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Paranthodon africanus
Taxonomy
Palaeoscincus africanus was named by Broom (1912). Its type specimen is BMNH 47338, a skull, and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Bushmans River, Woodbury Farm, which is in a Berriasian/Valanginian terrestrial claystone in the Kirkwood Formation of South Africa. It is the type species of Paranthodon.
It was considered a nomen dubium by Maidment (2010); it was recombined as Paranthodon africanus by Coombs (1978), Galton (1981), Galton and Coombs (1981), Bonaparte (1986), Mateer (1987), Galton (1990), Molnar (1992), Olshevsky and Ford (1993), Pereda Suberbiola et al. (2003), Galton and Upchurch (2004), Maidment et al. (2008), Forster et al. (2009), Le Loeuff et al. (2012), Galton and Molnar (2012), Pereda-Suberbiola et al. (2013), Ulansky (2014), Ulansky (2014) and Salisbury et al. (2016).
It was considered a nomen dubium by Maidment (2010); it was recombined as Paranthodon africanus by Coombs (1978), Galton (1981), Galton and Coombs (1981), Bonaparte (1986), Mateer (1987), Galton (1990), Molnar (1992), Olshevsky and Ford (1993), Pereda Suberbiola et al. (2003), Galton and Upchurch (2004), Maidment et al. (2008), Forster et al. (2009), Le Loeuff et al. (2012), Galton and Molnar (2012), Pereda-Suberbiola et al. (2013), Ulansky (2014), Ulansky (2014) and Salisbury et al. (2016).
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1912 | Palaeoscincus africanus Broom p. 25 |
| 1929 | Paranthodon oweni Nopcsa p. 13 |
| 1929 | Paranthodon owenii Nopcsa p. 13 |
| 1964 | Paranthodon oweni Kuhn p. 36 |
| 1964 | Palaeoscincus africanus Kuhn p. 49 |
| 1967 | Paranthodon oweni Charig p. 715 |
| 1976 | Palaeoscincus africanus McLachlan and McMillan p. 202 |
| 1978 | Paranthodon africanus Coombs |
| 1981 | Paranthodon africanus Galton p. 43 |
| 1981 | Paranthodon africanus Galton and Coombs, Jr. p. 304 |
| 1986 | Paranthodon africanus Bonaparte p. 84 |
| 1987 | Paranthodon africanus Mateer p. 141 |
| 1990 | Paranthodon africanus Galton |
| 1992 | Paranthodon africanus Molnar p. 266 |
| 1993 | Paranthodon africanus Olshevsky and Ford |
| 2003 | Paranthodon africanus Pereda Suberbiola et al. p. 147 |
| 2004 | Paranthodon africanus Galton and Upchurch p. 345 |
| 2008 | Paranthodon africanus Maidment et al. pp. 375-376 |
| 2009 | Paranthodon africanus Forster et al. p. 283 |
| 2012 | Paranthodon africanus Galton and Molnar p. 17 |
| 2012 | Paranthodon africanus Le Loeuff et al. p. 489 |
| 2013 | Paranthodon africanus Pereda-Suberbiola et al. p. 74 |
| 2014 | Paranthodon africanus Ulansky p. 5 |
| 2016 | Paranthodon africanus Salisbury et al. p. 127 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
†Paranthodon africanus Broom 1912
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Invalid names: Paranthodon owenii Nopcsa 1929 [synonym]
Diagnosis
| Reference | Diagnosis | |
|---|---|---|
| S. C. R. Maidment et al. 2008 | Differs from all other stegosaurs in possessing a partial bony secondary palate on the maxilla (Fig. 4).
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Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: o = order | |||||
| Reference: Marsh 1875 | |||||
Age range: base of the Berriasian to the top of the Early/Lower Valanginian or 145.00000 to 136.40000 Ma
Collections: one only
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Berriasian - Early/Lower Valanginian | South Africa (Eastern Cape) | Iguanodon sp. (type locality: 45929) |