berry and Lynn 1936 [synonym]
Syllomus crispatus Cope 1896
G. †Tasbacka Nesov 1986
+
Tasbacka aldabergeni Nessov 1987
Tasbacka danica Karl and Madsen 2012
Tasbacka ouledabdounensis Tong and Hirayama 2002
Tasbacka ruhoffi Weems 1988
G. †Trachyaspis von Meyer 1843
+
Trachyaspis aegyptiaca Lydekker 1889
Trachyaspis hantoniensis Lydekker 1889
Trachyaspis lardyi Meyer 1873
+
Invalid names: Testudo varicosa Costa 1851 [synonym], Trionyx bellunensis Misuri 1911 [synonym]
Invalid names: Trionyx melitensis Lydekker 1891 [nomen dubium]
G. Zangerlchelys Hirayama 2006
+
Zangerlchelys arkansaw Schmidt 1944
Invalid names: Chelone acuticostata Bergounioux 1954 [nomen vanum], Chelone bellunensis Bergounioux 1954 [nomen vanum], Chelone gastaldii Portis 1879 [nomen vanum], Chelone murua de Vis 1905 [nomen dubium], Chelone simonellii Porta 1898 [nomen vanum], Chelone sismondai Portis 1879 [nomen vanum], Chelone sordellii Porta 1898 [nomen vanum], Chelone strobeli Porta 1898 [nomen vanum], Eocheloniinae [empty], Eochelyinae Moody 1967 [empty], Eretmochelyinae Deranyiagala 1953 [empty], Pliochelys derelicta Portis 1890 [nomen vanum], Progonosaurus pertinax Portis 1890 [nomen vanum]
G. †Cimochelys Zangerl 1960
+
Cimochelys benstedi Mantell 1841
Fm. Dermochelyidae Lydekker 1889 [leatherback]
+
G. †Arabemys Tong et al. 1999
+
Arabemys crassiscutata Tong et al. 1999
Subfm. †Dermochelyinae
+
G. †Cosmochelys Andrews 1920
G. Dermochelys de Blainville 1816 [Leatherback sea turtle]
+
Dermochelys coriacea Vandelli 1761 [Leatherback sea turtle]
+
Invalid names: Chelonias lutaria Rafinesque 1814 [synonym], Dermatochelys porcata Wagler 1830 [synonym], Sphargis angusta Philippi 1899 [synonym], Sphargis mercurialis Merrem 1820 [synonym], Testudo arcuata Catesby 1771 [synonym], Testudo lyra Lacepede 1788 [synonym], Testudo tuberculata Pennant in Schoepff 1801 [synonym]
Invalid names: Chelonias Rafinesque 1814 [nomen oblitum], Chelyra Rafinesque 1832 [synonym], Chelyra Rafinesque 1815 [nomen nudum], Coriudo Fleming 1822 [objective synonym], Dermatochelys Wagler 1830 [synonym], Dermochelis Cuvier 1829 [synonym], Dermochelis atlantica LeSueur in Cuvier 1829 [nomen nudum], Scytina Wagler 1828 [synonym], Sphargis Merrem [synonym]
G. †Egyptemys Wood et al. 1996
+
Egyptemys eocaenus Andrews 1901
Egyptemys oregonensis Packard 1940
G. †Eosphargis Lydekker 1889
+
Eosphargis breineri Nielsen 1959
Eosphargis gigas Owen 1880
+
Invalid names: Anglocetus beatsoni Tarlo 1963 [synonym]
Eosphargis insularis Cope 1872
Invalid names: Anglocetus Tarlo 1963 [synonym]
G. †Maorichelys Karl and Tichy 2007
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Maorichelys wiffeni Karl and Tichy 2007
G. †Mesodermochelys Hirayama and Chitoku 1996
+
Mesodermochelys undulatus Hirayama and Chitoku 1996
G. †Natemys Wood et al. 1996
+
Natemys peruvianus Wood et al. 1996
G. †Psephophorus von Meyer 1847
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Psephophorus polygonus von Meyer 1847
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Invalid names: Psephophorus calvertensis Palmer 1909 [synonym]
Psephophorus rupeliensis Van Beneden 1883
Psephophorus scaldii van Beneden 1871
G. †Turgaiscapha Averianov 2002
+
Turgaiscapha kushmurunica Averianov 2002
Invalid names: Chelonia californiensis Gilmore 1937 [invalid subgroup], Psephophoridae Goette 1899 [synonym], Sphargidae Gray 1825 [synonym]
Unr. †Dermochelyoidae Williams 1950
+
G. †Alienochelys de Lapparent de Broin et al. 2014
+
Alienochelys selloumi de Lapparent de Broin et al. 2014
G. †Corsochelys Zangerl 1960
+
Corsochelys bentleyi Schwimmer et al. 2015
Corsochelys halinches Zangerl 1960
G. †Ocepechelon Bardet et al. 2013
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Ocepechelon bouyai Bardet et al. 2013
Fm. †Desmatochelyidae Williston 1894
+
G. †Atlantochelys Agassiz 1849
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Atlantochelys mortoni Agassiz 1849
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Invalid names: Protostega neptunia Cope 1872 [objective synonym]
G. †Neptunochelys Wieland 1900
+
G. †Kimurachelys Brinkman et al. 2015
+
Kimurachelys slobodae Brinkman et al. 2015
G. †Leviathanochelys Castillo-Visa et al. 2022
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Leviathanochelys aenigmatica Castillo-Visa et al. 2022
G. †Nichollsemys Brinkman et al. 2006
+
Nichollsemys baieri Brinkman et al. 2006
Fm. †Protostegidae Cope 1873
+
G. †Archelon Wieland 1896
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Archelon ischyros Wieland 1896
Archelon marshii Wieland 1900
G. †Bouliachelys Kear and Lee 2006
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Bouliachelys suteri Kear and Lee 2006
Subfm. †Chelospharginae Zangerl 1953
+
G. †Teguliscapha Nessov
G. †Chelosphargis Zangerl 1953
+
G. †Cratochelone Longman 1915
+
Cratochelone berneyi Longman 1915
G. †Desmatochelys Williston 1894
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Desmatochelys lowii Williston 1894
Desmatochelys padillai Cadena and Parham 2015
G. †Notochelone Lydekker 1889
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Notochelone costata Owen 1882
Invalid names: Notochelys Owen 1882 [replaced]
G. †Pneumatoarthrus Cope 1870
+
G. †Protostega Cope 1871
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Protostega eaglefordensis Zangerl 1953
Protostega gigas Cope 1871
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Invalid names: Protostega dixie Zangerl 1953 [synonym], Protostega potens Hay 1908 [synonym]
Subfm. †Protosteginae Wieland
+
G. †Calcarichelys Zangerl 1953
G. †Microstega Hooks 1998
G. †Rhinochelys Seeley 1869
+
Rhinochelys amaberti Moret 1935
Rhinochelys cantabrigiensis Lydekker 1889
+
Invalid names: Rhinochelys cardiocephalus Seeley 1869 [synonym], Rhinochelys dayi Seeley 1869 [synonym], Rhinochelys eurycephalus Seeley 1869 [synonym], Rhinochelys jessoni Lydekker 1889 [synonym], Rhinochelys platyrhinus Seeley 1869 [synonym], Rhinochelys rheporhinus Seeley 1869 [synonym], Rhinochelys sphenicephalus Seeley 1869 [synonym]
Rhinochelys elegans Lydekker 1889
+
Invalid names: Rhinochelys brachyrhina Lydekker 1889 [synonym], Rhinochelys macrorhina Lydekker 1889 [synonym], Rhinochelys mastocephalus Seeley 1869 [synonym], Rhinochelys stenicephalus Seeley 1869 [synonym]
Rhinochelys nammourensis Tong et al. 2006
+
Invalid names: Rhinochelys dacognathus Seeley 1869 [synonym]
G. †Santanachelys Hirayama 1998
+
Santanachelys gaffneyi Hirayama 1998
G. †Terlinguachelys Lehman and Tomlinson 2004
+
Terlinguachelys fischbecki Lehman and Tomlinson 2004
Fm. †Toxochelyidae Baur 1895
+
G. †Cynocercus Cope 1872
+
Cynocercus incisus Cope 1872
Subfm. †Lophochelyinae Zangerl 1953
+
G. †Lophochelys Zangerl 1953
G. †Neurochelys Moody 1980
G. †Oertelia Karl et al. 2012
Subfm. †Macrobaeninae Nessov 1984
+
G. †Toxocheloides Nessov and Khozatsky 1981
Subfm. †Osteopyginae Zangerl 1953
+
G. †Propleura Cope 1870
G. †Rhetechelys Hay 1908
Invalid names: Lytolominae [synonym]
G. †Porthochelys Williston 1901
+
Porthochelys laticeps Williston 1901
Subfm. †Toxochelyinae Zangerl 1953
+
G. †Thinochelys Zangerl 1953
Invalid names: Glyptops belviderensis Cragin 1902 [nomen dubium]
Invalid names: Pandermochelys Joyce 2004 [empty], Pliochelys Portis 1890 [nomen vanum], Progonosaurus Portis 1890 [nomen vanum]
Fm. Chelydridae Swainson 1839
+
G. Chelydra Schweigger 1812 [Snapping turtle]
+
Chelydra acutirostris Peters 1862 [South American snapping turtle]
Chelydra rossignonii Bocourt 1868 [Central American snapping turtle]
Chelydra serpentina Linnaeus 1758 [Common snapping turtle]
+
Invalid names: Chelydra emarginata Agassiz 1857 [synonym], Chelydra lacertina Schweigger 1812 [synonym], Chelydra laticarinata Hay 1916 [synonym], Chelydra osceola Stejneger 1918 [synonym], Chelydra sculpta Hay 1916 [synonym], Devisia mythodes Ogilby 1905 [synonym], Macrochelys floridana Hay 1907 [synonym], Testudo longicauda Shaw in Gray 1831 [synonym], Testudo serpentaria Wiedemann 1802 [synonym], Testudo serrata Pennant in Gray 1830 [synonym]
Invalid names: Cheliurus Rafinesque 1815 [nomen nudum], Chelonura Fleming 1822 [synonym], Devisia Ogilby 1905 [synonym], Emysaurus Dumeril and Bibron 1835 [synonym], Ophichelone Jarocki 1822 [synonym], Rapara Gray 1825 [synonym], Saurochelys Latreille 1825 [synonym]
G. †Chelydrops Peters 1868
Subfm. †Chelydropsinae Mlynarski 1980
+
G. †Chelydrasia Ckhikvadze 1999
G. †Chelydropsis Peters 1868
+
Chelydropsis apellanizi Murelaga et al. 1999
Chelydropsis aubasi Joyce et al. 2022
Chelydropsis decheni Meyer 1852
+
Invalid names: Chelydropsis sanctihenrici Broin 1977 [synonym]
Chelydropsis kusnetzovi Chkhikvadze 1985
Chelydropsis manuascensis Bergounioux 1936
+
Invalid names: Chelydra allingensis Fuchs 1939 [synonym], Chelydropsis carinata Peters 1868 [synonym], Chelydropsis murchisoni staeschei Mlynarski 1980 [synonym], Chelydropsis staeschei Mlynarski 1980 [synonym], Trionyx sansaniensis Bergounioux 1935 [synonym]
Chelydropsis pontica Pidoplichko and Tarashchuk 1960
Chelydropsis sansaniensis Bergounioux 1935
Invalid names: Macrocephalochelys Pidoplichko and Tarashchuk 1960 [synonym]
G. Macrochelys Gray 1856 [alligator snapping turtle]
+
Macrochelys auffenbergi Dobie 1968 [Auffenberg's snapping turtle]
Macrochelys schmidti Zangerl 1945
Macrochelys stricta Matthew 1924
Macrochelys suwanniensis Thomas et al. 2014 [Suwannee alligator snapping turtle]
Macrochelys temminckii Troost 1835 [Alligator snapping turtle]
+
Invalid names: Gypochelys lacertina Agassiz 1857 [synonym], Macrochelys apalachicolae Thomas et al. 2014 [synonym]
Invalid names: Gypochelys Agassiz 1857 [synonym]
G. †Planiplastron Ckhikvadze 1971
Invalid names: Broilia Bergounioux and Crouzel 1965 [nomen dubium], Broilia robusta Bergounioux and Crouzel 1965 [nomen dubium], Chelydra argillarum Laube 1900 [nomen dubium], Chelydra strausi Schmidt 1966 [nomen dubium], Chelydrinae Lydekker 1889 [empty], Chelydropsis minax Ckhikvadze 1971 [nomen dubium], Emys sansaniensis Lartet 1851 [nomen dubium], Emysaurus meilheuratiae Pomel 1846 [nomen dubium], Hydraspis oeningensis Fitzinger 1835 [nomen nudum], Leptochelys Bergounioux and Crouzel 1965 [nomen dubium], Leptochelys braneti Bergounioux and Crouzel 1965 [nomen dubium], Protochelydrinae Gaffney 1975 [empty], Testudo grandis Macarovici and Vancea 1959 [nomen dubium]
Unr. Chelydroidea Baur 1893
+
Unr. †Panchelydridae Joyce et al. 2004
+
G. †Denverus Hutchison and Holroyd 2003
+
Denverus middletoni Hutchison and Holroyd 2003
G. †Protochelydra Erickson 1973
+
Protochelydra zangerli Erickson 1973
Invalid names: Hoplochelys caelata Hay 1909 [nomen dubium]
Unr. †Pankinosternoidea Joyce et al. 2004
+
G. †Emarginachelys Whetstone 1978
+
Emarginachelys cretacea Whetstone 1978
G. †Lutemys Lyson et al. 2017
+
Lutemys warreni Lyson et al. 2017
G. †Planetochelys Weems 1988
+
Planetochelys dithyros Hutchison 2013
Planetochelys savoiei Weems 1988
G. †Tullochelys Hutchison 2013
+
Tullochelys montana Hutchison 2013
G. †Chitracephalus Dollo 1884
+
Chitracephalus dumonii Dollo 1885
+
Invalid names: Salasemys pulcherrima Fuentes et al. 2003 [synonym]
Invalid names: Salasemys Fuentes et al. 2003 [synonym]
Superfm. †Dermochelyoidea
+
G. †Pygmaeochelys Laube 1896
Invalid names: Chelone regularis Fritsch 1905 [nomen dubium], Pygmaeochelys michelobana Laube 1896 [nomen dubium]
Unr. Durocryptodira Danilov and Parham 2008
+
G. †Toxochelys Cope 1873
+
Toxochelys elkader Hay 1908
Toxochelys latiremis Cope 1873
+
Invalid names: Porthochelys browni Hay 1905 [synonym], Toxochelys barberi Schmidt 1944 [synonym], Toxochelys brachyrhinus Case 1898 [synonym], Toxochelys serrifer Cope 1875 [synonym], Toxochelys weeksi Collins 1951 [synonym]
Toxochelys moorevillensis Zangerl 1953
Toxochelys procax Hay 1905
Unr. Eucryptodira Gaffney 1975
+
G. †Borealochelys Brinkman and Tarduno 2005
+
Borealochelys axelheibergensis Brinkman and Tarduno 2005
G. †Enaliochelys Seeley 1869
+
Enaliochelys chelonia Seeley 1869
G. †Hoyasemys Pérez-García et al. 2012
+
Hoyasemys jimenezi Pérez-García et al. 2012
Fm. †Sandownidae Tong and Meylan 2013
+
G. †Angolachelys Mateus et al. 2009
+
Angolachelys mbaxi Mateus et al. 2009
G. †Brachyopsemys Tong and Meylan 2013
+
Brachyopsemys tingitana Tong and Meylan 2013
G. †Leyvachelys Cadena 2015
+
Leyvachelys cipadi Cadena 2015
G. †Sandownia Meylan et al. 2000
+
Sandownia harrisi Meylan et al. 2000
Fm. †Sinemydidae Yeh 1963
+
G. †Dracochelys Gaffney and Ye 1992
+
Dracochelys bicuspis Gaffney and Ye 1992
G. †Hongkongochelys Ye 1999
+
G. †Jeholochelys Shao et al. 2018
+
Jeholochelys lingyuanensis Shao et al. 2018
G. †Liaochelys Zhou 2010
+
G. †Manchurochelys Endo and Shikama 1942
+
Manchurochelys manchoukuoensis Endo and Shikama 1942
G. †Ordosemys Brinkman and Peng 1993
+
Ordosemys brinkmania Danilov and Parham 2007
Ordosemys donhai Ma 1986
Ordosemys leios Brinkman and Peng 1993
Ordosemys perforata Sukhanov and Narmandakh 2006
G. †Sinemys Wiman 1930
+
Sinemys brevispinus Tong and Brinkman 2012
Sinemys chabuensis Ji and Chen 2018
Sinemys gamera Brinkman and Peng 1993
Sinemys lens Wiman 1930
G. †Wuguia Matzke et al. 2004
+
Wuguia efremovi Khozatsky 1996
+
Invalid names: Dracochelys wimani Maisch et al. 2003 [synonym]
Wuguia hutubeiensis Matzke et al. 2004
G. †Xiaochelys Zhou and Rabi 2015
+
Xiaochelys ningchengensis Zhou and Rabi 2015
G. †Yumenemys Bohlin 1953
+
Yumenemys inflatus Bohlin 1953
Invalid names: Kirgizemynae Nessov and Khosatzky 1973 [empty]
Fm. †Sinochelyidae Chkhikvadze 1970
+
G. †Sinochelys Wiman 1930
+
Sinochelys applanata Wiman 1930
+
Invalid names: Heishanemys imperfectus Bohlin 1953 [synonym], Peishanemys latipons Bohlin 1953 [synonym], Scutemys tecta Wiman 1930 [synonym]
Invalid names: Heishanemys Bohlin 1953 [synonym], Peishanemys Bohlin 1953 [synonym], Scutemys Wiman 1930 [synonym]
Invalid names: Peishanemydidae Nessov 1981 [synonym]
G. †Tienfucheloides Nessov 1978
+
Tienfucheloides undatus Nessov 1978
Fm. †Xinjiangchelyidae Nessov 1990
+
G. †Annemys Sukhanov and Narmandakh 2006
+
Annemys latiens Sukhanov and Narmandakh 2006
Annemys latiens Sukhanov and Narmandakh 2006
Annemys levensis Sukhanov and Narmandakh 2006
Annemys wusu Rabi et al. 2013
Invalid names: Annemys Sukhanov and Narmandakh 2000 [replaced], Annemys levensis Sukhanov and Narmandakh 2000 [nomen nudum]
G. †Brodiechelys Nopcsa 1928
+
Brodiechelys brodiei Lydekker 1889
+
Invalid names: Plesiochelys valdensis Lydekker 1889 [synonym], Plesiochelys vectensis Hooley 1990 [synonym]
Brodiechelys royoi Pérez-García et al. 2014
G. †Camerochelys Pérez-García and Murelaga 2013
+
Camerochelys vilanovai Pérez-García and Murelaga 2013
G. †Jastmelchyi Chkhikvadze 1987
G. †Kalasinemys Tong et al. 2019
+
Kalasinemys prasarttongosothi Tong et al. 2019
G. †Phunoichelys Tong et al. 2014
+
Phunoichelys thirakhupti Tong et al. 2014
G. †Protoxinjiangchelys Tong et al. 2012
+
Protoxinjiangchelys salis Tong et al. 2012
G. †Shartegemys Sukhanov and Narmandakh 2006
+
Shartegemys laticentralis Sukhanov and Narmandakh 2006
Invalid names: Shartegemys laticentralis Sukhanov and Narmandakh 2000 [nomen nudum]
G. †Tienfuchelys Young and Chow 1953
+
Tienfuchelys chungkingensis Young and Chow 1953
+
Invalid names: Xinjiangchelys chungkingensis Young and Chow 1953 [synonym]
Tienfuchelys tzuyangensis Young and Chow 1953
Tienfuchelys zigongensis Peng et al. 2005
G. †Undjulemys Sukhanov and Narmandakh 2006
+
Undjulemys platensis Sukhanov and Narmandakh 2006
Invalid names: Undjulemys platensis Sukhanov 1997 [nomen nudum]
G. †Xinjiangchelys Yeh 1986
+
Xinjiangchelys chowi Matzke et al. 2005
Xinjiangchelys jingyanensis Yeh and Fang 1982
Xinjiangchelys jingyanensis Yeh and Fang 1982
Xinjiangchelys qiguensis Matzke et al. 2004
Xinjiangchelys radiplicatoides Brinkman et al. 2013
Xinjiangchelys radiplicatus Young and Chow 1953
Invalid names: Sinemys wuerhoensis Yeh 1973 [nomen dubium], Toxocheloides naryensis Nessov and Kaznyshkin 1985 [nomen dubium]
Invalid names: Shartegemys Sukhanov and Narmandakh 2000 [nomen nudum], Undjulemys Sukhanov and Narmandakh 2000 [nomen nudum]
Invalid names: Angolachelonia Mateus et al. 2009 [empty], Centrocryptodira Gaffney and Meylan 1988 [empty], Polycryptodira Gaffney and Meylan 1988 [empty]
G. †Galvechelone Pérez-García and Murelaga 2012
+
Galvechelone lopezmartinezae Pérez-García and Murelaga 2012
Fm. Kinosternoidea Hay 1892 [mud turtle]
+
G. Aromochelys Gray
G. Cinosternum von Spix 1824 [mud turtle]
Fm. Kinosternidae Hay 1892
+
G. †Baltemys Hutchison 1991
Unr. Kinosterninae Baur 1893
G. Kinosternon von Spix 1824 [mud turtle]
+
Invalid names: Platythyra Agassiz 1857 [synonym]
G. †Leiochelys Brinkman et al. 2023
Subfm. Staurotypinae Gray 1869
G. Staurotypus Wagler 1830 [Mexican musk turtle]
G. †Xenochelys Hay 1906
G. †Yelmochelys Brinkman et al. 2016
Unr. †Pandermatemys Joyce et al. 2004
+
G. †Agomphus Cope 1871
+
Invalid names: Amphiemys Cope 1877 [synonym]
G. †Baptemys Leidy 1870
+
Invalid names: Gomphochelys Bourque et al. 2015 [synonym], Notomorpha Cope 1872 [synonym]
Fm. Dermatemydidae Baur 1888
G. †Hoplochelys Hay 1908
G. Sternotherus Gray 1825 [musk turtle]
Invalid names: Aromochelys Gray [valid], Cinosternum von Spix 1824 [valid], Kinosternidae Hay 1892 [valid], Pandermatemys Joyce et al. 2004 [valid], Sternotherus Gray 1825 [valid]
Fm. †Nanhsiungchelyidae Yeh 1966
+
G. †Anomalochelys Hirayama et al. 2001
+
Anomalochelys angulata Hirayama et al. 2001
G. †Basilemys Hay 1902
+
Basilemys gaffneyi Sullivan et al. 2012
Basilemys imbricarius Cope 1876
Basilemys morrinensis Mallon and Brinkman 2018
Basilemys nobilis Hay 1911
Basilemys ogmius Cope 1875
Basilemys praeclara Hay 1911
Basilemys sinuosa Riggs 1906
Basilemys variolosa Cope 1876
G. †Bulganemys Sukhanov and Narmandakh 2006
+
Invalid names: Bulganemys jaganchobili Sukhanov and Narmandakh 2000 [nomen nudum]
G. †Hanbogdemys Sukhanov and Narmandakh 2006
+
Hanbogdemys jaganchobili Sukhanov and Narmandakh 2006
Hanbogdemys orientalis Sukhanov and Narmandakh 1975
G. †Jiangxichelys Tong and Mo 2010
+
Jiangxichelys ganzhouensis Tong and Mo 2010
Jiangxichelys neimongolensis Brinkman and Peng 1996
G. †Kharakhutulia Sukhanov et al. 2008
+
Kharakhutulia kalandadzei Sukhanov et al. 2008
G. †Nanhsiungchelys Yeh 1966
+
Nanhsiungchelys yangi Ke et al. 2023
G. †Yuchelys Tong et al. 2012
+
Yuchelys nanyangensis Tong et al. 2012
G. †Zangerlia Mlynarski 1972
+
Zangerlia dzamynchondi Sukhanov and Narmandakh 2006
Zangerlia testudinimorpha Mlynarski 1972
Zangerlia ukhaachelys Joyce and Norell 2005
Invalid names: Zangerlia dzamynchondi Sukhanov and Narmandakh 2000 [nomen nudum]
Invalid names: Bulganemys Sukhanov and Narmandakh 2000 [nomen nudum], Charitonyx Chkhikvadze 1980 [nomen dubium], Hanbogdemysa Sukhanov 2000 [nomen nudum]
Unr. Panchelonioidea Joyce et al. 2004
+
G. †Mexichelys Parham and Pyenson 2010
Unr. Pancheloniidae Joyce et al. 2004
+
G. †Argillochelys Lydekker 1889
+
Argillochelys africana Tong and Hirayama 2008
Argillochelys antiqua König 1825
Argillochelys convexa Owen 1841
+
Invalid names: Chelone declivis Owen 1849 [synonym]
+
Invalid names: Chelone subcarinata Owen 1849 [synonym]
G. †Australobaena Karl and Tichy 2002
+
Australobaena chilensis Karl and Tichy 2002
G. †Carolinochelys Hay 1923
+
Fm. †Ctenochelyidae Gentry 2018
+
G. †Asmodochelys Gentry et al. 2019
G. †Ctenochelys Zangerl 1953
G. †Euclastes Cope 1870
+
Euclastes acutirostris Jalil et al. 2009
Euclastes coahuilaensis Brinkman et al. 2009
Euclastes melii Misuri 1910
Euclastes meridionalis de la Fuente and Casadio 2000
Euclastes platyops Cope 1870
Euclastes wielandi Hay 1908
+
Invalid names: Catapleura ponderosa Cope 1871 [synonym], Erquelinnesia molaria Hay 1908 [synonym], Euclastes priscus Lynch and Parham 2003 [synonym], Osteopygis repandus Cope 1868 [synonym], Osteopygis roundsi Weems 1988 [synonym], Osteopygoides priscus Karl et al. 1998 [synonym]
Invalid names: Catapleura Cope 1870 [synonym], Glossochelys Seeley 1871 [synonym], Osteopygoides Karl et al. 1998 [synonym], Pampaemys de la Fuente and Casadio 2000 [synonym]
G. †Peritresius Cope 1870
+
Peritresius martini Gentry et al. 2018
Peritresius ornatus Leidy 1856
G. †Prionochelys Zangerl 1953
+
Prionochelys matutina Zangerl 1953
+
Invalid names: Prionochelys galeotergum Zangerl 1953 [synonym]
Prionochelys nauta Zangerl 1953
Invalid names: Sphenophyllum colombianum Huertas 2003 [nomen vanum]
Unr. †Pantestudinoidea Joyce et al. 2004
+
Superfm. Testudinoidea Gray 1825
+
G. †Bergouniouxchelys Hervet 2004
+
Bergouniouxchelys vallisnerii Bergounioux 1954
+
Invalid names: Paralichelys complanata Bergounioux 1954 [synonym]
Invalid names: Anthracochelys Bergounioux 1953 [nomen nudum], Anthracochelys vallisnerii Bergounioux 1953 [nomen nudum], Cyclochelys Bergounioux 1953 [nomen nudum], Cyclochelys complanata Bergounioux 1953 [nomen nudum], Cyclochelys perexpansa Bergounioux 1953 [nomen nudum]
G. †Borkenia Schleich 1994
+
Borkenia eckfeldense Karl 2018
Borkenia germanica Hummel 1935
Borkenia oschkinisi Schleich 1994
Borkenia philippeni Karl 2018
G. †Cucullemys Hervet 2004
+
Cucullemys crocheti Hervet 2004
G. †Cuvierichelys Hervet 2004
+
Cuvierichelys crassa Owen 1849
Cuvierichelys iberica Bergounioux 1958
+
Invalid names: Chrysemys elegans Bergounioux 1958 [synonym]
Fm. Emydidae Rafinesque 1815
+
Subfm. Batagurinae Gray 1870
G. Callagur Schlegel and Muller 1844
G. †Chelonemys Jourdan 1862
G. Chelopus Rafinesque
Subfm. Deirochelyinae Agassiz 1857
Subfm. Emydinae Rafinesque 1815
G. Emydoidea Gray 1870 [Blanding's turtle]
G. Emys Dumeril 1806 [pond turtle]
G. †Epiemys Yeh 1963
G. Glyptemys Agassiz 1857
+
Invalid names: Calemys Agassiz 1857 [synonym]
G. †Grayemys Chkhikvadze 1970
G. †Gyremys Hay 1908
G. Hieremys Boulenger 1903 [Yellow-headed temple turtles]
G. †Hybemys Leidy 1871
G. †Lyssemys
G. Malacoclemmys Gray 1844
G. †Palaeotheca Cope 1872
G. †Polyechmatemys Ping 1930
G. Pseudemys Gray 1856 [cooter]
+
Invalid names: Nectemys Agassiz 1857 [synonym], Ptychemys Agassiz 1857 [synonym]
G. †Pseudochrysemys Sukhanov and Narmandakh 1976
G. †Pseudograptemys Hutchison 1996
G. Pyxidea Gray 1862 [Keeled box turtles]
G. †Sakya Carroll 1988
G. †Senryuemys Shikama 1953
G. †Shansiemys Yeh 1963
G. †Sharemys Gilmore 1931
G. Terrapene Merrem 1820 [box turtle]
+
Invalid names: Cistudo Dumeril and Bibron 1835 [synonym], Toxaspis Cope 1889 [synonym]
Invalid names: Chrysemys limnodytes Galbreath 1948 [nomen dubium], Cistudinidae Cope 1882 [synonym], Clemmys hutchensorum Bourque 2016 [nomen dubium], Clemmys saxea Hay 1903 [nomen dubium], Deirochelys floridana Hay 1908 [nomen dubium], Emydoidea hutchisoni Holman 1995 [nomen dubium], Pseudemys bisornatus Cope 1877 [nomen dubium], Pseudemys extincta Hay 1908 [nomen dubium], Pseudemys hillii Cope 1878 [nomen dubium]
G. †Euroemys Hervet 2004
+
Euroemys kehreri Staesche 1928
Euroemys vidalenci Hervet 2004
G. †Francellia Hervet 2004
+
Francellia messeliana Staesche 1928
Francellia salouagmirae Hervet 2004
Fm. Geoemydidae Theobald 1868
+
G. †Bridgeremys Hutchison 2006
G. †Clemmydopsis Boda 1927
G. Cuora Gray 1855 [Asian box turtle]
G. Cyclemys Bell 1834 [Asian leaf turtle]
G. †Echmatemys Hay 1906
G. †Geiselemys Khosatzky and Mlynarski 1966
G. Geoemyda Gray 1834
Subfm. Geoemydinae Theobald 1868
G. †Guangdongemys Claude et al. 2012
G. †Isometremys Chow and Yeh 1962
G. Mauremys Gray 1870 [pond turtle]
+
Invalid names: Paralichelys Bergounioux 1935 [synonym]
G. Ocadia Gray 1870
G. Orlitia Gray 1873
G. †Palaeochelys Meyer 1847
Unr. Palatochelydia Joyce and Lyson 2010
Subfm. †Ptychogasterinae De Stefano 1903
Tr. †Ptychogastrini De Stefano 1903
Subfm. Rhinoclemmydinae Gray 1873
G. Rhinoclemmys Fitzinger 1835
G. Sacalia Gray 1870 [eyed turtle]
G. Siebenrockiella Lindholm 1929 [black marsh turtle]
+
Invalid names: Bellia Gray 1869 [replaced]
Invalid names: Palaeochelyinae Karl and Wettlaufer 2011 [empty]
G. †Landreatchelys Hervet 2004
+
Landreatchelys oweni Lydekker 1889
+
Invalid names: Clemmys vidali Bergounioux 1932 [synonym]
Fm. †Lindholmemydidae Chkhikvadze 1970
+
G. †Amuremys Danilov et al. 2002
G. †Elkemys Chkhikvadze 1976
G. †Gravemys Sukhanov and Narmandakh 1983
G. †Hokouchelys Yeh 1974
G. †Hongilemys Sukhanov and Narmandakh 2006
G. †Khodzhakulemys Danilov 1999
G. †Lindholmemys Riabinin 1935
G. †Mongolemys Khosatzky and Mlynarski 1971
G. †Paragravemys Sukhanov et al. 1999
G. †Paramongolemys Danilov and Sukhanov 2013
G. †Shandongemys Li et al. 2013
G. †Tsaotanemys Bohlin 1953
Invalid names: Hongilemys Sukhanov 2000 [nomen nudum]
G. †Owenemys Hervet 2004
+
Owenemys corroyi Bergounioux 1933
+
Invalid names: Chrysemys bicarinata Owen and Bell 1849 [synonym]
G. †Palaeomauremys Hervet 2004
+
Palaeomauremys mlynarskii Hervet and de Broin 2000
Unr. †Panemydidae Joyce et al. 2004
+
G. †Acherontemys Hay 1899
G. †Psilosemys Hutchison 2013
Unr. †Pangeoemydidae Joyce 2007
+
G. †Banhxeochelys Garbin et al. 2019
Unr. †Pantestudinidae Joyce et al. 2004
+
G. †Cymatholcus Clark 1932
G. †Hadrianus Cope 1872
G. †Oligopherus Hutchison 1996
G. †Promalacoclemmys Reinach 1900
+
Promalacoclemmys laharpi Pictet and Humbert 1861
+
Invalid names: Emys charpentieri Pictet and Humbert 1861 [synonym], Emys renevieri Portis 1882 [synonym], Emys sulcata Portis 1882 [synonym]
+
Invalid names: Emys gessneri Meyer 1851 [synonym], Ocadia hessleriana Reinach 1900 [synonym], Promalacoclemmys boulengeri Reinach 1900 [synonym]
G. †Provencemys Hervet 2004
+
Provencemys lachati Sauvage 1873
+
Invalid names: Clemmys manuascensis Bergounioux 1934 [synonym]
Provencemys laurenti Bergounioux 1934
Fm. Testudinidae Batsch 1788
+
G. †Achilemys Hay 1908
G. Aldabrachelys Loveridge and Williams 1957
+
Invalid names: Dipsochelys Bour 1982 [synonym]
G. †Anhuichelys Yeh 1979
G. Astrochelys Gray 1873
G. †Barnesia Karl 2018
G. Cachuga Gray 1855
G. †Cautleya Lydekker 1885
G. Chersina Gray 1831
G. †Cylindraspis Fitzinger 1835
G. Damonia Gray 1869
G. †Eochersina Karl 2018
G. †Eochersis Karl 2018
G. †Floridemys Williams 1950
+
Invalid names: Bystra Hay 1916 [replaced]
G. †Fontainechelon Pérez-García et al. 2016
Tr. Geochelonini Swingland and Klemens 1989
Subfm. Gopherinae Swingland and Klemens 1989
G. Gopherus Rafinesque 1832 [gopher tortoise]
+
Invalid names: Bysmachelys Johnston 1937 [synonym], Scaptochelys Bramble 1982 [synonym], Xerobates Agassiz 1857 [synonym]
G. Homopus Duméril and Bibron 1834 [cape tortoise]
G. †Juvemys Hervet 2003
G. †Kansuchelys Yeh 1963
G. Malacochersus Lindholm 1929
G. Manouria Gray 1852
G. †Megalochelys Falconer and Cautley 1837
G. †Miotestudo Deraniyagala 1967
G. †Nicoria Gray 1855
G. †Palaeoemys Schleich 1994
G. †Pelorochelon Pérez-García et al. 2016
Subfm. Platysterninae Gray 1869
G. †Protestudo Chkhikvadze 1970
G. Psammobates Fitzinger 1835
G. Pyxis Bell 1827
G. †Sinohadrianus Ping 1929
G. †Solitudo Valenti et al. 2022
Subfm. Testudininae Gray 1825
Subfm. †Xerobatinae Agassiz 1857
Invalid names: Caryoderma Cope 1886 [nomen dubium], Chelys patagonica Wieland 1923 [nomen dubium], Emys sombrerensis Leidy 1868 [nomen dubium], Geochelone (Hesperotestudo) equicomes Hay 1917 [nomen dubium], Geocheloninae Swingland and Klemens 1989 [empty], Gopherus pertenius Cope 1892 [nomen dubium], Gopherus praecedens Hay 1916 [nomen dubium], Stylemys calaverensis Sinclair 1903 [nomen dubium], Testudininei de Broin and de la Fuente 1993 [empty], Testudinites sellovii Weiss 1830 [nomen dubium], Testudo annae Hay 1923 [nomen dubium], Testudo atascosae Hay 1902 [nomen dubium], Testudo castrensis Bergounioux 1935 [nomen dubium], Testudo cultrata Cope 1873 [nomen dubium], Testudo exornata Lambe 1906 [nomen dubium], Testudo formosa Moreno 1889 [nomen dubium], Testudo francisi Hay 1923 [nomen dubium], Testudo hayi Sellards 1916 [nomen dubium], Testudo klettiana Cope 1875 [nomen dubium], Testudo laticaudata Cope 1893 [nomen dubium], Testudo louisekressmani Wark 1929 [nomen dubium], Testudo luciae Hay 1916 [nomen dubium], Testudo ocalana Hay 1916 [nomen dubium], Testudo paranensis Scalabrini 1887 [nomen nudum], Testudo peragrans Hay 1906 [nomen dubium], Testudo quadratus Cope 1884 [nomen dubium], Testudo semenensis Bergounioux 1955 [nomen dubium], Testudo undata Cope 1875 [nomen dubium]
G. †Wutuchelys Tong et al. 2017
+
Wutuchelys eocenica Tong et al. 2017
Invalid names: Chrysemys (Pseudemys) hibbardi Preston 1979 [nomen dubium], Clemmys hesperia Hay 1903 [nomen dubium], Clemmys percrassus Cope 1899 [nomen dubium], Emys euglypha Leidy 1889 [nomen dubium], Emys euthnetus Cope 1873 [nomen dubium], Emys latilabiatus Cope 1871 [nomen dubium], Emys megaulax Cope 1873 [nomen dubium], Emys pachylomus Cope 1873 [nomen dubium], Emys petrolei Leidy 1868 [nomen dubium], Eupachemys obtusus Leidy 1877 [nomen dubium], Hadrianus allabiatus Cope 1871 [nomen dubium], Hybemys arenarius Leidy 1871 [nomen dubium], Notomorpha testudinea Cope 1872 [nomen dubium], Rhinoclemmys nicoyana Acuña-Mesen and Laurito-Mora 1996 [nomen dubium], Testudo culbratus Cope 1873 [nomen dubium], Testudo distans Hay 1916 [nomen dubium], Testudo isis Andrews 1906 [nomen dubium], Testudo munda Hay 1920 [nomen dubium], Trachemys delicata Hay 1916 [nomen dubium], Trachemys nuchocarinata Hay 1916 [nomen dubium]
G. †Polysternum Bergounioux 1935
Unr. †Selmacryptodira Gaffney et al.
+
Invalid names: Kallokibotionidae Gaffney and Meylan 1992 [empty]
Subor. Trionychia
+
Unr. Carettochelyidae Gill 1889
+
G. †Akrochelys Bergounioux 1935
+
Akrochelys neuvillei Bergounioux 1935
G. †Anosteira Leidy 1871
+
Anosteira manchuriana Zangerl 1947
Anosteira maomingensis Chow and Liu 1955
Anosteira mongoliensis Gilmore 1931
+
Invalid names: Anosteira shantungensis Cheng 1961 [synonym]
Anosteira ornata Leidy 1871
Anosteira pulchra Clark 1932
Anosteira radulina Cope 1872
Anosteira shuvalovi Chkhikvadze 1979
Subfm. †Anosteirinae Lydekker 1889
+
G. †Kyzilkumemys Nesov 1977
G. †Pseudanosteira Clark 1932
G. †Pseudotrionyx Dollo 1886
Unr. †Carettochelyinae Boulenger 1887
+
Tr. †Allaeochelyini Godinot et al. 2018
G. †Burmemys Hutchison et al. 2004
G. †Hemichelys Lydekker 1887
G. Carettochelys Ramsay 1886 [pig-nose turtle]
+
Carettochelys insculpta Ramsay 1886 [Pignose turtle]
Carettochelys niahensis White et al. 2023
G. †Kizylkumemys Nessov 1977
+
Kizylkumemys khoratensis Tong et al. 2005
Kizylkumemys schultzi Nessov 1977
Invalid names: Kizylkumemys schultzi mirabilis Nessov 1981 [nomen dubium]
G. †Pseudanosteira Clark 1932
Invalid names: Allaeochelyinae Bergounioux 1952 [empty], Anosteira radulina Cope 1872 [nomen dubium], Apholidemys granosa Pomel 1847 [nomen nudum], Apholidemys sublaevis Pomel 1847 [nomen nudum], Chorlakkichelys de Broin 1987 [nomen dubium], Chorlakkichelys shahi de Broin 1987 [nomen dubium]
G. †Kappachelys Hirayama et al. 2013
+
Kappachelys okurai Hirayama et al. 2013
Unr. †Pantrionychidae Joyce et al. 2004
+
G. †Drazinderetes Head et al. 1999
+
Drazinderetes tethyensis Head et al. 1999
G. †Khunnuchelys Brinkman et al. 1993
+
Khunnuchelys erinhotensis Brinkman et al. 1993
Khunnuchelys kizylkumensis Brinkman et al. 1993
Khunnuchelys lophorhothon Danilov et al. 2015
G. †Murgonemys White 2001
+
Unr. †Plastomenidae Hay 1902
+
G. †Aspideretoides Gardner et al. 1995
G. †Atoposemys Hutchison 2013
G. †Gilmoremys Joyce and Lyson 2011
G. †Jimemys Edgar et al. 2022
Unr. †Plastomenini Jasinski et al. 2022
Invalid names: Amyda egregia Hay 1908 [nomen dubium], Amyda salebrosa Hay 1908 [nomen dubium], Anostira molopina Cope 1872 [nomen dubium], Anostira oedemia Cope 1872 [nomen dubium], Anostira trionychoides Cope 1872 [nomen dubium], Aspideretes amnigenus Hay 1910 [nomen dubium], Aspideretes perplexus Gilmore 1919 [nomen dubium], Plastomenus catenatus Cope 1875 [nomen dubium], Plastomenus coalescens Cope 1875 [nomen dubium], Plastomenus communis Cope 1875 [nomen dubium], Plastomenus corrugatus Cope 1875 [nomen dubium], Plastomenus costatus Cope 1875 [nomen dubium], Plastomenus fractus Cope 1875 [nomen dubium], Plastomenus insignis Cope 1874 [nomen dubium], Plastomenus lachrymalis Cope 1875 [nomen dubium], Plastomenus multifoveatus Cope 1873 [nomen dubium], Plastomenus punctulatus Cope 1874 [nomen dubium], Plastomenus serialis Cope 1877 [nomen dubium], Plastomenus torrejonensis Gilmore 1919 [nomen dubium], Platypeltis amnicola Hay 1907 [nomen dubium], Platypeltis antiqua Hay 1907 [nomen dubium], Platypeltis trepida Hay 1907 [nomen dubium], Procyclanorbis sardus Portis 1901 [nomen dubium], Trionyx buiei Cope 1870 [nomen dubium], Trionyx cariosus Cope 1875 [nomen dubium], Trionyx cellulosus Cope 1868 [nomen dubium], Trionyx concentricus Cope 1872 [nomen dubium], Trionyx guttatus Leidy 1869 [nomen dubium], Trionyx halophilus Cope 1869 [nomen dubium], Trionyx heteroglyptus Cope 1873 [nomen dubium], Trionyx leptomitus Cope 1875 [nomen dubium], Trionyx pennatus Cope 1869 [nomen dubium], Trionyx priscus Cope 1869 [nomen dubium], Trionyx punctiger Cope 1891 [nomen dubium], Trionyx quinni Holman 1982 [nomen dubium], Trionyx radulus Cope 1875 [nomen dubium], Trionyx vagans Cope 1874 [nomen dubium], Trionyx ventricosus Cope 1877 [nomen dubium], Trionyx virginiana Clark 1895 [nomen dubium]
Fm. Trionychidae Gray 1825 [softshell turtle]
+
G. Apalone Rafinesque 1832 [softshell turtle]
+
Subg. Apalone (Platypeltis) Fitzinger 1835
+
Platypeltis ferox Schneider 1783 [Florida softshell turtle]
Platypeltis sternbergi Wiman 1933
Apalone amorense Valdes et al. 2017
Apalone ferox Schneider 1783 [Florida softshell turtle]
Apalone lima Cope 1869
Apalone mutica LeSueur 1827 [smooth softshell turtle]
Apalone spinifera LeSueur 1827 [spiny softshell turtle]
Apalone trionychoides Cope 1872
G. Aspideretes Hay 1904
+
Aspideretes gangeticus Cuvier 1825 [Indian softshell]
Aspideretes hurum Gray 1831 [Indian peacock softshell]
Aspideretes leithii Gray 1872 [Leith's softshell]
Aspideretes nigricans Anderson 1875 [Black softshell]
Aspideretes sinuosus Chow and Yeh 1958
G. Aspidonectes Wagler 1830
Subfm. †Chitrainae Jasinski et al. 2022
+
G. Chitra Gray 1844
+
Chitra chitra Nutaphand 1986
+
Invalid names: Chitra selenkae Jaekel 1911 [replaced]
Chitra indica Gray 1831
+
Invalid names: Trionyx indicus Gray 1831 [synonym]
Chitra vandijki McCord and Pritchard 2003 [Burmese narrow-headed softshell turtle]
G. Pelochelys Gray 1864
+
Pelochelys bibroni Owen 1853 [Asian giant softshell]
G. †Conchochelys Hay 1905
G. †Crassithecachelys Chkhikvadze 2000
Subfm. Cyclanorbinae Hummel 1929
+
G. Cyclanorbis Gray 1854
+
Cyclanorbis senegalensis Dumeril and Bibron 1835
Cyclanorbis turkanensis Meylan et al. 1990
G. Cycloderma Peters 1854
+
Cycloderma aubryi Joyce and Lyson 2010
Cycloderma debroinae Meylan et al. 1990
Cycloderma frenatum Peters 1854
Cycloderma victoriae Andrews 1914
G. Lissemys Smith 1931
+
Lissemys ceylonensis Gray 1856 [Sri Lankan flapshell turtle]
Lissemys punctata Bonnaterre 1789
Lissemys scutata Peters 1868 [Burmese flapshell turtle]
Invalid names: Emyda lineata Lydekker 1885 [nomen dubium], Emyda palaeindica Lydekker 1885 [nomen dubium], Emyda sivalensis Lydekker 1885 [nomen dubium], Lissemys piramensis Prasad 1974 [nomen dubium], Lissemys punctata sinhaleyus Deraniyagala 1953 [nomen dubium]
G. †Nemegtemys Danilov et al. 2014
+
Nemegtemys conflata Danilov et al. 2014
G. †Eugenechelys Chkhikvadze 2000
G. †Hummelichelys Chkhikvadze 2000
Subfm. †Kuhnemydinae Jasinski et al. 2022
+
G. †Kuhnemys Chkhikvadze 1999
+
Kuhnemys breviplastra Danilov et al. 2014
+
Invalid names: Aspideretes alashanensis Yeh 1965 [synonym], Trionyx alashanensis Yeh 1965 [synonym]
Kuhnemys orlovi Khosatzky 1976
Kuhnemys palaeocenica Danilov et al. 2015
G. †Perochelys Li et al. 2015
+
Perochelys hengshanensis Brinkman et al. 2017
Perochelys lamadongensis Li et al. 2015
G. †Petrochelys Vitek et al. 2017
+
Petrochelys kyrgyzensis Nessov 1995
G. †Paleotrionyx Schmidt 1945
G. †Striatochelys Massonne et al. 2023
+
Striatochelys baba Massonne et al. 2023
G. †Temnotrionyx Hay 1908
Subfm. Trionychinae Gray 1825 [softshell turtle]
+
G. †Aulacochelys Lydekker 1889
G. †Axestemys Hay 1899
+
Axestemys byssina Cope 1872
Axestemys byssinus Cope 1872
+
Invalid names: Eugenechelys robertemryi Chkhikvadze 2008 [synonym], Temnotrionyx manducans Hay 1908 [synonym]
Axestemys cerevisia Vitek 2012
Axestemys erquelinnensis Perez-Garcia and Smith 2021
Axestemys infernalis Joyce et al. 2019
Axestemys montinsana Vitek 2012
Axestemys quinni Schmidt 1945
+
Invalid names: Aspideretes granifer Hay 1909 [synonym], Aspideretes planus Parks 1933 [synonym]
Axestemys vittata Pomel 1847
+
Invalid names: Eurycephalochelys fowleri Moody and Walker 1970 [synonym], Trionyx levalensis Dollo 1909 [synonym]
Invalid names: Axestus Cope 1872 [synonym], Eurycephalochelys Moody and Walker 1970 [synonym]
Tr. Chitrini Gray 1870
+
G. Amyda Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire 1809
G. †Palaeoamyda Cadena 2016
G. Dogania Gray 1844
+
Dogania maortuensis Yeh 1965
Dogania subplana Geoffrey Saint-Hilaire 1809 [Malayan softshell]
G. Nilssonia Gray 1869 [Burmese peacock softshells]
+
Nilssonia formosa Gray 1869 [Burmese peacock softshell]
Nilssonia gangetica Cuvier 1825 [Indian softshell turtle]
Nilssonia hurum Gray 1830
+
Invalid names: Trionyx hurum Gray 1831 [synonym]
Nilssonia leithii Gray 1872 [Leiths softshell turtle]
Nilssonia nigricans Anderson 1875 [Black softshell turtle]
Invalid names: Trionyx hurum sivalensis Lydekker 1889 [synonym]
G. Palea Siebenrock 1906 [Wattleneck softshells]
+
Palea steindachneri Siebenrock 1906 [Wattleneck softshell]
G. Pelodiscus Fitzinger 1835
+
Pelodiscus axenaria Zhou et al. 1991 [Hunan softshell turtle]
Pelodiscus gracilia Yeh 1963
Pelodiscus maackii Brandt 1857 [Northern Chinese softshell turtle]
Pelodiscus parviformis Tang 1997 [Lesser Chinese softshell turtle]
Pelodiscus sinensis Wiegmann 1835 [Chinese softshell]
Invalid names: Trionyx sinuosus Chow and Yeh 1958 [nomen dubium]
G. Rafetus Gray 1864
+
Rafetus bohemicus Liebus 1930
Rafetus euphraticus Daudin 1802 [Euphrates softshell]
Rafetus swinhoei Gray 1873
+
Invalid names: Pelochelys taihuensis Zhang 1984 [synonym], Trionyx liupani Tao 1986 [synonym]
Tr. Trionychini Gray 1825
+
Subtr. Apalonina Meylan 1987 [softshell turtle]
G. †Gobiapalone Danilov et al. 2014
G. †Oliveremys Vitek 2011
G. †Rafetoides Karl 1998
Invalid names: Rafetoidina Karl 1998 [empty], Trionychina Gray 1825 [empty]
G. Trionyx Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire 1809
+
Trionyx admirabilis Hay 1905
Trionyx aequa Hay 1908
+
Invalid names: Amyda crassa Hay 1908 [synonym]
Trionyx allani Gilmore 1923
Trionyx austerus Hay 1908
+
Invalid names: Aspideretes fontanus Hay 1908 [synonym], Aspideretes vorax Hay 1908 [synonym]
Trionyx baynshirensis Danilov et al. 2014
Trionyx beecheri Hay 1904
Trionyx boulengeri Reinach 1900
+
Invalid names: Trionyx clavatomarginatus Lörenthey 1903 [synonym]
Trionyx capellinii Negri 1892
+
Invalid names: Trionyx affinis Negri 1892 [synonym], Trionyx capellinii conjugens Sacco 1894 [synonym], Trionyx capellinii gracilina Sacco 1895 [synonym], Trionyx capellinii montevialensis Negri 1892 [synonym], Trionyx gemmellaroi Negri 1892 [synonym], Trionyx insolitus Bergounioux 1954 [synonym], Trionyx intermedius Bergounioux 1954 [synonym], Trionyx schaurothianus Negri 1893 [synonym]
Trionyx dissolutus Vitek and Danilov 2014
Trionyx ellipticus Hay 1908
+
Invalid names: Aspideretes annae Zangerl 1944 [synonym], Aspideretes grangeri Hay 1908 [synonym]
Trionyx eloisae Gilmore 1919
Trionyx foveatus Leidy 1856
+
Invalid names: Aspideretes maturus Lambe 1914 [synonym], Aspideretes rugosus Parks 1933 [synonym], Aspideretes subquadratus Lambe 1914 [synonym]
Trionyx gangeticus Cuvier 1824
Trionyx gilbentuensis Danilov et al. 2014
Trionyx gobiensis Danilov et al. 2014
Trionyx gregarius Gilmore 1934
+
Invalid names: Rafetus gilmorei Chkhikvadze 1999 [synonym]
Trionyx henrici Owen and Bell 1849
+
Invalid names: Trionyx barbarae Owen and Bell 1849 [synonym], Trionyx circumsulcatus Owen and Bell 1849 [synonym], Trionyx incrassatus Owen and Bell 1849 [synonym], Trionyx marginatus Owen and Bell 1849 [synonym], Trionyx planus Owen and Bell 1849 [synonym], Trionyx rivosus Owen and Bell 1849 [synonym]
Trionyx ikoviensis Danilov et al. 2011
Trionyx jixiensis Li et al. 2015
Trionyx johnsoni Gilmore 1931
+
Invalid names: Amyda neimenguensis Yeh 1965 [synonym]
Trionyx kansaiensis Vitek and Danilov 2010
Trionyx latus Gilmore 1919
Trionyx linchuensis Yeh 1962
Trionyx miensis Okazaki and Yoshida 1977
Trionyx minusculus Chkhikvadze 1973
Trionyx miocaenus Matthew 1924
Trionyx mira Hay 1908
+
Invalid names: Platypeltis extensa Hay 1908 [synonym], Platypeltis postera Hay 1908 [synonym]
Trionyx ninae Chkhikvadze 1971
+
Invalid names: Trionyx turgaicus Kuznetsov and Chkhikvadze 1977 [synonym], Trionyx zaisanensis Chkhikvadze 1973 [synonym]
Trionyx onomatoplokos Kuznetsov and Chkhikvadze 1987
Trionyx phayrei Theobald 1868
Trionyx pliocenicus Fucini 1912
Trionyx reesidei Gilmore 1919
+
Invalid names: Aspideretes quadratus Gilmore 1919 [synonym]
Trionyx riabinini Kuznetsov and Chkhikvadze 1987
Trionyx robustus Gilmore 1919
+
Invalid names: Aspideretes ovatus Gilmore 1935 [synonym]
Trionyx shiluutulensis Danilov et al. 2014
Trionyx silvestris Walker and Moody 1974
+
Invalid names: Trionyx michauxi Broin 1977 [synonym]
Trionyx singularis Hay 1907
+
Invalid names: Aspideretes puercensis Hay 1908 [synonym], Aspideretes sagatus Hay 1908 [synonym]
Trionyx triunguis Forksal 1775 [African softshell turtle]
Trionyx uintaensis Cope 1873
+
Invalid names: Amyda franciscae Hay 1908 [synonym], Amyda nelsoni Case 1927 [synonym], Aspidonectes tritor Hay 1904 [synonym]
Trionyx vindobonensis Peters 1855
+
Invalid names: Trionyx brunhuberi Ammon 1911 [synonym], Trionyx gergensi Reinach 1900 [synonym], Trionyx hoernesi Heritsch 1909 [synonym], Trionyx peneckei Heritsch 1909 [synonym], Trionyx petersi Hoernes 1881 [synonym], Trionyx rostratus Arthaber 1898 [synonym], Trionyx septemcostatus Hoernes 1881 [synonym], Trionyx teiritzbergensis Gemel 2002 [synonym], Trionyx teyleri Winkler 1869 [synonym]
Invalid names: Francedebroinella Chkhikvadze 1999 [synonym], Sinamyda Chkhikvadze 2000 [synonym], Trionyx capellinii perexpansa Sacco 1895 [synonym], Trionyx nopcsai Szalai 1934 [nomen dubium]
Invalid names: Trionyx (Amyda) subangularis Bergounioux 1954 [nomen dubium], Trionyx bambolii Ristori 1891 [nomen dubium], Trionyx blayaci Bergounioux 1933 [nomen dubium], Trionyx desmostyli Matsumoto 1918 [nomen dubium], Trionyx dieupentalensis Bergounioux 1935 [nomen dubium], Trionyx harmati Szalai 1934 [nomen dubium], Trionyx irregularis Bergounioux 1954 [nomen dubium], Trionyx pliopedemontana Sacco 1889 [nomen dubium], Trionyx stadleri Teppner 1913 [nomen dubium], Trionyx stiriacus Peters 1855 [nomen dubium]
G. †Zangerlichelys Chkhikvadze 2000
Invalid names: Altaytrionyx Chkhikvadze 2008 [nomen dubium], Altaytrionyx burtschaki Chkhikvadze 2008 [nomen dubium], Altaytrionyx devjatkini Chkhikvadze 2008 [nomen dubium], Altaytrionyx phiruzae Chkhikvadze 2008 [nomen dubium], Amyda menneri Chkhikvadze 1988 [nomen dubium], Aspideretes jaxarticus Riabinin 1938 [nomen nudum], Aspideretes muyuensis Lei and Ye 1985 [nomen dubium], Aspilus Portis 1885 [nomen dubium], Aspilus cortesii Portis 1885 [nomen dubium], Chitra minor Jaekel 1911 [nomen dubium], Lissemydinae Williams 1950 [empty], Paleotrionyx jimenezfuentesi Chkhikvadze 1995 [nomen dubium], Plastomenus gabunii Chkhikvadze 1984 [nomen dubium], Plastomenus jaxarticus Riabinin 1938 [nomen nudum], Plastomenus mlynarskii Chkhikvadze 1970 [nomen dubium], Platypeltis subcircularis Chow and Yeh 1957 [nomen dubium], Procyclanorbis Portis 1901 [nomen dubium], Rafetini Chkhikvadze 2000 [empty], Rafetus karkhualexandri Chkhikvadze 2000 [nomen nudum], Rafetus yexiangkuii Chkhikvadze 1999 [nomen dubium], Trionyx acutiformis Bergounioux 1935 [nomen dubium], Trionyx amansii Gray 1831 [nomen dubium], Trionyx anthracotheriorum Portis 1883 [nomen dubium], Trionyx aquitanicus Delfortrie 1869 [nomen dubium], Trionyx aspidiformis Laube 1900 [nomen dubium], Trionyx australiensis De Vis 1894 [nomen dubium], Trionyx austriacus Peters 1859 [nomen dubium], Trionyx borkenensis Gramann 1956 [nomen dubium], Trionyx bowerbanki Lydekker 1889 [nomen dubium], Trionyx bruxelliensis Winkler 1869 [nomen dubium], Trionyx burdigalensis Bergounioux 1935 [nomen dubium], Trionyx capellinii bulgaricus Khosatzky et al. 1983 [nomen dubium], Trionyx chaubeti Bergounioux 1935 [nomen dubium], Trionyx ciryi Bergounioux 1935 [nomen dubium], Trionyx cliftii Fitzinger 1835 [nomen nudum], Trionyx croaticus Koch 1915 [nomen dubium], Trionyx danovi Chkhikvadze 1989 [nomen dubium], Trionyx dodunii Gray 1831 [nomen nudum], Trionyx elongatus Liebus 1930 [nomen dubium], Trionyx erquelinnensis Dollo 1909 [nomen nudum], Trionyx hilberi Hoernes 1892 [nomen dubium], Trionyx ishiharaensis Miura and Uyama 1987 [nomen dubium], Trionyx italicus Schauroth 1865 [nomen dubium], Trionyx jakhimovitchae Chkhikvadze 1989 [nomen dubium], Trionyx kazusensis Otsuka 1969 [nomen dubium], Trionyx khosatzkyi Chkhikvadze 1983 [nomen dubium], Trionyx laurillardii Gray 1831 [nomen dubium], Trionyx lockardi Gray 1831 [nomen nudum], Trionyx lorioli Portis 1882 [nomen dubium], Trionyx manouri Gray 1831 [nomen dubium], Trionyx marini Hernández Sampelayo and Bataller 1944 [nomen dubium], Trionyx moldaviensis Khosatzky 1986 [nomen dubium], Trionyx mourieri Bergounioux 1935 [nomen dubium], Trionyx munzenbergensis Hummel 1927 [nomen nudum], Trionyx oligocenica Negri 1892 [nomen nudum], Trionyx oweni Reinach 1900 [nomen dubium], Trionyx parisiensis Gray 1831 [nomen dubium], Trionyx partschii Peters 1855 [nomen dubium], Trionyx pedemontana Portis 1879 [nomen dubium], Trionyx petersi trifailensis Teppner 1914 [nomen dubium], Trionyx pliocaenicus Reinach 1903 [nomen dubium], Trionyx pompignanensis Bergounioux 1933 [nomen dubium], Trionyx pontanus Laube 1895 [nomen dubium], Trionyx portisi Ristori 1891 [nomen dubium], Trionyx preschenensis Laube 1900 [nomen dubium], Trionyx propinquus Ristori 1891 [nomen dubium], Trionyx pseudovindobonensis Szalai 1934 [nomen dubium], Trionyx pustulatus Owen and Bell 1849 [nomen dubium], Trionyx ragusensis De Gregorio 1883 [nomen dubium], Trionyx reticulatus Rieppel 1979 [nomen dubium], Trionyx rocchettiana Portis 1882 [nomen dubium], Trionyx roncensis Harrassowitz 1919 [nomen dubium], Trionyx rotundiformis Bergounioux 1933 [nomen dubium], Trionyx sculptus Gilmore 1931 [nomen dubium], Trionyx senckenbergianus Reinach 1903 [nomen dubium], Trionyx senensis Ristori 1891 [nomen dubium], Trionyx siegeri Heritsch 1909 [nomen dubium], Trionyx sophiae Heritsch 1909 [nomen dubium], Trionyx stormsi Delheid 1899 [nomen dubium], Trionyx ubeensis Chitani 1925 [nomen dubium], Trionyx valdensis Portis 1882 [nomen dubium], Trionyx zakhidovi Khosatzky 1966 [nomen dubium], Zaisanonyx Chkhikvadze 2008 [nomen dubium]
Superfm. Trionychoidea Fitzinger 1826
+
Fm. †Adocidae Cope 1869
+
G. †Adocoides Sukhanov and Narmandakh 2006
G. †Adocus Cope 1868
+
Adocus agilis Cope 1868
Adocus aksary Nessov and Krasovskaya 1984
Adocus amtgai Narmandakh 1985
Adocus beatus Leidy 1865
+
Invalid names: Adocus lacer Hay 1908 [synonym], Adocus punctatus Marsh 1890 [synonym]
Adocus bossi Gilmore 1919
Adocus bostobensis Syromyatnikova and Danilov 2009
Adocus dzhurtasensis Syromyatnikova and Danilov 2009
Adocus firmus Leidy 1856
Adocus foveatus Nesov and Khozarskii 1977
Adocus hesperius Gilmore 1919
Adocus inexpectatus Danilov et al. 2013
Adocus kazachstanica Chkhikvadze 1973
Adocus kirtlandius Gilmore 1919
Adocus kizylkumensis Nesov 1981
Adocus kokaku Hirayama et al. 2021
Adocus lineolatus Cope 1874
Adocus microglypha Cope 1871
Adocus onerosus Gilmore 1919
Adocus orientalis Gilmore 1931
Adocus planus Sukhanov and Narmandakh 2006
Adocus pravus Leidy 1856
Adocus sengokuensis Sonoda et al. 2015
Adocus striatula Cope 1869
Adocus syntheticus Cope 1869
Adocus vigoratus Hay 1910
Invalid names: Alamosemys Hay 1908 [synonym], Homorophus Cope 1869 [synonym], Shineusemys Sukhanov and Narmandakh 2006 [synonym], Zygoramma Cope 1869 [synonym]
G. †Ferganemys Nessov and Yulinen 1977
+
Ferganemys itemirensis Nesov 1981
Ferganemys verzilini Nesov and Khozatskii 1977
G. †Isanemys Tong et al. 2006
+
Isanemys srisuki Tong et al. 2006
Subfm. †Shachemydinae Khosatzky 1977
+
G. †Protoshachemys Tong et al. 2019
Invalid names: Mlynarskiella Shuvalov and Chkhikvadze 1986 [nomen dubium], Mlynarskiella mariani Shuvalov and Ckhikvadze 1986 [nomen dubium]
G. †Shachemys Kuznetsov 1976
+
Shachemys ancestralis Nessov 1984
Shachemys baibolatica Kuznetsov 1976
Shachemys laosiana de Lapparent de Broin 2004
G. †Shineusemys Sukhanov and Narmandakh 2006
+
Sineusemys plana Sukhanov and Narmandakh 2000
Invalid names: Sineusemys plana Sukhanov and Narmandakh 2000 [valid]
Invalid names: Adocinae Cope 1869 [empty], Adocoides Narmandakh 1985 [nomen nudum], Adocus askari Nesov and Krasovskaya 1984 [nomen dubium]
G. †Basilochelys Tong et al. 2009
+
Basilochelys macrobios Tong et al. 2009
Fm. Kinosternoidea Hay 1892 [mud turtle]
+
G. Aromochelys Gray
G. Cinosternum von Spix 1824 [mud turtle]
Fm. Kinosternidae Hay 1892
+
G. †Baltemys Hutchison 1991
Unr. Kinosterninae Baur 1893
G. Kinosternon von Spix 1824 [mud turtle]
+
Invalid names: Platythyra Agassiz 1857 [synonym]
G. †Leiochelys Brinkman et al. 2023
Subfm. Staurotypinae Gray 1869
G. Staurotypus Wagler 1830 [Mexican musk turtle]
G. †Xenochelys Hay 1906
G. †Yelmochelys Brinkman et al. 2016
Unr. †Pandermatemys Joyce et al. 2004
+
G. †Agomphus Cope 1871
+
Invalid names: Amphiemys Cope 1877 [synonym]
G. †Baptemys Leidy 1870
+
Invalid names: Gomphochelys Bourque et al. 2015 [synonym], Notomorpha Cope 1872 [synonym]
Fm. Dermatemydidae Baur 1888
G. †Hoplochelys Hay 1908
G. Sternotherus Gray 1825 [musk turtle]
Invalid names: Aromochelys Gray [valid], Cinosternum von Spix 1824 [valid], Kinosternidae Hay 1892 [valid], Pandermatemys Joyce et al. 2004 [valid], Sternotherus Gray 1825 [valid]
G. †Sinaspideretes Young and Chow 1953
+
Sinaspideretes wimani Young and Chow 1953
Invalid names: Yehguia Danilov and Parham 2006 [synonym]
Invalid names: Peltochelyidae Seeley 1880 [empty], Planetochelyidae Hutchison 2013 [empty]
Invalid names: Adocusia Danilov and Parham 2006 [empty], Carettochelyoidea Romer 1956 [empty], Charitonyx tajanikolaevae Chkhikvadze 1980 [nomen dubium], Chersidae Zittel 1890 [empty], Cryptoderinea Vaillant 1894 [empty], Dermatochelydidae [empty], Glyptopidae [empty], Glyptopsidae Marsh 1890 [empty], Indochelyidae Datta et al. 2000 [empty], Kallokibotioninae Nopsca 1923 [empty], Kayentachelyidae Gaffney et al. 1987 [empty], Kinosternia Gaffney and Meylan 1988 [empty], Kinosternoidae Holroyd and Hutchison 2002 [empty], Meiolaniidae Lydekker 1887 [empty], Pantrionychia Joyce et al. 2004 [empty], Platysternoidea Baur 1893 [empty], Tritosternidae Lydekker 1889 [empty]
G. †Entoplastrites Huene 1956
+
Fm. †Haichemydidae Sukhanov and Narmandakh 2006
+
G. †Haichemys Sukhanov and Narmandakh 2006
+
Haichemys ulensis Sukhanov and Narmandakh 2006
G. †Larachelus Pérez-García and Murelaga 2012
+
Larachelus morla Pérez-García and Murelaga 2012
G. †Odontochelys Li et al. 2008
+
Odontochelys semitestacea Li et al. 2008
Unr. Pancryptodira Joyce et al. 2004
+
Unr. †Macrobaenidae Sukhanov 1964
+
G. †Anatolemys Khozatsky and Nessov 1979
+
Anatolemys maximus Khozatskii and Nessov 1979
Anatolemys oxensis Khozatskii and Nessov 1977
G. †Appalachemys Gentry et al. 2023
+
Appalachemys ebersolei Gentry et al. 2023
G. †Asiachelys Sukhanov and Narmandakh 2006
+
Invalid names: Asiachelys perforata Sukhanov and Narmandakh 2000 [nomen nudum]
G. †Aurorachelys Vandermark et al. 2009
+
Aurorachelys gaffneyi Vandermark et al. 2009
G. †Changmachelys Brinkman et al. 2013
+
Changmachelys bohlini Brinkman et al. 2013
G. †Gallica Pérez-García 2020
+
Gallica lapparentiana Pérez-García 2020
G. †Hangaiemys Sukhanov and Narmandakh 1974
+
Hangaiemys acutus Bohlin 1953
Hangaiemys hoburensis Sukhanov and Narmandakh 1974
Hangaiemys kansuensis Bohlin 1953
Hangaiemys latilimbata Bohlin 1953
Hangaiemys leptis Sukhanov and Narmandakh 2006
Invalid names: Hangaiemys leptis Sukhanov and Narmandakh 2000 [nomen nudum]
G. †Judithemys Parham and Hutchison 2003
+
Judithemys sukhanovi Parham and Hutchison 2003
G. †Kirgizemys Nessov and Khozatsky 1973
+
Kirgizemys dmitrievi Nessov and Khozatskii 1981
Kirgizemys exaratus Nessov and Khozatskii 1981
G. †Macrobaena Tatarinov 1959
+
Macrobaena mongolica Tatarinov 1959
G. †Osteopygis Cope 1868
+
Osteopygis backmani Russell 1934
Osteopygis emarginata Cope 1868
+
Invalid names: Amblypeza entellus Hay 1908 [synonym], Catapleura chelydrina Cope 1875 [synonym], Osteopygis borealis Wieland 1904 [synonym], Osteopygis chelydrinus Cope 1868 [synonym], Osteopygis erosus Cope 1875 [synonym], Osteopygis gibbi Wieland 1904 [synonym], Osteopygis platylomus Cope 1870 [synonym], Osteopygis robustus Hay 1908 [synonym]
Osteopygis kranzi Weems 2014
Osteopygis russelli Brinkman 2015
G. †Oxemys Nessov 1977
+
Oxemys gutta Nessov 1977
G. †Yakemys Tong et al. 2021
+
Yakemys multiporcata Tong et al. 2021
Invalid names: Asiachelys Sukhanov 2000 [nomen nudum], Batoremys Narmandakh 2000 [nomen nudum]
G. †Owadowia Szczygielski et al. 2017
+
Owadowia borsukbialynickae Szczygielski et al. 2017
Fm. †Thalassemydidae Zittel 1889
+
G. †Changisaurus Young 1959
+
Changisaurus wutuensis Young 1961
G. †Phyllemys Schmidt 1944
G. †Sontiochelys Stache 1905
+
Sontiochelys cretacea Stache 1905
G. †Yaxartemys Riabinin 1948
+
Yaxartemys longicauda Riabinin 1948
Invalid names: Acichelyidae Lydekker 1889 [synonym], Emys beaugrandi Sauvage 1872 [nomen dubium], Trionyx primoevus Bergounioux 1937 [nomen dubium]
Unr. †Panpleurodira Danilov and Parham 2008
+
G. †Caribemys Fuente and Iturralde-Vinet 2001
Unr. †Dortokidae Lapparent de Broin and Murelaga 1996
+
G. †Dortoka Lapparent de Broin and Murelaga 1996
+
Dortoka botanica Gheerbrant et al. 1999
Dortoka vasconica Lapparent de Broin and Murelaga 1996
Dortoka vremiri Augustin et al. 2021
Invalid names: Ronella Gheerbrant et al. 1999 [synonym]
G. †Eodortoka Pérez-García et al. 2014
+
Eodortoka morellana Pérez-García et al. 2014
Invalid names: Muehlbachia Vremir and Codrea 2009 [nomen nudum], Muehlbachia nopcsai Vremir and Codrea 2009 [nomen nudum]
G. Pelomedusa Wagler 1830 [African helmeted turtle]
+
Pelomedusa senutpickfordina de Lapparent de Broin 2008
Pelomedusa subrufa Bonaterre 1789 [Helmeted turtle]
+
G. †Notoemys Cattoi and Freiberg 1961
+
Notoemys laticentralis Cattoi and Freiberg 1961
Notoemys oxfordiensis de la Fuente and Iturralde-Vinent 2001
Notoemys tlaxiacoensis Lopez-Conde et al. 2017
Notoemys zapatocaensis Cadena Rueda and Gaffney 2005
G. †Platychelys Wagner 1853
+
Platychelys oberndorferi Wagner 1853
Invalid names: Helemys Rutimeyer 1859 [nomen nudum], Helemys serrata Rutimeyer 1859 [nomen nudum], Platychelys courrenti Bergounioux 1935 [nomen nudum]
Subor. Pleurodira Cope 1865 [sideneck turtle]
+
Fm. Chelidae Gray 1825
+
G. Acanthochelys Gray 1873
+
Acanthochelys cosquinensis de la Fuente 1992
Acanthochelys macrocephala Rhodin et al. 1984 [Pantanal swamp turtle]
Acanthochelys pallidipectoris Freiberg 1945 [Chaco sideneck turtle]
Acanthochelys radiolata Mikan 1820 [Radiolated Brazilian swamp turtle]
Acanthochelys spixii Duméril and Bibron 1837 [black spine-neck swamp turtle]
G. †Birlimarr Megirian and Murray 1999
+
Birlimarr gaffneyi Megirian and Murray 1999
Subfm. Chelinae Gray 1825
+
G. Mesoclemmys Gray 1873
+
Mesoclemmys dahli Zangerl and Medem 1958
Mesoclemmys gibba Schweigger 1812 [Gibba turtle]
Mesoclemmys heliostemma McCord et al. 2001 [Yellow-crowned toad-headed turtle]
Mesoclemmys hogei Mertens 1967 [Hoge's side-necked turtle]
Mesoclemmys nasuta Schweigger 1812 [Guyanan toad-headed turtle]
+
Invalid names: Batrachemys nasuta Schweigger 1812 [synonym]
Mesoclemmys perplexa Bour and Zaher 2005 [Cerrado side-necked turtle]
Mesoclemmys raniceps Gray 1856 [Amazon toad-headed turtle]
+
Invalid names: Batrachemys raniceps Gray 1856 [synonym]
Mesoclemmys tuberculata Luederwaldt 1926 [Tuberculate toad-headed turtle]
Mesoclemmys vanderhaegei Bour 1973 [Vanderhaege's toad-headed turtle]
Mesoclemmys vanegasorum Cadena et al. 2020
Mesoclemmys zuliae Pritchard and Trebbau 1984 [Zulia toad-headed turtle]
Invalid names: Batrachemys Stejneger 1909 [synonym], Bufocephala McCord et al. 2001 [synonym], Ranacephala McCord et al. 2001 [synonym]
G. Rhinemys Wagler 1830
+
Rhinemys rufipes Spix 1824 [Red side-necked turtle]
G. Chelodina Fitzinger 1826
+
Subg. Chelodina (Chelodina) Fitzinger 1826
+
Chelodina (Chelodina) canni McCord and Thompson 2002 [Canns snake-necked turtle]
Chelodina (Chelodina) gunaleni McCord and Joseph-Ouni 2007 [Gunalens snake-necked turtle]
Chelodina (Chelodina) longicollis Shaw 1794 [Eastern snake-necked turtle]
Chelodina (Chelodina) mccordi Rhodin 1994 [Roti Island snake-necked turtle]
Chelodina (Chelodina) novaeguineae Boulenger 1888 [New Guinea snake-necked turtle]
Chelodina (Chelodina) pritchardi Rhodin 1994 [Pritchards snake-necked turtle]
Chelodina (Chelodina) reimanni Philippen and Grossmann 1990 [Reimanns snake-necked turtle]
Chelodina (Chelodina) steindachneri Siebenrock 1914 [Steindachners snake-necked turtle]
Subg. Chelodina (Macrochelodina) Wells and Wellington 1985
+
Chelodina (Macrochelodina) burrungandjii Thomson et al. 2000 [Arnhem snake-necked turtle]
Chelodina (Macrochelodina) expansa Gray 1857 [Broad-shelled snake-necked turtle]
Chelodina (Macrochelodina) kuchlingi Cann 1997 [Kuchlings snake-necked turtle]
Chelodina (Macrochelodina) oblonga Gray 1841 [Northern snake-necked turtle]
Chelodina (Macrochelodina) parkeri Rhodin and Mittermeier 1976 [Parkers snake-necked turtle]
Chelodina (Macrochelodina) walloyarrina McCord and Joseph-Ouni 2007 [Kimberley snake-necked turtle]
Subg. Chelodina (Macrodiremys) McCord and Joseph-Ouni 2007
+
Chelodina (Macrodiremys) colliei Gray 1856 [Southwestern snake-necked turtle]
Chelodina alanrixi Lapparent de Broin and Molnar 2001
Chelodina expansa Gray 1857 [Giant snakeneck turtle]
Chelodina insculpta De Vis 1897
Chelodina mccordi Rhodin 1994 [McCord's snakeneck turtle]
Chelodina murrayi Yates 2013
Chelodina novaeguinae Boulenger 1888 [New Guinea snakeneck turtle]
Chelodina oblonga Gray 1841 [Narrow-breasted snakeneck turtle]
+
Invalid names: Chelodina colliei Gray 1856 [synonym]
Chelodina parkeri Rhodin and Mittermeter 1976 [Parker's snakeneck turtle]
Chelodina pritchardi Rhodin 1994 [Pritchard's snakeneck turtle]
Chelodina reimanni Philippen and Grossmann 1990 [Reimann's snakeneck turtle]
Chelodina rugosa Ogilby 1890 [Northern Australian snakeneck turtle]
Chelodina siebenrocki Werner 1901 [Siebenrock's snakeneck turtle]
Chelodina steindachneri Siebenrock 1914 [Steindachner's snakeneck turtle]
Subfm. Chelodininae Baur 1893
+
G. Elusor Cann and Legler 1994
+
Elusor macrurus Cann and Legler 1994 [Mary River turtle]
G. Flaviemys Le et al. 2013 [Manning River sawshelled turtle]
+
Flaviemys purvisi Wells and Wellington 1985 [Manning River sawshelled turtle]
G. Chelus Duméril 1806
+
Chelus colombianus Wood 1976 [Chelus colombiana]
+
Invalid names: Chelus lewisi Wood 1976 [synonym]
Chelus fimbriata Schneider 1783 [Mata mata]
Chelus fimbriatus Schneider 1783 [Mata mata]
G. Elseya Gray 1867
+
Elseya albagula Thomson et al. 2006 [White-throated snapping turtle]
Elseya branderhorsti Ouwens 1914 [White-bellied snapping turtle]
Elseya dentata Gray 1863 [Northern Australia snapping turtle]
Elseya irwini Cann 1997 [Irwins snapping turtle]
Elseya macrurus Cann and Legler 1994 [Cann's snakeneck turtle]
Elseya nadibajagu Thomson and Mackness 1999
Elseya novaeguineae Meyer 1874 [New Guinea snapping turtle]
Elseya oneiros Joseph-Ouni et al. 2020
Elseya schultzei Vogt 1911 [Schultzes snapping turtle]
Elseya uberrima De Vis 1897
Invalid names: Pelecomastes De Vis 1897 [synonym]
G. Emydura Bonaparte 1836
+
Emydura australis Gray 1841 [Australian bighead turtle]
Emydura krefftii Gray 1871 [Krefft's river turtle]
Emydura macquarii Gray 1831 [Murray River turtle]
Emydura signata Ahl 1932 [Brisbane shortneck turtle]
Emydura subglobosa Krefft 1876 [Redbelly shortneck turtle]
Emydura tanybaraga Cann 1997 [Northern yellow-faced turtle]
Emydura victoriae Gray 1842 [Victoria shortneck turtle]
G. Hydromedusa Wagler 1830
+
Hydromedusa casamayorensis de la Fuente and Bona 2002
Hydromedusa maximiliani Mikan 1820 [Brazilian snakeneck turtle]
Hydromedusa tectifera Cope 1869 [Argentine snake-necked turtle]
+
Invalid names: Platemys antiqua Ameghino 1882 [synonym], Platemys fossilis Ameghino 1882 [synonym], Platemys laevis Ameghino 1882 [synonym], Platemys robusta Ameghino 1882 [synonym]
G. †Mendozachelys de la Fuente et al. 2017
+
Mendozachelys wichmanni de la Fuente et al. 2017
G. Myuchelys Thomson and Georges 2009
+
Myuchelys bellii Gray 1844
Myuchelys georgesi Georges and Adams 1992
Myuchelys latisternum Gray 1867 [Serrated snapping turtle]
Myuchelys purvisi Wells and Wellington 1985
G. Phrynops Wagler 1830
+
Phrynops geoffroanus Schweigger 1812 [side-necked turtle of Geoffroy]
Phrynops hilarii Dumeril and Bibron 1835 [side-necked turtle of Saint Hillaire]
Phrynops paranaensis Wieland 1923
Phrynops tuberosus Peters 1870 [Guianan Shield side-necked turtle]
Phrynops williamsi Rhodin and Mittermeier 1983 [Williams side-necked turtle]
Phrynops zuliae Pritchard and Trebbau 1984 [Zulia toadhead turtle]
Invalid names: Parahydraspis Wieland 1923 [synonym]
G. Platemys Wagner 1830
+
Platemys platycephala Schneider 1792 [Twistneck turtle]
G. †Prochelidella Lapparent de Broin and de la Fuente 2001
+
Prochelidella argentinae Lapparent de Broin and de la Fuente 2001
Prochelidella buitreraensis Maniel et al. 2020
Prochelidella cerrobarcinae de la Fuente et al. 2011
Prochelidella palomoi Maniel et al. 2022
Prochelidella portezuelae de la Fuente 2003
G. Pseudemydura Siebenrock 1901
+
Pseudemydura umbrina Siebenrock 1901 [Western swamp turtle]
G. Rheodytes Legler and Cann 1980
+
Rheodytes devisi Thomson 2000
Rheodytes leukops Legler and Cann 1980 [Fitzroy River turtle]
G. †Rionegrochelys De la Fuente et al. 2017
+
Rionegrochelys caldieroi De la Fuente et al. 2017
G. †Yaminuechelys de la Fuente et al. 2001
+
Yaminuechelys gasparinii de la Fuente et al. 2001
Yaminuechelys maior Staesche 1929
+
Invalid names: Osteopygis sculptus Staesche 1929 [synonym]
Yaminuechelys sulcipeculiaris Oriozabala et al. 2020
Invalid names: Chelydidae Gray 1869 [synonym], Chelymys antiqua De Vis 1897 [nomen dubium], Chelymys arata De Vis 1897 [nomen dubium], Hydraspididae Cope 1868 [synonym], Hydraspis arenarius Rusconi 1934 [nomen dubium], Hydromedusinae Baur 1893 [empty], Naiadochelys patagonica Staesche 1929 [nomen dubium], Pelecomastes ampla De Vis 1897 [nomen dubium], Platemys bergii Ambrosetti 1893 [nomen dubium], Platemys entreriana Ambrosetti 1893 [nomen dubium], Platemys holmbergii Ambrosetti 1893 [nomen dubium], Platemys mesopotamica Ambrosetti 1893 [nomen dubium], Platemys robusta Ambrosetti 1893 [nomen dubium], Platemys torrentium Burmeister 1885 [nomen dubium], Trionyx argentina Ameghino 1889 [nomen dubium]
Unr. Eupleurodira Gaffney and Meylan 1988
+
Invalid names: Bothremydinura Gaffney et al. 2006 [empty], Cheloides Gray 1825 [empty]
Unr. †Panchelidae Joyce et al. 2004
+
G. †Bonapartemys Lapparent de Broin and de la Fuente 2001
+
Bonapartemys bajobarrealis Lapparent de Broin and de la Fuente 2001
G. †Linderochelys de la Fuente et al. 2007
+
Linderochelys rinconensis de la Fuente et al. 2007
G. †Lomalatachelys Lapparent de Broin and de la Fuente 2001
+
Lomalatachelys neuquina Lapparent de Broin and de la Fuente 2001
G. †Palaeophrynops Lapparent de Broin and de la Fuente 2001
+
Palaeophrynops patagonicus Lapparent de Broin and de la Fuente 2001
G. †Salamanchelys Bona 2006
+
Invalid names: Platemys guaranitica Ameghino 1889 [nomen dubium], Platemys patagonica Ameghino 1889 [nomen dubium]
Superfm. †Pelomedusoides Broin 1988
+
G. †Apodichelys Price 1954
+
Apodichelys lucianoi Price 1954
Fm. †Araripemydidae Price 1973
+
G. †Araripemys Price 1973
+
Araripemys barretoi Price 1973
+
Invalid names: Araripemys arturi Fielding et al. 2005 [synonym]
G. †Laganemys Sereno and ElShafie 2013
G. †Taquetochelys Broin 1980
+
Taquetochelys decorata de Broin 1980
+
Invalid names: Laganemys tenerensis Sereno and ElShafie 2013 [synonym]
Unr. †Bothremydidae Baur 1891
+
G. †Arenila Lapparent de Broin and Werner 1998
+
Arenila krebsi Lapparent de Broin and Werner 1998
G. †Atolchelys Romano et al. 2014
+
Atolchelys lepida Romano et al. 2014
G. †Azabbaremys Gaffney et al. 2001
+
Azabbaremys moragjonesi Gaffney et al. 2001
Subfm. †Bothremydinae Gaffney 1975
+
G. †Paiutemys Joyce et al. 2016
Invalid names: Cearachelyodda Gaffney et al. 2006 [empty]
Tr. †Bothremydini Gaffney et al. 2006
+
G. †Algorachelus Pérez-García 2017
Subtr. †Bothremydina Gaffney et al. 2006
Subtr. †Foxemydina Gaffney et al. 2006
G. †Khargachelys AbdelGawad et al. 2023
G. †Palauchelys López-Conde et al. 2021
G. †Puentemys Cadena et al. 2012
Unr. †Bothremydodda Gaffney et al. 2006
+
G. †Abalakemys Pérez-García 2023
G. †Carteremys Williams 1953
+
Carteremys leithii Carter 1852
Tr. †Cearachelyini Gaffney et al. 2006
+
G. †Elkanemys Maniel et al. 2021
G. †Galianemys Gaffney et al. 2002
G. †Cearachelys Gaffney et al. 2001
+
Cearachelys placidoi Gaffney et al. 2001
G. †Chedighaii Gaffney et al. 2006
+
Chedighaii barberi Schmidt 1940
+
Invalid names: Podocnemis alabamae Zangerl 1948 [synonym]
Chedighaii hutchisoni Gaffney et al. 2006
G. †Elochelys Nopsca 1931
+
Elochelys perfecta Nopsca 1931
G. †Inaechelys de Araujo Carvalho et al. 2016
Tr. †Kurmademydini Gaffney et al. 2006
+
G. †Jainemys Joyce and Bandyopadhyay 2020
G. †Kinkonychelys Gaffney et al. 2009
G. †Kurmademys Gaffney et al. 2001
+
Kurmademys kallamedensis Gaffney et al. 2001
G. †Labrostochelys Gaffney et al. 2006
+
Labrostochelys galkini Gaffney et al. 2006
G. †Nigeremys Broin 1977
+
Nigeremys gigantea Bergounoux and Crouzel 1968
Invalid names: Potamochelys Fitzinger 1843 [synonym]
G. †Palemys Gray 1870
+
Palemys bowerbankii Owen 1842
+
Invalid names: Dacochelys delabechei Bell 1849 [synonym], Emys conybearii Owen 1858 [synonym], Emys delabechii Owen and Bell 1849 [synonym], Emys laevis Owen and Bell 1849 [synonym]
Invalid names: Dacochelys Lydekker 1889 [synonym]
G. †Phosphatochelys Gaffney and Tong 2003
+
Phosphatochelys tedfordi Gaffney and Tong 2003
G. †Pleurochayah Adrian et al. 2021
+
Pleurochayah appalachius Adrian et al. 2021
G. †Rhothonemys Gaffney et al. 2006
+
Rhothonemys brinkmani Gaffney et al. 2006
G. †Rosasia Costa 1940
+
Rosasia soutoi Carrington da Costa 1940
Invalid names: Inaechelys pernambucensis de Araujo Carvalho et al. 2016 [nomen dubium]
G. †Sankuchemys Gaffney et al. 2003
+
Sankuchemys sethnai Gaffney et al. 2003
G. †Sindhochelys de Lapparent de Broin et al. 2021
+
Sindhochelys ragei de Lapparent de Broin et al. 2021
Tr. †Taphrosphyini Gaffney et al. 2006
+
G. †Chupacabrachelys Lehman and Wick 2010
G. †Ilatardia Pérez-García 2019
Subtr. †Taphrosphyina Gaffney et al. 2006
Invalid names: Crassachelys Moody 1972 [nomen dubium], Eusarkia Bergounioux 1952 [nomen dubium], Gafsachelys Stefano 1903 [nomen dubium], Nigeremydina Gaffney et al. 2006 [empty]
G. †Taphrosphys Cope 1869
+
Taphrosphys ippolitoi Gaffney et al. 2006
Taphrosphys nodosus Cope 1870
Taphrosphys strenuus Cope 1870
+
Invalid names: Prochonias princeps Cope 1869 [synonym]
Taphrosphys sulcatus Leidy 1856
+
Invalid names: Amblypeza antellius Hay 1908 [synonym], Prochonias longinuchus Cope 1870 [synonym], Taphrosphys enodis Cope 1870 [synonym], Taphrosphys leslianus Cope 1870 [synonym], Taphrosphys molops Cope 1870 [synonym]
Invalid names: Amblypeza Hay 1908 [synonym], Bantuchelys Dollo 1924 [synonym], Prochonias Cope 1869 [synonym]
G. †Ummulisani Gaffney et al. 2006
+
Ummulisani rutgersensis Gaffney et al. 2006
Invalid names: Kurmademydinae Gaffney et al. 2006 [empty], Podocnemis somaliensis Walker 1966 [invalid subgroup]
G. †Caririemys Oliveira and Kellner 2007
+
Caririemys violetae Oliveira and Kellner 2007
G. †Francemys Pérez-García 2019
+
Francemys gadoufaouaensis Pérez-García 2019
G. †Itapecuruemys Batista et al. 2021
+
Itapecuruemys amazonensis Batista et al. 2021
G. †Palaeaspis Gray 1870
+
Palaeaspis bowerbanki Owen 1842
Fm. †Peiropemydidae Gaffney et al. 2011
+
G. †Pricemys Gaffney et al. 2011
+
Pricemys caiera Gaffney et al. 2011
G. †Yuraramirim Ferreira et al. 2018
+
Yuraramirim montealtensis Ferreira et al. 2018
Unr. †Pelomedusera Gaffney et al. 2006
+
Fm. Pelomedusidae Cope 1868
+
G. †Duerochelys Jimenez Fuentes 1975
G. †Latisternon Auffenberg 1981
G. Pelusios Wagler 1830
Invalid names: Eusarkiidae Bergounioux 1952 [synonym], Pelomedusinae Zangerl 1948 [empty], Peltocephalidae Gray 1870 [synonym], Pelusiinae Zangerl 1948 [empty], Sternothaeridae Cope 1868 [synonym]
+
Superfm. †Euraxemydoidea Gaffney et al. 2006
+
Fm. †Euraxemydidae Gaffney et al. 2006
G. †Teneremys Broin 1980
+
Teneremys lapparenti de Broin 1980
Invalid names: Platycheloides nyasae Haughton 1928 [nomen dubium]
Superfm. Podocnemidoidae Cope 1868
+
G. †Amabilis Hermanson et al. 2020
+
Amabilis uchoensis Hermanson et al. 2020
G. †Roxochelys Price 1953
+
Roxochelys vilavilensis de Broin 1971
Roxochelys wanderleyi Price 1953
+
Invalid names: Cambaremys langertoni França and Langer 2005 [synonym]
Invalid names: Roxochelys harrisi Pacheco 1913 [nomen dubium]
Invalid names: Brasilemydidae Lapparent de Broin 2000 [empty]
Superfm. †Podocnemidoidea Gaffney et al. 2006
+
G. †Nostimochelone Georgalis et al. 2013
+
Nostimochelone lampra Georgalis et al. 2013
Fm. Podocnemididae Cope 1868
+
G. †Albertwoodemys Gaffney et al. 2011
+
Albertwoodemys testudinum Gaffney et al. 2011
G. †Bairdemys Gaffney and Wood 2002
+
Bairdemys hartsteini Gaffney and Wood 2002
Bairdemys healeyorum Weems and Knight 2013
Bairdemys miocenica Collins and Lynn 1936
Bairdemys sanchezi Gaffney et al. 2008
Bairdemys thalassica Ferreira et al. 2015
Bairdemys venezuelensis Wood and Diaz 1971
Bairdemys winklerae Gaffney et al. 2008
G. †Bauruemys Suarez 1969
+
Bauruemys elegans Suarez 1969
Invalid names: Bauruemys brasiliensis Staesche 1937 [nomen dubium]
G. †Brontochelys Gaffney et al. 2011
+
Brontochelys gaffneyi Wood 1970
G. †Cambaremys França and Langer 2005
G. †Carbonemys Cadena et al. 2012
+
Carbonemys cofrinii Cadena et al. 2012
G. †Cerrejonemys Cadena et al. 2010
+
Cerrejonemys wayuunaiki Cadena et al. 2010
G. †Cordichelys Gaffney et al. 2011
+
Cordichelys antiqua Andrews 1903
G. †Dacquemys Williams 1954
+
Dacquemys paleomorpha Williams 1954
Subfm. †Erymnochelyinae Broin 1988
+
G. †Andrewsemys Pérez-García 2019
+
Andrewsemys libyca Andrews 1903
G. †Caninemys Meylan et al. 2009
+
Caninemys tridentata Meylan et al. 2009
G. †Eocenochelus Pérez-García et al. 2017
+
Eocenochelus eremberti Broin 1977
Eocenochelus farresi Pérez-García et al. 2017
Eocenochelus lacombianus Pérez-García et al. 2017
Tr. †Erymnochelyini de Broin 1988
+
G. †Apeshemys Perez-Garcia 2021
G. †Mokelemys Pérez-García 2022
G. †Shetwemys Perez-Garcia 2021
G. †Ragechelus de Lapparent de Broin et al. 2020
+
Ragechelus sahelica de Lapparent de Broin et al. 2020
G. †Stupendemys Wood 1976
+
Stupendemys souzai Bocquetin and Melo 2006
G. Erymnochelys Baur 1888
+
G. †Gestemys de la Fuente et al. 2022
+
Gestemys powelli de la Fuente et al. 2022
G. †Hamadachelys Tong and Buffetaut 1996
G. †Kenyemys Wood 1983
+
Kenyemys williamsi Wood 1983
G. †Lapparentemys Gaffney et al. 2011
+
Lapparentemys vilavilensis de Broin 1971
G. †Latentemys Gaffney et al. 2011
+
Latentemys plowdeni Gaffney et al. 2011
G. †Lemurchelys Gaffney et al. 2011
+
Lemurchelys diasphax Gaffney et al. 2011
G. †Mogharemys Gaffney et al. 2011
+
Mogharemys blanckenhorni Dacque 1912
G. †Neochelys Bergounioux 1954
+
Neochelys arenarum Broin 1977
Neochelys bolcensis Bergounioux 1954
Neochelys capellinii De Zigno 1890
Neochelys eocaenica de Stefano 1902
Neochelys franzeni Schleich 1993
Neochelys laurenti Tong 1998
Neochelys liriae Pérez-García and Lapparent de Broin 2013
Neochelys mengaudi Bergounioux 1935
Neochelys nicolisii Zigno 1890
Neochelys salmanticensis Jimenez 1971
+
Invalid names: Duerochelys arribasi Jimenez 1975 [synonym], Podocnemis armuniensis Jimenez 1970 [synonym], Podocnemis entodermica Jimenez 1970 [synonym]
Neochelys zamorensis Jimenez-Fuentes 1992
Invalid names: Polysternum mengaudi Bergounioux 1935 [nomen dubium]
G. †Papoulemys Tong 1998
G. †Peiropemys Gaffney et al. 2011
+
Peiropemys mezzalirai Gaffney et al. 2011
G. Peltocephalus Duméril and Bibron 1835
+
Peltocephalus dumerilianus Schweigger 1812 [Bighead Amazon River turtle]
Peltocephalus maturin Ferreira et al. 2024
Subfm. Podocnemidinae Cope 1868
+
Unr. †Podocnemidodda Gaffney et al. 2011
+
Invalid names: Erymnochelydand Gaffney et al. 2011 [empty], Podocnemidand Gaffney et al. 2011 [empty]
G. Podocnemis Wagler 1830 [river turtle]
+
Podocnemis argentinensis Cattoi and Freiberg 1958
Podocnemis bassleri Williams 1956
Podocnemis brasiliensis Staesche 1937
Podocnemis erythrocephala Spix 1824 [Red-headed river turtle]
Podocnemis expansa Schweigger 1812
Podocnemis geologorum Simpson 1943
Podocnemis harrisi Pacheco 1913
Podocnemis lewyana Dumeril 1852
Podocnemis medemi Wood 1997
Podocnemis negrii Carvalho et al. 2002
Podocnemis pritchardi Wood 1997
Podocnemis stromeri von Reinach 1903
Podocnemis tatacoensis Cadena and Vanegas 2023
Podocnemis unifilis Troschel 1848
Podocnemis vogli Muller 1935
Invalid names: Podocnemis bramlyi Fourtau 1918 [nomen dubium], Podocnemis freibergi Agnolin 2004 [nomen dubium]
G. †Shweboemys Swinton 1939
+
Shweboemys pilgrimi Swinton 1939
Subtr. †Stereogenyina Gaffney et al. 2011
+
Invalid names: Bairdemydita Gaffney et al. 2011 [empty]
Tr. †Stereogenyini Gaffney et al. 2011
+
Unr. †Stereogenyita Gaffney et al. 2011
+
G. †Piramys Prasad 1974
Invalid names: Mogharemydina Gaffney et al. 2011 [empty]
G. †Stereogenys Andrews 1901
+
Stereogenys cromeri Andrews 1901
Invalid names: Stereogenys podocnemoides Reinach 1903 [nomen dubium]
G. †Turkanemys Wood 2003
+
Turkanemys pattersoni Wood 2003
Invalid names: Albertwoodemys Gaffney et al. 2011 [valid], Bairdemys Gaffney and Wood 2002 [valid], Bauruemydinae Gaffney et al. 2011 [empty], Bauruemydinae Gaffney et al. 2011 [empty], Bauruemys Suarez 1969 [valid], Brontochelys Gaffney et al. 2011 [valid], Cambaremys França and Langer 2005 [valid], Carbonemys Cadena et al. 2012 [valid], Cerrejonemys Cadena et al. 2010 [valid], Cordichelys Gaffney et al. 2011 [valid], Dacquemys Williams 1954 [valid], Erymnochelyinae Broin 1988 [valid], Erymnochelys Baur 1888 [valid], Gestemys de la Fuente et al. 2022 [valid], Hamadachelys Tong and Buffetaut 1996 [valid], Kenyemys Wood 1983 [valid], Lapparentemys Gaffney et al. 2011 [valid], Latentemys Gaffney et al. 2011 [valid], Lemurchelys Gaffney et al. 2011 [valid], Mogharemys Gaffney et al. 2011 [valid], Neochelys Bergounioux 1954 [valid], Papoulemys Tong 1998 [valid], Peiropemys Gaffney et al. 2011 [valid], Peltocephalus Duméril and Bibron 1835 [valid], Podocnemidinae Cope 1868 [valid], Podocnemoidea Cope 1868 [empty], Podocnemoidea Cope 1868 [empty], Shweboemys Swinton 1939 [valid], Stereogenyina Gaffney et al. 2011 [valid], Stereogenyini Gaffney et al. 2011 [valid], Stereogenys Andrews 1901 [valid], Turkanemys Wood 2003 [valid]
Unr. †Podocnemidinura Gaffney et al. 2006
+
G. †Brasilemys Lapparent de Broin 2000
G. †Portezueloemys de la Fuente 2003
Unr. †Sahonachelyidae Joyce et al. 2021
+
G. †Sahonachelys Joyce et al. 2021
+
Sahonachelys mailakavava Joyce et al. 2021
G. †Sokatra Gaffney and Krause 2011
+
Sokatra antitra Gaffney and Krause 2011
Invalid names: Chrysemys montolivensis Roman 1897 [invalid subgroup], Naiadochelys Hay 1908 [nomen dubium], Panpodocnemidae Joyce et al. 2004 [empty], Taphrosphys dares Hay 1908 [nomen dubium]
Fm. Podocnemididae Cope 1868
+
G. †Albertwoodemys Gaffney et al. 2011
+
Albertwoodemys testudinum Gaffney et al. 2011
G. †Bairdemys Gaffney and Wood 2002
+
Bairdemys hartsteini Gaffney and Wood 2002
Bairdemys healeyorum Weems and Knight 2013
Bairdemys miocenica Collins and Lynn 1936
Bairdemys sanchezi Gaffney et al. 2008
Bairdemys thalassica Ferreira et al. 2015
Bairdemys venezuelensis Wood and Diaz 1971
Bairdemys winklerae Gaffney et al. 2008
G. †Bauruemys Suarez 1969
+
Bauruemys elegans Suarez 1969
Invalid names: Bauruemys brasiliensis Staesche 1937 [nomen dubium]
G. †Brontochelys Gaffney et al. 2011
+
Brontochelys gaffneyi Wood 1970
G. †Cambaremys França and Langer 2005
G. †Carbonemys Cadena et al. 2012
+
Carbonemys cofrinii Cadena et al. 2012
G. †Cerrejonemys Cadena et al. 2010
+
Cerrejonemys wayuunaiki Cadena et al. 2010
G. †Cordichelys Gaffney et al. 2011
+
Cordichelys antiqua Andrews 1903
G. †Dacquemys Williams 1954
+
Dacquemys paleomorpha Williams 1954
Subfm. †Erymnochelyinae Broin 1988
+
G. †Andrewsemys Pérez-García 2019
+
Andrewsemys libyca Andrews 1903
G. †Caninemys Meylan et al. 2009
+
Caninemys tridentata Meylan et al. 2009
G. †Eocenochelus Pérez-García et al. 2017
+
Eocenochelus eremberti Broin 1977
Eocenochelus farresi Pérez-García et al. 2017
Eocenochelus lacombianus Pérez-García et al. 2017
Tr. †Erymnochelyini de Broin 1988
+
G. †Apeshemys Perez-Garcia 2021
G. †Mokelemys Pérez-García 2022
G. †Shetwemys Perez-Garcia 2021
G. †Ragechelus de Lapparent de Broin et al. 2020
+
Ragechelus sahelica de Lapparent de Broin et al. 2020
G. †Stupendemys Wood 1976
+
Stupendemys souzai Bocquetin and Melo 2006
G. Erymnochelys Baur 1888
+
G. †Gestemys de la Fuente et al. 2022
+
Gestemys powelli de la Fuente et al. 2022
G. †Hamadachelys Tong and Buffetaut 1996
G. †Kenyemys Wood 1983
+
Kenyemys williamsi Wood 1983
G. †Lapparentemys Gaffney et al. 2011
+
Lapparentemys vilavilensis de Broin 1971
G. †Latentemys Gaffney et al. 2011
+
Latentemys plowdeni Gaffney et al. 2011
G. †Lemurchelys Gaffney et al. 2011
+
Lemurchelys diasphax Gaffney et al. 2011
G. †Mogharemys Gaffney et al. 2011
+
Mogharemys blanckenhorni Dacque 1912
G. †Neochelys Bergounioux 1954
+
Neochelys arenarum Broin 1977
Neochelys bolcensis Bergounioux 1954
Neochelys capellinii De Zigno 1890
Neochelys eocaenica de Stefano 1902
Neochelys franzeni Schleich 1993
Neochelys laurenti Tong 1998
Neochelys liriae Pérez-García and Lapparent de Broin 2013
Neochelys mengaudi Bergounioux 1935
Neochelys nicolisii Zigno 1890
Neochelys salmanticensis Jimenez 1971
+
Invalid names: Duerochelys arribasi Jimenez 1975 [synonym], Podocnemis armuniensis Jimenez 1970 [synonym], Podocnemis entodermica Jimenez 1970 [synonym]
Neochelys zamorensis Jimenez-Fuentes 1992
Invalid names: Polysternum mengaudi Bergounioux 1935 [nomen dubium]
G. †Papoulemys Tong 1998
G. †Peiropemys Gaffney et al. 2011
+
Peiropemys mezzalirai Gaffney et al. 2011
G. Peltocephalus Duméril and Bibron 1835
+
Peltocephalus dumerilianus Schweigger 1812 [Bighead Amazon River turtle]
Peltocephalus maturin Ferreira et al. 2024
Subfm. Podocnemidinae Cope 1868
+
Unr. †Podocnemidodda Gaffney et al. 2011
+
Invalid names: Erymnochelydand Gaffney et al. 2011 [empty], Podocnemidand Gaffney et al. 2011 [empty]
G. Podocnemis Wagler 1830 [river turtle]
+
Podocnemis argentinensis Cattoi and Freiberg 1958
Podocnemis bassleri Williams 1956
Podocnemis brasiliensis Staesche 1937
Podocnemis erythrocephala Spix 1824 [Red-headed river turtle]
Podocnemis expansa Schweigger 1812
Podocnemis geologorum Simpson 1943
Podocnemis harrisi Pacheco 1913
Podocnemis lewyana Dumeril 1852
Podocnemis medemi Wood 1997
Podocnemis negrii Carvalho et al. 2002
Podocnemis pritchardi Wood 1997
Podocnemis stromeri von Reinach 1903
Podocnemis tatacoensis Cadena and Vanegas 2023
Podocnemis unifilis Troschel 1848
Podocnemis vogli Muller 1935
Invalid names: Podocnemis bramlyi Fourtau 1918 [nomen dubium], Podocnemis freibergi Agnolin 2004 [nomen dubium]
G. †Shweboemys Swinton 1939
+
Shweboemys pilgrimi Swinton 1939
Subtr. †Stereogenyina Gaffney et al. 2011
+
Invalid names: Bairdemydita Gaffney et al. 2011 [empty]
Tr. †Stereogenyini Gaffney et al. 2011
+
Unr. †Stereogenyita Gaffney et al. 2011
+
G. †Piramys Prasad 1974
Invalid names: Mogharemydina Gaffney et al. 2011 [empty]
G. †Stereogenys Andrews 1901
+
Stereogenys cromeri Andrews 1901
Invalid names: Stereogenys podocnemoides Reinach 1903 [nomen dubium]
G. †Turkanemys Wood 2003
+
Turkanemys pattersoni Wood 2003
Invalid names: Albertwoodemys Gaffney et al. 2011 [valid], Bairdemys Gaffney and Wood 2002 [valid], Bauruemydinae Gaffney et al. 2011 [empty], Bauruemydinae Gaffney et al. 2011 [empty], Bauruemys Suarez 1969 [valid], Brontochelys Gaffney et al. 2011 [valid], Cambaremys França and Langer 2005 [valid], Carbonemys Cadena et al. 2012 [valid], Cerrejonemys Cadena et al. 2010 [valid], Cordichelys Gaffney et al. 2011 [valid], Dacquemys Williams 1954 [valid], Erymnochelyinae Broin 1988 [valid], Erymnochelys Baur 1888 [valid], Gestemys de la Fuente et al. 2022 [valid], Hamadachelys Tong and Buffetaut 1996 [valid], Kenyemys Wood 1983 [valid], Lapparentemys Gaffney et al. 2011 [valid], Latentemys Gaffney et al. 2011 [valid], Lemurchelys Gaffney et al. 2011 [valid], Mogharemys Gaffney et al. 2011 [valid], Neochelys Bergounioux 1954 [valid], Papoulemys Tong 1998 [valid], Peiropemys Gaffney et al. 2011 [valid], Peltocephalus Duméril and Bibron 1835 [valid], Podocnemidinae Cope 1868 [valid], Podocnemoidea Cope 1868 [empty], Podocnemoidea Cope 1868 [empty], Shweboemys Swinton 1939 [valid], Stereogenyina Gaffney et al. 2011 [valid], Stereogenyini Gaffney et al. 2011 [valid], Stereogenys Andrews 1901 [valid], Turkanemys Wood 2003 [valid]
Invalid names: Amphichelydidae Hay [empty], Megapleurodira Gaffney et al. 2006 [empty], Minipleurodira Gaffney et al. 2006 [empty], Notoemydidae Fernandez and de la Fuente 1994 [empty], Panpelomedusoides Joyce et al. 2004 [empty], Platychelira Gaffney et al. 2006 [empty]
Subor. †Proganochelydia
+
+
Invalid names: Triassochelyidae Abel 1919 [synonym]
G. †Tacuarembemys Perea et al. 2014
+
Tacuarembemys kusterae Perea et al. 2014
G. †Triassochelys Jaekel 1918
+
Invalid names: Stegochelys Jaekel 1914 [replaced]
Invalid names: Apertotemporalis Stromer 1934 [nomen dubium], Apholidemys Pomel 1847 [nomen dubium], Casichelydia Gaffney 1975 [empty], Chelone obovata Owen 1842 [nomen dubium], Chelone sopita Leidy 1865 [nomen vanum], Chelonia Latreille 1800 [synonym], Chelonii Latreille 1800 [synonym], Cryptrodiramorpha Lee 1995 [empty], Euclastochelys Bergounioux 1955 [nomen dubium], Euclastochelys interrupta Bergounioux 1955 [nomen dubium], Meiolania damelipi White et al. 2010 [nomen dubium], Platychelone Dollo 1909 [nomen nudum], Platychelone emarginata Dollo 1909 [nomen nudum], Plesiochelydiae [empty], Podocnemis lata Ristori 1895 [invalid subgroup], Senonemys suemegensis Bohn 1966 [nomen dubium], Sokotochelys Halstead 1979 [nomen dubium], Temnoclemmys cordiformis Bergounioux 1958 [nomen vanum], Trionyx fuchienensis Yeh 1974 [nomen dubium], Trionyx tshelkarensis Chkhikvadze 1973 [nomen nudum]
Diagnosis
ReferenceDiagnosis
R. Owen 1860 (Chelonia)Trunk-ribs broad, flat, suturally united, forming with vertebrae and sternum an expanded thoracic abdominal case, into which, as into a portable chamber, the head, tail, and limbs can, usually, be withdrawn. No teeth: external nostril single.
R. Owen 1861 (Chelonia)Trunk-ribs broad, flat, suturally united, forming, with their vertebra, the sternum, and dermal bones, an expanded thoracic-abdominal case, into which the limbs, tail, and, usually, the head, can be withdrawn. No teeth: external nostril single.
E. Perrier 1928 (Chelonia)Corps de forme arrondie, revêlu de plaques cornées ou d'un épais tégument, recouvrant d'autre part une carapace formée d'os dermiques plus ou moins développés, lesquels se soudent à leur tour aux apophyses épineuses des vertèbres, aux côtes et au sternum; ceintures scapulaire et pelviènne demeurant, sans perdre leurs caractères essentiels, à l'intérieur de la carapace. Membres courts, construits pour pousser l'animal plutôt que pour servir à une marche régulière. Pas de dents; mâchoires courtes, revêtues par une gaîne cornée rappelant celle du bec des Oiseaux.