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Anomodontia

Anomodontia

Taxonomy
Anomodontia was named by Owen (1859).

It was reranked as the suborder Anomodontia by Zittel (1890), Gregory (1910), Nopcsa (1923), Huene (1954), Haughton and Brink (1954), Watson and Romer (1956), Olson (1962), Olson (1966), Kuhn (1971), Barry (1974), Kemp (1982) and Battail and Surkov (2000); it was reranked as the superorder Anomodontia by Osborn (1903), Osborn (1904), Hopson (1999) and Rubidge and Sidor (2001); it was corrected as Anomodontii by Jaekel (1911); it was synonymized subjectively with Theromorpha by Swinton (1934) and Kuhn (1946); it was reranked as the unranked clade Anomodontia by Rybczynski (2000), Angielczyk and Rubidge (2009), Kammerer and Angielczyk (2009), Angielczyk and Rubidge (2010), Kammerer et al. (2011), Fröbisch and Reisz (2011), Kammerer et al. (2013), Olroyd et al. (2017) and Sulej and Niedźwiedzki (2019).

It was assigned to Rhamphosauria by Haeckel (1866); to Theromorpha by Zittel (1890); to Reptilia by Owen (1860), Owen (1861), Cope (1871), Cope (1875), Günther (1886), Woodward (1898) and Hay (1902); to Synapsida by Osborn (1903), Osborn (1903) and Osborn (1904); to Paratheria by Jaekel (1911); to Chainosauria by Nopcsa (1923); to Theromorpha by Gadow (1898) and Perrier (1928); to Elpidosauria by Hay (1930); to Therapsida by Broom (1913), Roxo (1937), Haughton and Brink (1954) and Watson and Romer (1956); to Theriodonta by Olson (1966); to Therapsida by Gregory (1910), Huene (1954), Olson (1962), Kuhn (1971), Barry (1974), Kemp (1982) and Battail and Surkov (2000); to Neotherapsida by Hopson (1999) and Rubidge and Sidor (2001); to Dinomorpha by Ivakhnenko (2003) and Ivakhnenko (2008); and to Therapsida by Rybczynski (2000), Angielczyk and Rubidge (2009), Kammerer and Angielczyk (2009), Angielczyk and Rubidge (2010), Kammerer et al. (2011), Fröbisch and Reisz (2011), Kammerer et al. (2013), Olroyd et al. (2017), Sulej and Niedźwiedzki (2019) and Rubidge et al. (2023).

Synonyms
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1859Anomodontia Owen
1860Anomodontia Owen p. 235
1861Anomodontia Owen p. 255
1866Anomodontia Haeckel p. CXXXVIII
1871Anomodontia Cope p. 235
1875Anomodontia Cope p. 15
1886Anomodontia Günther p. 442
1890Anomodontia Zittel p. 449
1898Anomodontia Gadow p. 18
1898Anomodontia Woodward p. 141
1902Anomodontia Hay p. 430
1903Anomodontia Osborn p. 276
1904Anomodontia Osborn p. 101
1910Anomodontia Gregory p. 464
1911Anomodontii Jaekel p. 189
1913Anomodontia Broom
1923Anomodontia Nopcsa
1928Anomodontia Perrier p. 3118
1930Anomodontia Hay p. 60
1937Anomodontia Roxo p. 43
1954Anomodontia Haughton and Brink p. 5
1954Anomodontia Huene p. 31
1956Anomodontia Watson and Romer p. 76
1962Anomodontia Olson pp. 48, 84, 89
1966Anomodontia Olson p. 302
1971Anomodontia Kuhn p. 22
1974Anomodontia Barry p. 121
1982Anomodontia Kemp p. 348
1997Biseridensidae Li and Cheng pp. 269, 277
1999Anomodontia Hopson p. 1257
2000Anomodontia Battail and Surkov
2000Anomodontia Rybczynski p. 199
2001Biseridensidae Li p. 47
2001Anomodontia Rubidge and Sidor
2003Anomodontia Ivakhnenko
2003Biseridensidae Ivakhnenko
2008Anomodontia Ivakhnenko
2008Biseridensidae Li and Sun p. 380
2009Anomodontia Angielczyk and Rubidge p. 1163
2009Anomodontia Kammerer and Angielczyk p. 1605
2010Anomodontia Angielczyk and Rubidge
2011Anomodontia Fröbisch and Reisz
2011Anomodontia Kammerer et al.
2013Anomodontia Kammerer et al. p. 3
2017Anomodontia Olroyd et al.
2019Anomodontia Sulej and Niedźwiedzki p. S4
2023Anomodontia Rubidge et al. p. 3

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
—Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
RankNameAuthor
—Tetrapoda
—Reptiliomorpha
—Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
—Cotylosauria()
—Amniota
subclassSynapsida
—Therapsida()
orderAnomodontiaOwen 1859
orderAnomodontiaOwen 1859

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Or. †Anomodontia Owen 1859
show all | hide all
Unr. †Anomocephaloidea Cisneros et al. 2011
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G. †Tiarajudens Cisneros et al. 2011
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†Tiarajudens eccentricus Cisneros et al. 2011
G. †Anomocephalus Modesto et al. 1999
+
†Anomocephalus africanus Modesto et al. 1999
G. †Aulacocephalodon Seeley 1898
+
G. †Bainia Broom 1921
G. †Biseridens Li and Cheng 1997
+
†Biseridens qilianicus Li and Cheng 1997
Unr. †Chainosauria Nopcsa 1923
+
G. †Galechirus Broom 1907
+
†Galechirus scholtzi Broom 1907
G. †Galeops Broom 1912
+
†Galeops whaitsi Broom 1912
G. †Galepus Broom 1910
+
†Galepus jouberti Broom 1910
G. †Patranomodon Rubidge and Hopson 1990
+
†Patranomodon nyaphulii Rubidge and Hopson 1990
Fm. †Cryptodontidae Owen 1859
+
G. †Daqingshanodon Zhu 1989
+
Unr. †Geikiidae Nopcsa 1923
+
G. †Bulbasaurus Kammerer and Smith 2017
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†Bulbasaurus phylloxyron Kammerer and Smith 2017
Unr. †Geikiinae Nopcsa 1923
+
G. †Aulacephalodon Seeley 1898
+
†Aulacephalodon bainii Owen 1845
+
Invalid names: Aulacocephalodon cadlei Broom 1948 [synonym], Aulacocephalodon hartzenbergi Broom 1937 [synonym], Aulacocephalodon haughtoni Broom 1921 [synonym], Aulacocephalodon latissimus Broom 1932 [synonym], Aulacocephalodon luckhoffi Broom 1937 [synonym], Aulacocephalodon peavoti Broom 1921 [synonym], Aulacocephalodon pricei Broom and George 1950 [synonym], Aulacocephalodon tigriceps Owen 1855 [synonym], Aulacocephalodon vanderhorsti Broom and George 1950 [synonym], Dicynodon bolorhinoides Watson 1960 [synonym], Dicynodon laticeps Broom 1912 [synonym], Proaulacocephalodon miltoni Toerien 1955 [synonym]
†Aulacephalodon cadlei Broom 1948
Invalid names: Proaulacocephalodon Toerien 1955 [synonym]
G. †Geikia Newton 1893
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†Geikia elginensis Newton 1893
†Geikia locusticeps von Huene 1942
+
Invalid names: Pelanomodon tuberosus von Huene 1942 [synonym]
G. †Idelesaurus Kurkin 2006
+
†Idelesaurus tataricus Kurkin 2006
G. †Odontocyclops Keyser and Cruickshank 1979
+
†Odontocyclops whaitsi Broom 1913
+
Invalid names: Rhachiocephalus dubius Boonstra 1938 [synonym]
Invalid names: Aulacocephalodontinae Toerien 1953 [empty]
G. †Keyseria Kammerer et al. 2011
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†Keyseria benjamini Broom 1948
Unr. †Oudenodontidae Cope 1871
+
G. †Australobarbarus Kurkin 2000
+
G. †Cteniosaurus Broom 1935
G. †Oudenodon Owen 1859
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†Oudenodon bainii Owen 1859
+
Invalid names: Aulacocephalodon milletti Broom 1928 [synonym], Chelyrhynchus lachrymalis Haughton 1917 [synonym], Dicynodon allani Broom 1940 [synonym], Dicynodon andrewsi Broom 1921 [synonym], Dicynodon brachyrhynchus Broom 1948 [synonym], Dicynodon breviceps Haughton 1915 [synonym], Dicynodon corstorphinei Broom and Haughton 1917 [synonym], Dicynodon curtus Broom 1921 [synonym], Dicynodon cyclops Haughton 1917 [synonym], Dicynodon graaffi Broom 1940 [synonym], Dicynodon greyii Owen 1860 [synonym], Dicynodon kolbei Broom 1912 [synonym], Dicynodon lutriceps Broom 1912 [synonym], Dicynodon maccabei Broom 1940 [synonym], Dicynodon marlothi Broili and Schröder 1936 [synonym], Dicynodon megalops Owen 1876 [synonym], Dicynodon moutonae Broom 1948 [synonym], Dicynodon nesemanni Broom 1940 [synonym], Dicynodon prognathus Owen 1860 [synonym], Dicynodon richardi Broom 1940 [synonym], Dicynodon robertsi Broom 1948 [synonym], Dicynodon schwarzi Broom 1919 [synonym], Dicynodon truncatus Broom 1899 [synonym], Dicynodon vanderbyli Broom 1928 [synonym], Dicynodon wellwoodensis Broom 1936 [synonym], Oudenodon bolorhinus Broom 1911 [synonym], Oudenodon brevirostris Owen 1876 [synonym], Oudenodon glaucops Broom 1948 [synonym], Oudenodon halli Watson 1914 [synonym], Oudenodon latirostris Broom 1932 [synonym], Oudenodon luangwanensis Boonstra 1938 [synonym], Oudenodon mustoi Haughton 1915 [synonym], Oudenodon planus Broom 1913 [synonym], Oudenodon platyceps Broom 1913 [synonym], Oudenodon platyfrons Broom 1932 [synonym], Oudenodon robustus Broom 1932 [synonym], Oudenodon wilmanae Broom 1928 [synonym]
†Oudenodon grandis Haughton 1917
†Oudenodon sakamenensis Mazin and King 1991
Invalid names: Chelyrhynchus Haughton 1917 [synonym]
G. †Tropidostoma Seeley 1889
+
†Tropidostoma dubium Owen 1876
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Invalid names: Tropidostoma microtrema Seeley 1889 [synonym]
G. †Pelanomodon Broom 1938
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†Pelanomodon moschops Broom 1913
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Invalid names: Dicynodon sidneyi Broom 1940 [synonym], Dicynodon tylorhinus Broom 1913 [synonym], Pelanomodon halli Broom 1950 [synonym], Pelanomodon rubidgei Broom 1938 [synonym], Propelanomodon devilliersi Toerien 1955 [synonym]
Invalid names: Propelanomodon Toerien 1955 [synonym]
Unr. †Rhachiocephalidae Maisch 2000
+
G. †Kitchinganomodon Maisch 2002
+
+
Invalid names: Platycyclops acutirostris Broom and George 1950 [synonym], Platycyclops pricei Broom and George 1950 [synonym]
G. †Rhachiocephalus Seeley 1898
+
†Rhachiocephalus behemoth Maisch 2005
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Invalid names: Dicynodon scheepersi Broom 1948 [synonym], Eocyclops longus Broom 1913 [synonym], Kitchingia planifrons Broom and George 1950 [synonym], Megacyclops rugosus Haughton 1932 [synonym], Megacyclops usiliensis von Huene 1942 [synonym], Megacyclops whaitsi Broom 1931 [synonym], Neomegacyclops cyclops Boonstra 1953 [synonym], Pelanomodon wesselsi Broom 1948 [synonym], Rhachiocephalus angusticeps Broom 1937 [synonym], Rhachiocephalus haughtoni Broom 1932 [synonym]
Invalid names: Dicynodon tealei Haughton 1932 [nomen dubium]
G. †Diaelurodon Broom 1911
Subor. †Dicynodontia Owen 1859 [dicynodont]
+
G. †Colobodectes Modesto et al. 2003
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†Colobodectes cluveri Modesto et al. 2003
Or. †Dicynodontia Owen 1859 [dicynodont]
+
Unr. †Bidentalia Owen 1876
+
G. †Rastodon Boos et al. 2016
+
†Rastodon procurvidens Boos et al. 2016
Invalid names: Dicynodon rectidens Owen 1876 [nomen dubium]
G. †Brachyprosopus Olson 1937
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†Brachyprosopus broomi Olson 1937
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Invalid names: Chelydontops altidentalis Cluver 1975 [synonym]
Invalid names: Chelydontops Cluver 1975 [synonym]
Fm. †Dicynodontidae Owen 1859
+
Subfm. †Aulacephalodontinae Cluver and King 1983
+
Invalid names: Aulacephalodontini Toerien 1953 [empty], Pelanomodontini Cluver and King 1983 [empty]
Subfm. †Cryptodontinae Owen 1859
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Invalid names: Oudenodontini King 1988 [empty], Pelorocyclopini Van Hoepen 1934 [empty], Tropidostomini Cluver and King 1983 [empty]
Subfm. †Dicynodontinae Owen 1859
+
G. †Fortunodon Kurkin 2012
+
†Fortunodon amalitzkii Kurkin 2012
†Fortunodon trautscholdi Kurkin 2012
G. †Elph Kurkin 1999
+
†Elph borealis Kurkin 1999
G. †Interpresosaurus Kurkin 2001
+
†Interpresosaurus blomi Kurkin 2001
Subfm. †Kannemeyeriinae Huene 1948
+
G. †Calleonasus Kalandadze 1985
G. †Rabidosaurus Kalandadze 1970
+
†Rabidosaurus cristatus Kalandadze 1970
Tr. †Shansiodontini Cox 1965
+
G. †Tetragonias Cruickshank 1967
Invalid names: Kannemeyeriini Lehman 1970 [empty], Lystrosaurini Broom 1903 [empty], Placeriini King 1988 [empty], Sinokannemeyeriini King 1988 [empty], Stahleckeriini Lehman 1961 [empty]
G. †Sagecephalus Jaekel 1911
G. †Striodon Sun 1978
Invalid names: Orophicephalinae Van Hoepen 1934 [empty], Pelorocyclopinae Van Hoepen 1934 [empty]
Unr. †Dicynodontoidea Cluver and King 1983
+
G. †Basilodon Kammerer et al. 2011
+
†Basilodon woodwardi Broom 1913
+
Invalid names: Dicynodon calverleyi Broom 1940 [synonym], Dicynodon microdon Broom 1936 [synonym], Dicynodon weatherbyi Broom 1941 [synonym]
G. †Counillonia Olivier et al. 2019
+
†Counillonia superoculis Olivier et al. 2019
G. †Daptocephalus van Hoepen 1934
+
†Daptocephalus huenei Haughton 1932
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Invalid names: Dicynodon broilii Boonstra 1948 [objective synonym]
+
Invalid names: Daptocephalus osborni Broom 1921 [synonym], Daptocephalus watsoni Broom 1921 [synonym], Dicynodon daptocephaloides Toerien 1955 [synonym], Dicynodon leontocephalus Broom 1950 [synonym], Dicynodon leontops Broom 1913 [synonym], Dicynodon lissops Broom 1913 [synonym]
G. †Delectosaurus Kurkin 2001
+
†Delectosaurus arefjevi Kurkin 2001
G. †Dicynodon Owen 1845
+
†Dicynodon angielczyki Kammerer 2019
†Dicynodon hartzenbergi Broom 1940
†Dicynodon lacerticeps Owen 1845
+
Invalid names: Daptocephalus pardiceps Owen 1876 [synonym], Daptocephalus pardiceps Owen 1876 [synonym], Dicynodon aetorhamphus Broom 1948 [synonym], Dicynodon aetorhamphus Broom 1948 [synonym], Dicynodon cadlei Broom 1940 [synonym], Dicynodon cadlei Broom 1940 [synonym], Dicynodon dutoiti Broom and Schepers 1937 [synonym], Dicynodon dutoiti Broom and Schepers 1937 [synonym], Dicynodon kitchingi Broom 1937 [synonym], Dicynodon kitchingi Broom 1937 [synonym], Dicynodon taylori Broom 1932 [synonym], Dicynodon taylori Broom 1932 [synonym], Dicynodon trigonocephalus Broom 1940 [synonym], Dicynodon trigonocephalus Broom 1940 [synonym]
†Dicynodon lacerticeps Owen 1845
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Invalid names: Daptocephalus pardiceps Owen 1876 [synonym], Daptocephalus pardiceps Owen 1876 [synonym], Dicynodon aetorhamphus Broom 1948 [synonym], Dicynodon aetorhamphus Broom 1948 [synonym], Dicynodon cadlei Broom 1940 [synonym], Dicynodon cadlei Broom 1940 [synonym], Dicynodon dutoiti Broom and Schepers 1937 [synonym], Dicynodon dutoiti Broom and Schepers 1937 [synonym], Dicynodon kitchingi Broom 1937 [synonym], Dicynodon kitchingi Broom 1937 [synonym], Dicynodon taylori Broom 1932 [synonym], Dicynodon taylori Broom 1932 [synonym], Dicynodon trigonocephalus Broom 1940 [synonym], Dicynodon trigonocephalus Broom 1940 [synonym]
†Dicynodon pachyrhynchus Jaekel 1911
Invalid names: Dicynodon cordylus Seeley 1888 [nomen dubium], Eurycarpus Seeley 1889 [synonym], Kingoria grahami Broom 1940 [nomen dubium]
G. †Dinanomodon Broom 1938
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†Dinanomodon gilli Broom 1932
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Invalid names: Dicynodon anneae Broom 1940 [synonym], Dicynodon galecephalus Broom and Robinson 1948 [synonym], Dicynodon macrodon Broom 1940 [synonym], Dinanomodon gigas Broom 1940 [synonym], Dinanomodon rubidgei Broom 1938 [synonym]
G. †Gordonia Newton 1893
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†Gordonia traquairi Newton 1893
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Invalid names: Gordonia duffiana Newton 1893 [synonym], Gordonia huxleyana Newton 1893 [synonym], Gordonia juddiana Newton 1893 [synonym]
G. †Jimusaria Sun 1963
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†Jimusaria monanensis Shi and Liu 2023
†Jimusaria sinkianensis Yuan and Young 1934
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Invalid names: Dicynodon taoshuyuanensis Sun 1973 [synonym]
G. †Kannemeyeria Seeley 1908
+
†Kannemeyeria aganosteus Kammerer and Ordoñez 2021
†Kannemeyeria lophorhinus Renaut et al. 2003
†Kannemeyeria simocephala Weithofer 1888
+
Invalid names: Kannemeyeria latifrons Broom 1899 [synonym], Kannemeyeria wilsoni Broom 1937 [objective synonym], Sagecephalus pachyrhynchus Jaekel 1911 [synonym]
G. †Kunpania Sun 1978
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†Kunpania scopulusa Sun 1978
Fm. †Lystrosauridae Broom 1903
+
G. †Euptychognathus Kammerer et al. 2011
+
G. †Kwazulusaurus Maisch 2002
+
†Kwazulusaurus shakai Maisch 2002
G. †Lystrosaurus Cope 1870
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†Lystrosaurus broomi Young 1939
†Lystrosaurus curvatus Owen 1876
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Invalid names: Lystrosaurus andersoni Broom [synonym], Lystrosaurus jorisseni Van Hoepen 1916 [synonym], Lystrosaurus oviceps Haughton 1915 [synonym], Lystrosaurus platyceps Seeley 1898 [synonym], Lystrosaurus theileri Van Hoepen 1916 [synonym], Lystrosaurus wageri Van Hoepen 1916 [synonym]
†Lystrosaurus declivis Brink 1951
+
Invalid names: Dicynodon (Ptychognathus) latirostris Owen 1860 [synonym], Lystrosaurus primitivus Toerien 1954 [synonym], Lystrosaurus wagneri Van Hoepen 1916 [synonym], Ptychognathus alfredi Owen 1862 [synonym], Ptychognathus declivis Owen 1860 [objective synonym], Ptychognathus depressus Owen 1876 [synonym], Ptychosiagum declivis Lydekker 1890 [objective synonym]
†Lystrosaurus georgi Kalandadze 1975
†Lystrosaurus hedini Young 1935
†Lystrosaurus maccaigi Seeley 1898
+
Invalid names: Lystrosaurus amphibius Brink 1951 [synonym], Lystrosaurus putterilli Van Hoepen 1915 [synonym]
†Lystrosaurus murrayi Huxley 1859
+
Invalid names: Dicynodon (Ptychognathus) verticalis Owen 1860 [synonym], Dicynodon copei Seeley 1889 [synonym], Dicynodon orientalis Huxley 1865 [synonym], Lystrosaurus bothai Broom 1941 [synonym], Lystrosaurus breyeri Van Hoepen 1915 [synonym], Lystrosaurus frontosus Cope 1870 [synonym], Lystrosaurus jeppei Van Hoepen 1916 [synonym], Lystrosaurus rajurkari Tripathi and Satsangi 1963 [synonym], Lystrosaurus rubidgei Broom 1940 [synonym], Prolystrosaurus natalensis Haughton 1917 [synonym], Ptychognathus boopis Owen 1876 [synonym], Ptychosiagum murrayi Lydekker 1890 [synonym]
+
Invalid names: Lystrosaurus latifrons Sun 1973 [synonym]
†Lystrosaurus youngi Sun 1964
Invalid names: Dicynodon seeleyi Broili 1908 [nomen dubium], Lystrosaurus weidenreichi Young 1939 [nomen dubium], Prolystrosaurus Haughton 1917 [synonym], Prolystrosaurus strigops Broom 1913 [nomen dubium], Ptychosiagum Lydekker 1890 [synonym]
G. †Peramodon Kammerer et al. 2011
+
†Peramodon amalitzkii Seeley 1908
G. †Sintocephalus Van Hoepen 1934
+
†Sintocephalus alticeps Broom and Haughton 1913
G. †Syops Kammerer et al. 2011
+
†Syops vanhoepeni Boonstra 1938
+
Invalid names: Dicynodon roberti Boonstra 1938 [synonym]
G. †Taoheodon Liu 2020
+
G. †Turfanodon Sun 1973
+
+
Invalid names: Dicynodon sunanensis Li et al. 2000 [synonym], Striodon magnus Sun 1978 [synonym]
G. †Vivaxosaurus Kalandadze and Kurkin 2000
+
†Vivaxosaurus trautscholdi Amalitzky 1922
+
Invalid names: Gordonia annae Amalitzky 1922 [synonym], Gordonia rossica Amalitzky 1922 [synonym], Oudenodon venyukovi Amalitzky 1922 [synonym], Vivaxosaurus permirus Kalandadze and Kurkin 2000 [synonym]
Invalid names: Dicynodon incisivum Repelin 1923 [nomen dubium], Dicynodon ingens Broom 1907 [nomen dubium], Dicynodon luckhoffi Broom 1937 [nomen dubium], Dicynodon testudiceps Owen 1845 [nomen dubium], Dicynodon venteri Broom 1935 [nomen dubium], Platypodosaurus Owen 1880 [nomen dubium]
Superfm. †Diictodontoidea Cluver and King 1983
+
Fm. †Robertiidae Cluver and King 1983
+
G. †Aulacocephalus Seeley 1898
+
†Aulacocephalus pithecops Seeley 1898
Subfm. †Diictodontinae Cluver and King 1983
+
G. †Diictodontoides Watson 1960
Invalid names: Robertiinae Cluver and King 1983 [empty]
G. †Dolichuranus Keyser 1973
+
†Dolichuranus latirostris Crozier 1970
†Dolichuranus primaevus Keyser 1973
+
Invalid names: Rhopalorhinus etionensis Keyser 1973 [synonym]
Invalid names: Rhopalorhinus Keyser 1973 [synonym]
G. †Dolomitipes Marchetti et al. 2019
+
†Dolomitipes accordii Ceoloni et al. 1988
†Dolomitipes icelsi de Klerk 2002
Infraor. †Dromasaurida Ivakhnenko 2003
+
Fm. †Galeopidae Broom 1912
+
G. †Parasuminia Kurkin 2017
+
†Parasuminia ivakhnenkoi Kurkin 2017
Superfm. †Emydopoidea van Hoepen 1934
+
G. †Compsodon Van Hoepen 1934
+
†Compsodon helmoedi Van Hoepen 1934
G. †Digalodon Broom and Robinson 1948
+
†Digalodon rubidgei Broom and Robinson 1948
Unr. †Emydopidae Cluver and King 1983
+
G. †Palemydops Broom 1921
+
†Palemydops minor Broom 1935
†Palemydops platysoma Broom 1921
†Palemydops rubidgeae Broom 1937
Subfm. †Emydopinae Cluver and King 1983
+
Tr. †Myosaurini Cluver and King 1983
+
G. †Myosauroides Broom 1941
Invalid names: Emydopini Cluver and King 1983 [empty]
G. †Emydops Broom 1912
+
†Emydops arctatus Owen 1876
+
Invalid names: Dicynodon ictinops Broom 1921 [synonym], Emydops brachyops Broom 1905 [synonym], Emydops longus Broom 1921 [synonym], Emydops minimus Broom 1935 [synonym], Emydops minor Broom 1912 [synonym], Emydops parvus Broom 1921 [synonym]
†Emydops haughtoni Janensch 1952
†Emydops oweni Fröbisch and Reisz 2008
Invalid names: Dicynodon megalorhinus Broom 1904 [nomen dubium], Diictodon pseudojouberti Boonstra 1948 [nomen dubium], Emydops platyceps Broom and Haughton 1917 [nomen dubium], Emydopsis Broom 1921 [synonym], Storthyggnathus Janensch 1952 [synonym]
Unr. †Kingoriidae King 1988
+
G. †Dicynodontoides Broom 1940
+
†Dicynodontoides nowacki von Huene 1942
+
Invalid names: Dicynodon clarencei Broom 1950 [synonym], Dicynodontoides parringtoni Broom 1940 [synonym], Kingoria duvenhagei Broom 1948 [synonym], Kingoria gracilis Broom 1901 [synonym], Kingoria howardi Broom 1948 [synonym]
Invalid names: Kingoria Cox 1959 [synonym]
G. †Kombuisia Hotton 1974
+
†Kombuisia antarctica Fröbisch et al. 2010
†Kombuisia frerensis Hotton 1974
G. †Niassodon Castanhinha et al. 2014
+
†Niassodon mfumukasi Castanhinha et al. 2014
G. †Thliptosaurus Kammerer 2019
+
†Thliptosaurus imperforatus Kammerer 2019
Unr. †Kistecephalia Seeley 1894
+
Unr. †Cistecephalidae Broom 1903
+
G. †Cistecephaloides Cluver 1974
G. †Cistecephalus Owen 1876
G. †Kawingasaurus Cox 1972
G. †Kembawacela Angielczyk et al. 2019
G. †Sauroscaptor Kammerer et al. 2016
Invalid names: Myosauridae Kitching 1968 [empty]
G. †Myosaurus Haughton 1917
+
†Myosaurus gracilis Hammer and Cosgriff 1981
Invalid names: Cistecephalinae Broom 1903 [empty]
G. †Emydorhinus Broom 1935
+
†Emydorhinus sciuroides Broom 1921
+
Invalid names: Emydorhinus fragilis Broom 1935 [synonym]
Unr. †Endothiodontia Owen 1876
+
G. †Abajudon Angielczyk et al. 2014
+
†Abajudon kaayai Angielczyk et al. 2014
G. †Cryptocynodon Seeley 1894
+
†Cryptocynodon schroederi Janensch 1952
†Cryptocynodon simus Seeley 1894
G. †Endothiodon Owen 1876
+
+
Invalid names: Endothiodon uniseries Owen [synonym], Endothiodon whaitsi Broom 1912 [synonym], Pachytegos stockleyi Haughton 1932 [synonym]
†Endothiodon tolani Cox and Angielczyk 2015
Invalid names: Pachytegos Haughton 1932 [synonym]
G. †Lanthanostegus Modesto et al. 2003
+
†Lanthanostegus mohoii Modesto et al. 2002
Invalid names: Lanthanocephalus Modesto et al. 2002 [replaced]
G. †Pristerodon Huxley 1868
+
†Pristerodon agilis Broom 1904
†Pristerodon boonstrai Broili and Schroeder 1935
†Pristerodon buffaloensis Toerien 1953
†Pristerodon mackayi Huxley 1868
+
Invalid names: Brachyuraniscus merwevillensis Toerien 1953 [synonym], Brachyuraniscus reuningi Broili and Schröder 1935 [synonym], Cerataelurus mirabilis Broom 1931 [synonym], Dicynodon swierstrai Broom 1940 [synonym], Diictodon pygmaeus Broom and Haughton 1917 [synonym], Emydops kitchingi Toerien 1953 [synonym], Emydops longiceps Broom 1913 [synonym], Emydops microdon Broom 1936 [synonym], Emydops murraysburgensis Toerien 1953 [synonym], Emydops trigoniceps Broom 1904 [synonym], Parringtoniella broomi Toerien 1953 [synonym], Pristerodon microrhynchus von Huene 1931 [synonym], Pristerodon raniceps Owen 1876 [synonym]
†Pristerodon mirus Broom 1935
†Pristerodon oudebergensis Toerien 1953
†Pristerodon platyceps Broom 1937
†Pristerodon vanhoepeni Broili and Schroeder 1935
†Pristerodon whaitsi Broom 1911
Invalid names: Brachyuraniscus Broili and Schroeder 1935 [synonym], Cerataelurus Broom 1931 [synonym], Eumantellia Broom 1935 [synonym], Hueneus Toerien 1953 [synonym], Newtonella Broom 1937 [synonym], Opisthoctenodon Broom 1904 [synonym], Parringtoniella Toerien 1953 [synonym]
Fm. †Endothiodontidae Owen 1876
+
Invalid names: Endothiodontinae Haughton and Brink 1954 [empty], Eumantellinae Haughton and Brink 1954 [empty], Parringtoniellinae Haughton and Brink 1954 [empty]
G. †Eocyclops Broom 1913
G. †Eodicynodon Barry 1974
+
†Eodicynodon oelofseni Rubidge 1990
G. †Heuneus Toerien 1953
G. †Hyorhynchus Seeley 1889
Fm. †Kannemeyeriidae Huene 1948
+
G. †Acratophorus Kammerer and Ordoñez 2021
+
†Acratophorus argentinensis Kammerer and Ordoñez 2021
+
Invalid names: Vinceria argentinensis Bonaparte 1965 [objective synonym], Vinceria vieja Domnanovich and Marsicano 2012 [objective synonym]
G. †Barysoma Cox 1965
G. †Chanaria Cox 1968
G. †Jacheleria Bonaparte 1971
G. †Parakannemeyeria Sun 1960
+
+
Invalid names: Parakannemeyeria xingxianensis Cheng 1980 [synonym]
G. †Rechnisaurus Chowdhury 1970
+
†Rechnisaurus cristarhynchus Chowdhury 1970
Subfm. †Shansiodontinae Cox 1965
+
G. †Parvobestiola Surkov 1999
Subfm. †Sinokannemeyeriinae King 1988
+
G. †Cristonasus Surkov 1999
G. †Nasoplanites Surkov 1999
G. †Planitorostris Surkov 1999
+
G. †Putillosaurus Surkov 2005
+
†Putillosaurus sennikovi Surkov 2005
G. †Rhadiodromus Efremov 1951
+
†Rhadiodromus klimovi Efremov 1940
+
Invalid names: Rhinocerocephalus cisuralensis Vjuschkov 1969 [synonym]
†Rhadiodromus mariae Surkov 2003
Invalid names: Rhinocerocephalus Vjuschkov 1969 [synonym]
G. †Wadiasaurus Chowdhury 1970
+
†Wadiasaurus indicus Chowdhury 1970
G. †Xiyukannemeyeria Liu and Li 2003
+
Or. †Kannemeyeriiformes Huene 1948
+
G. †Angonisaurus Cox and Li 1983
+
†Angonisaurus cruickshanki Cox and Li 1983
G. †Elephantosaurus Vjuschkov 1969
+
G. †Repelinosaurus Olivier et al. 2019
+
†Repelinosaurus robustus Olivier et al. 2019
G. †Woznikella Szczygielski and Sulej 2023
+
†Woznikella triradiata Szczygielski and Sulej 2023
Invalid names: Brachybrachium Williston 1904 [nomen dubium], Brachybrachium brevipes Williston 1904 [nomen dubium], Calleonasus furvus Kalandadze 1985 [nomen dubium], Cristonasus koltaeviensis Surkov 1999 [nomen dubium], Dicynodon tener Huene 1935 [nomen dubium], Dicynodon turpior Huene 1935 [nomen dubium], Elatosaurus facetus Kalandadze 1985 [nomen dubium], Nasoplanites danilovi Surkov 1999 [nomen dubium], Parvobestiola bashkiriensis Surkov 1999 [nomen dubium]
G. †Katumbia Angielczyk 2007
+
†Katumbia parringtoni von Huene 1942
G. †Pentasauropus Ellenberger 1970
+
†Pentasauropus argentinae Lagnaoui et al. 2019
†Pentasauropus incredibilis Ellenberger 1970
+
Invalid names: Pentasauropus erectus Ellenberger 1970 [synonym], Pentasauropus maphutsengi Ellenberger 1970 [synonym], Pentasauropus morobongensis Ellenberger 1970 [synonym], Pentasauropus motlejoi Ellenberger 1970 [synonym], Tetrasauropus gigas Ellenberger 1970 [synonym]
G. †Platycyclops Broom 1932
+
†Platycyclops richardi Broom 1948
Infraor. †Pristerodontia
+
Invalid names: Aulacephalodontidae Toerien 1953 [empty]
Superfm. †Pristerodontoidea Cluver and King 1983
+
Fm. †Pristerodontidae King 1988
+
G. †Eurychororhinus Broili and Schroeder 1935
Subfm. †Pristerodontinae Haughton and Brink 1954
+
G. †Emydorhynchus Broom 1913
G. †Emyduranus Broom 1921
G. †Synostocephalus Broili and Schroeder 1935
G. †Ptychognathus Owen 1860
Unr. †Pylaecephalidae Van Hoepen 1934
+
G. †Diictodon Broom 1913
+
†Diictodon feliceps Owen 1876
+
Invalid names: Dicynodon broomi Broili and Schröder 1937 [synonym], Dicynodon gamkaensis Broom 1937 [synonym], Dicynodon nanus Broom 1936 [synonym], Dicynodon parvidens Owen 1876 [synonym], Diictodon galeops Broom 1913 [synonym], Diictodon grimbeeki Broom 1935 [synonym], Diictodon grossharthi Broili and Schröder 1937 [synonym], Diictodon haughtonianus Huene 1931 [synonym], Diictodon ictidops Broom 1913 [synonym], Diictodon jouberti Broom 1905 [synonym], Diictodon macrorhynchus Broom 1921 [synonym], Diictodon palustris Broom 1913 [synonym], Diictodon psittacops Broom 1912 [synonym], Diictodon rubidgei Broom 1932 [synonym], Diictodon sesoma Watson 1960 [synonym], Diictodon sollasi Broom 1921 [synonym], Diictodon testudirostris Broom and Haughton 1913 [synonym], Diictodon tienshanensis Sun 1973 [synonym], Diictodon vanderhorsti Toerien 1953 [synonym]
Invalid names: Anomodon Keyser 1975 [synonym]
G. †Eosimops Broom 1921
+
†Eosimops newtoni Broom 1921
G. †Prosictodon Angielczyk and Rubidge 2010
+
†Prosictodon dubei Angielczyk and Rubidge 2010
G. †Pylaecephalus Van Hoepen 1934
G. †Robertia Boonstra 1948
+
†Robertia broomiana Boonstra 1948
+
Invalid names: Dicynodon schroederi Toerien 1953 [synonym]
Invalid names: Broilius Toerien 1953 [synonym]
G. †Rhinodicynodon Kalandadze 1970
+
†Rhinodicynodon gracile Kalandadze 1970
Fm. †Shansiodontidae Cox 1965
+
G. †Shansiodon Yeh 1959
+
†Shansiodon wangi Yeh 1959
+
Invalid names: Shansiodon wupuensis Cheng 1980 [synonym]
+
Invalid names: Shansiodon shaanbeiensis Cheng 1980 [synonym]
G. †Vinceria Bonaparte 1969
+
†Vinceria andina Bonaparte 1969
Fm. †Stahleckeriidae Cox 1965
+
Subfm. †Dinodontosaurinae Kalandadze 1973
+
G. †Elatosaurus Kalandadze 1985
G. †Dinodontosaurus Romer 1943
+
†Dinodontosaurus pedroanum Tupi-Caldas 1936
+
Invalid names: Dinodontosaurus oliveirai Romer 1943 [synonym]
Subfm. †Placeriinae King 1988
+
G. †Lisowicia Sulej and Niedźwiedzki 2019
+
†Lisowicia bojani Sulej and Niedźwiedzki 2019
G. †Moghreberia Dutuit 1980
+
†Moghreberia nmachouensis Dutuit 1980
+
Invalid names: Azarifeneria barrati Dutuit 1989 [synonym], Azarifeneria robustus Dutuit 1989 [synonym]
G. †Pentasaurus Kammerer 2018
+
†Pentasaurus goggai Kammerer 2018
G. †Placerias Lucas 1904
+
†Placerias hesternus Lucas 1904
+
Invalid names: Placerias gigas Camp and Welles 1956 [synonym]
Invalid names: Azarifeneria Dutuit 1989 [synonym]
G. †Uralokannemeyeria Danilov 1971
+
+
Invalid names: Edaxosaurus edentatus Kalandadze 1985 [synonym]
Invalid names: Edaxosaurus Kalandadze [synonym]
G. †Zambiasaurus Cox 1969
+
Subfm. †Stahleckeriinae Huene 1935
+
G. †Eubrachiosaurus Williston 1904
+
†Eubrachiosaurus browni Williston 1904
G. †Ischigualastia Cox 1962
+
G. †Jachaleria Bonaparte 1971
+
†Jachaleria candelariensis Araujo and Gonzaga 1980
†Jachaleria colorata Bonaparte 1971
G. †Sangusaurus Cox 1969
+
†Sangusaurus parringtonii Cruickshank 1986
G. †Stahleckeria Huene 1935
+
†Stahleckeria potens Huene 1935
+
Invalid names: Barysoma lenzii Romer and Price 1944 [synonym], Stahleckeria impotens Lucas 2002 [synonym]
G. †Sungeodon Maisch and Matzke 2014
+
†Sungeodon kimkraemerae Maisch and Matzke 2014
G. †Ufudocyclops Kammerer et al. 2019
+
†Ufudocyclops mukanelai Kammerer et al. 2019
Invalid names: Stahleckeriidae Cox 1965 [objective synonym]
G. †Therapsipus Hunt et al. 1993
+
†Therapsipus cumminsi Hunt et al. 1993
Invalid names: Chelyoposaurus Broom 1904 [nomen nudum], Chelyoposaurus williamsi Broom 1904 [nomen nudum], Dicranozygoma Seeley 1900 [nomen dubium], Dicranozygoma leptoscelus Seeley 1900 [nomen dubium], Dicynodon leptorhinus Owen 1876 [nomen dubium], Dicynodontida Ivakhnenko 2003 [empty], Diictodontia [empty], Diictodontidae Kemp 1982 [empty], Dromasauroidea Broom 1907 [empty], Endothiodontoidea Owen 1976 [empty], Eodicynodontia [empty], Eodicynodontidae Barry 1974 [empty], Eodicynodontoidea Cluver and King 1983 [empty], Eumantelliidae Broom 1935 [empty], Eurycarpus oweni Seeley 1889 [nomen dubium], Fukangolepis barbaros Yang 1978 [nomen dubium], Haughtoniana Boonstra 1938 [nomen dubium], Haughtoniana magna Boonstra 1938 [nomen dubium], Kannemeyeroidea Huene 1948 [empty], Kingoridae Kemp 1982 [empty], Kingorioidea Cluver and King 1983 [empty], Koupia Boonstra 1948 [nomen dubium], Koupia koupensis Boonstra 1948 [nomen dubium], Oudenodon strigiceps Owen 1845 [nomen dubium], Taognathus Broom 1911 [nomen nudum], Taognathus megalodon Broom 1911 [nomen nudum], Therochelonia Seeley 1895 [empty], Venjukoviamorpha [empty]
G. †Emydochampsa Broom 1912
G. †Neomegacyclops Boonstra 1953
G. †Prodicynodon Broom 1904
+
Subor. †Ulemicia Ivakhnenko 2003
+
Invalid names: Ulemicidae Ivakhnenko 2003 [empty]
Infraor. †Venyukovioidea Watson and Romer 1956
+
Fm. †Dimacrodontidae Olson and Beerbower 1953
+
G. †Dimacrodon Olson and Beerbower 1953
+
†Dimacrodon hottoni Olson and Beerbower 1953
G. †Otsheria Chudinov 1960
+
†Otsheria netzvetajevi Chudinov 1960
G. †Suminia Ivakhnenko 1994
+
†Suminia getmanovi Ivakhnenko 1994
G. †Ulemica Ivakhnenko 1996
+
†Ulemica efremovi Ivakhnenko 1996
†Ulemica invisa Efremov 1940
G. †Venyukovia Amalitzky 1922
+
†Venyukovia prima Amalitzky 1922
Invalid names: Myctosuchus Efremov 1937 [synonym]
Invalid names: Dromasauridae [empty], Venjukoviidae Efremov 1940 [invalid subgroup]
Invalid names: Biseridensidae Li and Cheng 1997 [invalid subgroup], Dicynodontiformes Hay 1930 [empty], Otsheriidae Tcshudinov 1960 [empty], Therosuchia Seeley 1895 [empty], Venyukovioidea Watson and Romer 1956 [empty]
Diagnosis
ReferenceDiagnosis
R. Owen 1860Teeth wanting, or limited to a single maxillary pair, having the form or proportions of tusks : a "foramen parietale;" two nostrils ; tympanic pedicle fixed ; vertebras biconcave ; trunk-ribs long and curved, the anterior ones with a bifurcate head ; sacrum of more than two vertebrae. Limits ambulatory.
R. Owen 1861Teeth wanting, or limited to a single maxillary pair, having the form or proportions of tusks: a "foramen parietale;" two external nostrils; tympanic pedicle fixed; vertebrae biconcave; trunk-ribs long and curved, the anterior ones with a bifurcate head; sacrum of more than two vertebrae. Limbs ambulatory.
E. Perrier 1928Dents réduites à une paire de fortes canines, ou nulles (peut-être différence sexuelle).
N. N. Rybczynski 2000Therapsids with preorbital lengths of 40% or less of total skull length; mandibular fenestra between dentary and angular; coronoid bone reduced or absent; zygomatic process rod-like and displaced dorsally; homodont dentition; teeth peg-like; dorsal part of quadratojugal expanded transversely; palatine extends further posteriorly than ectopterygoid; no pterygoid teeth.
C. F. Kammerer and K. D. Angielczyk 2009Only three phylogenetic analyses (Modesto et al. 1999; Fröbisch 2007; Fröbisch & Reisz 2008) have included Anomocephalus africanus, the most basal anomodont recognized to date, and we use these papers as sources of autapomorphies for Anomodontia. The most consistently cited autapomorphies of Anomodontia are: (1) serrations absent on marginal teeth; (2) mandibular fenestra present; (3) zygomatic arch bowed dorsally.
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Environment: terrestrialuc
Locomotion: actively mobilec
Diet: herbivoreo
Created: 2009-01-03 20:33:20
Modified: 2009-01-03 22:33:20
Source: o = order, c = class, subp = subphylum, uc = unranked clade
References: Carroll 1988, Hendy et al. 2009, Benton 1983

Age range: base of the Roadian to the top of the Albian or 272.30000 to 100.50000 Ma

Collections (588 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Permian298.9 - 251.902Tanzania (Ruvuma) Abajudon kaayai (188881) Endothiodon indet. (188882)
Permian298.9 - 251.902Zambia Dicynodon angielczyki (227294)
Permian298.9 - 251.902South Africa (Karoo Basin) Diictodon sp. (188672)
Permian298.9 - 251.902Mozambique Dicynodon angielczyki (227295)
Permian298.9 - 251.902South Africa Cistecephalus sp. (189533) Dicynodon sp. (189534) Dicynodontoides sp. (189535) Diictodon sp. (190082)
Kungurian - Roadian279.3 - 268.8USA (Texas) Dimacrodon hottoni (79694) Dimacrodon sp. (85171)
Guadalupian273.01 - 259.51Zambia (Southern) Dicynodontia indet. (171619)
Guadalupian273.01 - 259.51South Africa Anomocephalus africanus (190044)
Guadalupian273.01 - 259.51South Africa (Eastern Cape) Eodicynodon oelofseni, Eodicynodon oosthuizeni (75452)
Guadalupian273.01 - 259.51South Africa (Northern Cape) Eodicynodon oosthuizeni (189033) Prosictodon dubei (188880)

Youngest occurrences
Time interval Ma Country or state PBDB collection number
Norian228.0 - 208.5USA (Colorado) Pentasauropus sp. (55259)
Norian228.0 - 208.5Argentina (San Juan) Jachaleria colorata (105698)
Norian228.0 - 208.5Lesotho (Maseru) Pentasauropus motlejoi (149751)
Norian - Rhaetian228.0 - 201.3USA (Utah) Pentasauropus sp. (83555)
Norian - Rhaetian228.0 - 201.3Poland (Slaskie) Dicynodontia indet., Lisowicia bojani (85500)
Norian - Rhaetian228.0 - 201.3South Africa (Eastern Cape) Pentasaurus goggai (36610)
Norian - Rhaetian228.0 - 201.3Lesotho (Mohale's Hoek) Pentasauropus maphutsengi (56020)
Hettangian - Sinemurian201.3 - 190.8Lesotho (Quthing) Tetrasauropus gigas (56003)
Sinemurian199.3 - 190.8Lesotho (Leribe) Pentasauropus incredibilis (56014)
Aptian - Albian125.0 - 100.5Australia (Queensland) Dicynodontia indet. (93292)