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Dicynodontoidea

Taxonomy

Dicynodontoidea was named by Cluver and King (1983). It is not extant.

It was assigned to Dicynodontida by Ivakhnenko (2003); to Bidentalia by Kammerer and Angielczyk (2009) and Kammerer et al. (2011); to Anomodontia by Rozefelds et al. (2011); and to Dicynodontia by Hancox et al. (2013).

Subtaxa

Basilodon, Counillonia, Daptocephalus, Delectosaurus, Dicynodon (syn. Eurycarpus), Dicynodon incisivum, Dicynodon ingens, Dicynodon luckhoffi, Dicynodon testudiceps, Dicynodon venteri, Dinanomodon, Gordonia, Jimusaria, Kannemeyeria, Lystrosauridae, Peramodon, Sintocephalus, Syops, Turfanodon

View classification of included taxa

Synonyms

Dicynodon luckhoffi was named by Broom (1937). Its type specimen is SAM-PK-K1219, a skull (Now lost), and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Zuurplaats, Suurplaas, Graaff-Reinet (Dicynodon Assemblage Zone), which is in a Wuchiapingian/Changhsingian terrestrial horizon in South Africa.

It was considered a nomen dubium by Brink (1986) and Kammerer et al. (2011).
Dicynodon incisivum was named by Repelin (1923). Its type specimen is Specimen Lost, a partial skull, and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is "Purple Beds", Luang Prabang, which is in a Lopingian terrestrial horizon in Laos.

It was recombined as Lystrosaurus incisivum by Yuan and Young (1934); it was considered a nomen dubium by Battail (2009), Kammerer et al. (2011) and Olivier et al. (2019).
Dicynodon venteri was named by Broom (1935). Its type specimen is TM 199, a skull, and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is New Bethesda Commonage, which is in a Wuchiapingian/Changhsingian terrestrial horizon in the Balfour Formation of South Africa.

It was synonymized subjectively with Diictodon feliceps by Brink (1986); it was considered a nomen dubium by Kammerer et al. (2011).
Dicynodon ingens was named by Broom (1907). Its type specimen is Specimen Lost, a partial skull, and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Ennersdale, which is in a Wuchiapingian/Changhsingian terrestrial horizon in South Africa.

It was recombined as Daptocephalus ingens by Van Hoepen (1934); it was considered a nomen dubium by Kammerer et al. (2011).
Dicynodon testudiceps was named by Owen (1845). Its type specimen is NHMUK 47054, a partial skull, and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Fort Beaufort, which is in a Wuchiapingian/Changhsingian terrestrial horizon in South Africa.

It was considered a nomen dubium by Kammerer et al. (2011).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1845	Dicynodon testudiceps Owen
1907	Dicynodon ingens Broom
1913	Dicynodon ingens Broom
1913	Dicynodon testudiceps Broom
1923	Dicynodon incisivum Repelin
1934	Daptocephalus ingens Van Hoepen
1934	Lystrosaurus incisivum Yuan and Young
1935	Dicynodon venteri Broom
1937	Dicynodon luckhoffi Broom p. 306 fig. 6
1981	Dicynodon testudiceps Cluver and Hotton
1983	Dicynodontoidea Cluver and King
1988	Dicynodon ingens King
1988	Dicynodon testudiceps King
2003	Dicynodontoidea Ivakhnenko
2009	Dicynodontoidea Kammerer and Angielczyk
2011	Dicynodontoidea Kammerer et al.
2011	Dicynodontoidea Rozefelds et al.
2013	Dicynodontoidea Hancox et al. p. 656

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Triploblastica
—	Nephrozoa
—	Deuterostomia
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1847
subphylum	Vertebrata
superclass	Gnathostomata
—	Osteichthyes	()
—	Sarcopterygii
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha	(Nelson 2006)
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha	()
—	Tetrapoda	()
—	Reptiliomorpha

Rank	Name	Author
—	Anthracosauria
—	Batrachosauria	()
—	Cotylosauria	()
—	Amniota
—	Synapsida	()
—	Therapsida	()
—	Anomodontia	(Owen 1859)
—	Chainosauria	()
—	Dicynodontia	(Owen 1859)
—	Bidentalia	()
—	Dicynodontoidea	Cluver and King 1983
—	Dicynodontoidea	Cluver and King 1983

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Diagnosis

Reference	Diagnosis
C. F. Kammerer and K. D. Angielczyk 2009	The autapomorphies of Dicynodontoidea recognized in common by Angielczyk (2007), Fröbisch (2007), and Fröbisch & Reisz (2008) are: 1) labial fossa present; (2) palatal surface of the palatine moderately rugose with pitting suggesting a keratinized covering and flush with the secondary palate.