PBDB

Basic info	Taxonomic history	Classification	Relationships
Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Titanosaurus

Reptilia -

Taxonomy

Titanosaurus was named by Lydekker (1877). It is the type genus of Titanosaurinae, Titanosauroidea.

It was synonymized subjectively with Camarasaurus by Cope (1878); it was considered a nomen dubium by Wilson and Upchurch (2003).

It was assigned to Ornithopsidae by Lydekker (1887); to Dinosauria by Lydekker (1877), Lydekker (1879), Lydekker (1883) and Lydekker (1887); to Morosauridae by Depéret (1900), Gautier (1901), Huene (1908), Huene (1908), Arldt (1909), Huene (1909), von Zittel (1911) and Bataller (1960); to Cetiosauridae by Lydekker (1888), Depéret (1896), Van Den Broeck (1900) and Tatarinov (1964); to Sauropoda by Zittel (1890), Ameghino (1900), Joleaud (1922) and Campbell (1966); to Atlantosauridae by Bonaparte (1978); to Titanosaurinae by Nopcsa (1928), Young (1937), Romer (1956), Bonaparte and Bossi (1967), Steel (1970), Swinton (1970), Russell et al. (1976), Kues et al. (1980), Coombs and Molnar (1981), Sanz (1986), Casanovas et al. (1987) and Bonaparte (1996); to Titanosauridae by Lydekker (1885), Lydekker (1893), Marsh (1895), Marsh (1896), Marsh (1898), Das Gupta (1924), Huene (1927), Huene (1927), Huene (1927), Haughton (1928), Huene (1929), Huene (1929), Stromer (1932), Huene (1933), Swinton (1936), Huene (1941), Hoffet (1942), Gilmore (1946), Romer (1966), Mones (1972), Molnar (1980), Bonaparte and Powell (1980), Bonaparte (1984), Carroll (1988), Lucas and Hunt (1989), McIntosh (1990), McIntosh (1990), Buffetaut (1992), Salgado (1993), Upchurch (1995), Hunt et al. (1995), Jacobs et al. (1996), Chatterjee and Rudra (1996), Loyal et al. (1996), Salgado (1996), McIntosh (1997), Blows (1998), Prasad and Sahni (1999), Salgado and Azpilicueta (2000), Mohabey (2001), Calvo and González Riga (2003) and Powell (2003); and to Lithostrotia by Upchurch et al. (2004) and Otero and Reguero (2013).

Species

T. blanfordi, T. falloti, T. indicus, T. madagascariensis, T. nanus, T. rahioliensis

View classification of included taxa

Synonyms

Titanosaurus rahioliensis was named by Mathur and Srivastava (1987). Its type specimen is GSI 19997-20007. Its type locality is Temple Hill, Rahioli (ss), which is in a Maastrichtian estuary/bay sandstone/conglomerate in the Lameta Formation of India.

It was considered a nomen dubium by Wilson and Upchurch (2003) and Upchurch et al. (2004).
Titanosaurus falloti was named by Hoffet (1942). It is not a trace fossil. Its type locality is Muong Phalane T.1., which is in an Aptian/Albian terrestrial sandstone in the Grès supérieurs Formation of Laos.

It was considered a nomen dubium by Le Loeuff et al. (1993), Allain et al. (1999), Buffetaut et al. (2002) and Upchurch et al. (2004).
Titanosaurus nanus was named by Lydekker (1893). Its type specimen is MLP Ly 18/19, a set of vertebrae (2 associated anterior dorsal and cervical vertebrae), and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Sierra Roca, Río Neuquen, which is in a Santonian terrestrial sandstone in the Bajo de la Carpa Formation of Argentina.

It was synonymized subjectively with Saltasaurus australis by McIntosh (1990); it was synonymized subjectively with Neuquensaurus australis by Upchurch et al. (2004); it was considered a nomen dubium by Powell (1986); it was considered a nomen dubium by Wilson and Upchurch (2003); it was considered a nomen nudum by Powell (2003); it was considered a nomen dubium by Otero and Reguero (2013).
Titanosaurus madagascariensis was named by Depéret (1896). It is not extant. Its type specimen is FSL.

It was recombined as Laplatasaurus madagascariensis by Huene (1927), Huene (1929), Huene and Matley (1933), Anonymous (1933), Lapparent (1957), Steel (1970), Russell et al. (1976), Taquet (1977), Obata and Kanie (1977), Taquet (1984), Sahni (1984), Jain (1989), Mohabey and Udhoji (1996), Mohabey (1996), Sahni (1997), Mohabey (2001) and Mohabey (2005); it was considered a nomen dubium by Wilson and Upchurch (2003); it was considered a nomen dubium by Upchurch et al. (2004) and Curry Rogers (2005).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1877	Titanosaurus Lydekker pp. 38-40
1879	Titanosaurus Lydekker p. 20
1883	Titanosaurus Lydekker p. 86
1885	Titanosaurus Lydekker p. 37
1887	Titanosaurus Lydekker p. 78
1888	Titanosaurus Lydekker p. 134
1890	Titanosaurus Zittel p. 716
1893	Titanosaurus Lydekker p. 3
1893	Titanosaurus nanus Lydekker pp. 8-9 figs. Pl. 3:1, 3
1895	Titanosaurus Marsh
1896	Titanosaurus nanus Ameghino p. 89
1896	Titanosaurus madagascariensis Depéret pp. 181-188 figs. 2, Pl. 4:1-3
1896	Titanosaurus Depéret p. 184
1896	Titanosaurus madagascariensis Depéret p. 485
1896	Titanosaurus Marsh p. 242
1897	Titanosaurus madagascariensis Gautier p. 192
1898	Titanosaurus Marsh p. 158
1900	Titanosaurus Ameghino p. 216
1900	Titanosaurus nanus Ameghino p. 216
1900	Titanosaurus Depéret p. 639
1900	Titanosaurus Van Den Broeck p. 101
1901	Titanosaurus Gautier p. 115
1906	Titanosaurus madagascariensis Lemoine p. 206
1907	Titanosaurus madagascariensis Thevenin p. 13
1908	Titanosaurus madagascariensis Fraas p. 117
1908	Titanosaurus Huene p. 297
1909	Titanosaurus Arldt p. 262
1909	Titanosaurus Huene p. 14
1911	Titanosaurus von Zittel p. 287
1922	Titanosaurus Joleaud p. 61
1924	Titanosaurus Das Gupta p. 164
1927	Titanosaurus Huene p. 126
1927	Laplatasaurus madagascariensis Huene p. 267
1927	Titanosaurus Huene p. 469
1928	Titanosaurus Haughton pp. 72-73
1928	Titanosaurus Nopcsa p. 184
1929	Titanosaurus Huene p. 86
1929	Laplatasaurus madagascariensis Huene p. 91
1929	Titanosaurus Huene p. 495
1932	Titanosaurus madagascariensis Stromer p. 5
1932	Titanosaurus Stromer p. 16
1933	Laplatasaurus madagascariensis Anonymous p. 338
1933	Titanosaurus Huene p. 70
1933	Laplatasaurus madagascariensis Huene and Matley p. 39
1936	Titanosaurus Swinton p. 211
1937	Titanosaurus Young p. 22
1941	Titanosaurus Huene p. 90
1942	Titanosaurus Hoffet p. 53
1942	Titanosaurus falloti Hoffet p. 53 figs. 1-2
1946	Titanosaurus Gilmore p. 30
1956	Titanosaurus Romer p. 622
1957	Laplatasaurus madagascariensis Lapparent p. 110
1957	Titanosaurus madagascariensis Lavocat p. 363
1960	Titanosaurus Bataller p. 159
1963	Titanosaurus madagascariensis Furon p. 362
1964	Titanosaurus Tatarinov p. 545
1966	Titanosaurus Campbell p. 165
1966	Titanosaurus Romer p. 370
1967	Titanosaurus Bonaparte and Bossi p. 38
1970	Laplatasaurus madagascariensis Steel p. 76
1970	Titanosaurus Steel p. 77
1970	Titanosaurus nanus Steel p. 77
1970	Titanosaurus Swinton p. 183
1972	Titanosaurus Mones p. 29
1976	Laplatasaurus madagascariensis Russell et al.
1976	Titanosaurus Russell et al.
1977	Laplatasaurus madagascariensis Obata and Kanie p. 162
1977	Laplatasaurus madagascariensis Taquet p. 328
1978	Titanosaurus Bonaparte p. 555
1980	Titanosaurus Bonaparte and Powell p. 26
1980	Titanosaurus Kues et al. p. 867
1980	Titanosaurus Molnar p. 137
1981	Titanosaurus Coombs, Jr. and Molnar p. 356
1984	Titanosaurus Bonaparte p. 139
1984	Laplatasaurus madagascariensis Sahni p. 442
1984	Laplatasaurus madagascariensis Taquet p. 79
1986	Titanosaurus Sanz p. 85
1987	Titanosaurus Casanovas et al. p. 100
1987	Titanosaurus rahioliensis Mathur and Srivastava p. 564 figs. 3-8
1988	Titanosaurus Carroll
1989	Laplatasaurus madagascariensis Jain p. 101
1989	Titanosaurus Lucas and Hunt p. 82
1990	Titanosaurus McIntosh p. 57
1990	Titanosaurus madagascariensis McIntosh p. 350
1990	Titanosaurus McIntosh pp. 394-395
1990	Titanosaurus falloti McIntosh p. 395
1992	Titanosaurus Buffetaut p. 133
1992	Titanosaurus madagascariensis Casanovas Cladellas p. 148
1993	Titanosaurus Salgado p. 267
1995	Titanosaurus Hunt et al. pp. 265-266
1995	Titanosaurus Upchurch p. 380
1996	Titanosaurus Bonaparte p. 103
1996	Titanosaurus nanus Bonaparte p. 103
1996	Titanosaurus Chatterjee and Rudra p. 514
1996	Titanosaurus Jacobs et al. p. 600
1996	Titanosaurus Loyal et al. p. 629
1996	Laplatasaurus madagascariensis Mohabey p. 367
1996	Laplatasaurus madagascariensis Mohabey and Udhoji p. 354
1996	Titanosaurus Salgado p. 358
1997	Titanosaurus madagascariensis Currie and Padian p. 369
1997	Titanosaurus McIntosh p. 658
1997	Laplatasaurus madagascariensis Sahni p. 364
1998	Titanosaurus Blows p. 34
1999	Titanosaurus Prasad and Sahni p. 379
1999	Titanosaurus madagascariensis Prasad and Sahni p. 379
2000	Titanosaurus Salgado and Azpilicueta p. 259
2001	Laplatasaurus madagascariensis Mohabey p. 482
2001	Titanosaurus Mohabey p. 482
2003	Titanosaurus Calvo and González Riga fig. 4
2003	Titanosaurus Powell p. 22
2003	Titanosaurus madagascariensis Salgado p. 442
2004	Titanosaurus Upchurch et al. p. 270
2005	Laplatasaurus madagascariensis Mohabey p. 469
2007	Titanosaurus madagascariensis Malkani
2013	Titanosaurus Otero and Reguero p. 9

Is something missing? Join the Paleobiology Database and enter the data

Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Triploblastica
—	Nephrozoa
—	Deuterostomia
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1847
subphylum	Vertebrata
superclass	Gnathostomata
—	Osteichthyes	()
—	Sarcopterygii
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha	(Nelson 2006)
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha	()
—	Tetrapoda	()
—	Reptiliomorpha
—	Anthracosauria
—	Batrachosauria	()
—	Cotylosauria	()
—	Amniota
—	Sauropsida
class	Reptilia
subclass	Eureptilia	()
—	Romeriida
—	Diapsida	()
—	Eosuchia	()
—	Neodiapsida
—	Sauria	Gauthier 1984

Rank	Name	Author
—	Archosauromorpha	(Huene 1946)
—	Crocopoda
—	Archosauriformes	Gauthier 1986
—	Eucrocopoda
—	Archosauria	()
informal	Avemetatarsalia
—	Ornithodira
—	Dinosauromorpha
—	Dinosauriformes
—	Dinosauria	()
—	Saurischia	()
—	Eusaurischia
—	Sauropodomorpha	(Huene 1932)
—	Massopoda
—	Sauropodiformes
—	Sauropoda	()
—	Eusauropoda
—	Neosauropoda
—	Macronaria
—	Titanosauriformes
—	Somphospondyli
—	Titanosauria
—	Eutitanosauria	Sanz et al. 1999
—	Lithostrotia
genus	Titanosaurus

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available