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Loxonematidae

Gastropoda - Murchisoniina - Loxonematidae

Synonyms
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1889Loxonematidae Koken
1896Holopellidae Koken
1909Loxonematidae Cossmann
1953Loxonematidae Horný
1960Loxonematidae Knight et al. p. 311
1975Loxonematidae Golikov and Starobogatov p. 214
1975Loxonematidae Peel
1988Loxonematidae Ponder and Warén p. 292
2005Loxonematidae Bouchet et al. p. 242

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
Bilateria
EubilateriaAx 1987
Protostomia
Spiralia
superphylumLophotrochozoa
phylumMollusca
RankNameAuthor
classGastropoda
subclassOrthogastropoda
orderMurchisoniina
superfamilyLoxonematoidea(Koken 1889)
familyLoxonematidae
familyLoxonematidae

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Fm. †Loxonematidae Koken 1889
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G. †Aulacostrepsis Perner 1907
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Aulacostrepsis simplex Perner 1907
G. †Australoxa Cook and Camilleri 1997
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Australoxa anglica d'Orbigny 1850
Australoxa tasselli Cook and Camilleri 1997
G. †Clathronema Blodgett 1992
+
Clathronema batteni Blodgett and Johnson 1992
Clathronema cancellata Cleland 1911
Clathronema cancellata Goldfuss 1844
Clathronema cingulata Whiteaves 1892
Clathronema cloughi Blodgett 1992
Clathronema reticulata Phillips 1841
Clathronema striatus d'Eichwald 1860
G. †Cookiloxa Frýda 2000
+
Cookiloxa amleri Heidelberger 2001
Cookiloxa leunisseni Heidelberger 2007
Cookiloxa pulchra Frýda 2000
G. †Heideckernema Cook 1998
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G. †Katoptychia Perner 1907
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Katoptychia alba Perner 1907
Katoptychia fugitiva Perner 1907
Katoptychia hallii Whidborne 1896
Katoptychia holynensis Frýda and Bandel 1997
G. †Loxonema Phillips 1841
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Loxonema acicularis Roemer 1855
Loxonema annae Kittl 1894
Loxonema approximatum Walcott 1884
Loxonema arpadis Kittl 1900
Loxonema australis Chapman 1916
Loxonema bellona Hall 1876
Loxonema benevolum Perner 1907
Loxonema beraunense Perner 1903
Loxonema bertiense Ruedemann 1925
Loxonema binodosa von Wöhrmann 1889
Loxonema bongardia Heidelberger 2001
Loxonema boydii Hall 1843
Loxonema broeggeri Koken and Perner 1925
Loxonema carinatum Kirchner 1915
Loxonema coapta Hall 1876
Loxonema constans Böhm 1895
Loxonema contrictum Böhm 1895
Loxonema cornubicum Longstaff 1909
Loxonema cortii Kittl 1899
Loxonema costulatum Perner 1907
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Invalid names: Loxonema libens Perner 1907 [synonym]
Loxonema crispa Lindström 1884
Loxonema crucianum Kittl 1899
Loxonema cylindricum Dietz 1911
Loxonema dalecarlicum Angelin and Lindström 1880
Loxonema danai Clarke 1904
Loxonema debile Perner 1903
Loxonema delicatula Wilson 1938
Loxonema deornatum de Koninck 1881
Loxonema derelictum Perner 1903
Loxonema eucycloides Kittl 1900
Loxonema eurekensis Walcott 1884
Loxonema fasciatum Lindström 1884
Loxonema fasciatum King 1848
Loxonema fecundum de Koninck 1881
Loxonema fitchi Hall 1859
Loxonema fragillima Perner 1907
Loxonema fusca Koken 1900
Loxonema grayianum Longstaff 1909
Loxonema gregaria Knod 1908
Loxonema gregarium de Sowerby and Murchison 1839
Loxonema grignense Kittl 1899
Loxonema haueri Klipstein 1843
Loxonema heteromorphum Gemmellaro 1889
Loxonema hibernicum Longstaff 1909
Loxonema highlandense Clarke 1909
Loxonema hydraulica Hall and Whitfield 1872
Loxonema inclytum Perner 1907
Loxonema inexpectatum Perner 1903
Loxonema infrasilurica Koken and Perner 1925
Loxonema insociale Kittl 1894
+
Invalid names: Loxonema sturi Böhm 1895 [synonym]
Loxonema intumescens Lindström 1884
Loxonema invariabile Kittl 1894
Loxonema johannisboehmi Philippi 1898
Loxonema kayseri Holzapfel 1895
Loxonema kobelli Klipstein 1843
Loxonema kokeni Kittl 1894
Loxonema laeve Römer 1850
Loxonema leda Hall 1868
Loxonema ledburiense Longstaff 1909
Loxonema leviusulcum de Koninck 1881
Loxonema lindstroemi Longstaff 1909
Loxonema magnum Whitfield 1878
Loxonema medium Dietz 1911
Loxonema megaspirae Karczewski 1989
Loxonema modestum Kittl 1900
Loxonema murrayana Salter 1859
Loxonema neptunis Kittl 1894
Loxonema nitida Longstaff 1924
Loxonema nobile Walcott 1884
Loxonema obsoleta de Sowerby and Murchison 1839
Loxonema pagoda Koken 1900
Loxonema parvula Perner 1903
Loxonema paucicostatum Kirchner 1915
Loxonema perlonga Perner 1907
Loxonema perneri Longstaff 1909
Loxonema perneri dudleyense Longstaff 1909
Loxonema philipii Gruber 1932
Loxonema phillipsi Howse 1848
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Invalid names: Loxonema geinitziana King 1848 [synonym], Turritella tunstallensis Howse 1848 [synonym]
Loxonema pikensis Hyde 1953
Loxonema planatum Longstaff 1909
Loxonema plasi Horný 1953
Loxonema plicatissimum Gemmellaro 1889
Loxonema pollens Perner 1903
Loxonema polonica Gürich 1896
Loxonema postremum Hall 1883
Loxonema praecedens Perner 1903
Loxonema praeteritum Longstaff 1909
Loxonema propinquum Perner 1907
Loxonema pseudofasciatum Donald 1905
Loxonema pseudomorphum Gemmellaro 1889
Loxonema pupoideum Gemmellaro 1889
Loxonema rarecostatum Böhm 1895
Loxonema rectangulare Spitz 1907
Loxonema reedi Longstaff 1909
Loxonema renellaeformis Römer 1843
Loxonema retusum Dietz 1911
Loxonema rude Perner 1903
Loxonema rugosum Billings 1857
Loxonema scalarioideum Phillips 1836
Loxonema sellai Kittl 1899
Loxonema septentrionale Koken and Perner 1925
Loxonema sinuosum de Sowerby and Murchison 1839
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Invalid names: Loxonema acuminatum Perner 1907 [synonym]
Loxonema solida Hall 1859
Loxonema solvens Perner 1907
Loxonema spurium de Koninck 1881
Loxonema strangulatum Lindström 1884
Loxonema stylum Tolmachoff 1930
Loxonema subangulatum Öpik 1953
Loxonema subanthophylloides Krumbeck 1913
Loxonema subattenuata Hall 1859
Loxonema subconvexa Yü 1961
Loxonema subulata Römer 1843
Loxonema subvariabile Kittl 1899
Loxonema torquatum Perner 1907
Loxonema turritelliformis Klipstein 1843
Loxonema tzwetaevi Gemmellaro 1889
Loxonema vagrans Wilson 1938
Loxonema varicosum Gemmellaro 1889
Loxonema variscoiformis Krumbeck 1924
Loxonema walcotti Blodgett and Johnson 1992
Loxonema wetzlariana Heidelberger 2001
Loxonema winnipegense Whiteaves 1893
Invalid names: Loxonema inconspicuum Girty 1908 [nomen dubium]
G. †Nodoloxonema Blodgett et al. 1999
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Nodoloxonema ingens Frech 1894
Nodoloxonema plusquelleci Blodgett et al. 1999
Nodoloxonema ruginosum de Koninck 1881
Subfm. †Omospirinae Wenz 1938
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G. †Omospira Ulrich and Scofield 1897
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Omospira alexandra Billings 1865
Omospira holtedahli Yochelson 1963
Omospira laticincta Ulrich and Scofield 1897
Omospira trentonensis Ulrich and Scofield 1897
+
G. †Rhabdostropha Donald 1905
+
Rhabdostropha cancellata de Sowerby and Murchison 1839
Rhabdostropha grindrodii Donald 1905
Rhabdostropha latisinuata Longstaff 1924
Rhabdostropha leijiatunensis Xi and Yu 1990
Rhabdostropha minuta Lindström 1884
Rhabdostropha obscura Donald 1902
Rhabdostropha primitiva Longstaff 1924
Rhabdostropha stokei Longstaff 1909
Invalid names: Kjerulfonema Peel and Yochelson 1976 [synonym]
G. †Spiroecus Longstaff 1924
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Spiroecus excavata Longstaff 1924
Spiroecus girvanensis Longstaff 1924
Spiroecus nidhoeggi McNamara 1978
Invalid names: Girvania Longstaff 1924 [synonym]
G. †Perneratia Mawson et al. 2002
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Perneratia aristerospira Mawson et al. 2002
G. †Stylonema Perner 1907
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Stylonema absoluta Goldfuss 1844
Stylonema arachne Perner 1907
Stylonema calva Dahmer 1925
Stylonema commutatum Perner 1907
Stylonema dilatata Spitz 1907
Stylonema domesticum Perner 1907
Stylonema domina Perner 1903
Stylonema hennahiana Sedgwick and Murchison 1840
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Invalid names: Stylonema costata Sandberger and Sandberger 1853 [synonym], Stylonema tenuireticulata Whidborne 1891 [synonym]
Stylonema innotatum Perner 1907
Stylonema mater Perner 1907
Stylonema modestum Perner 1907
Stylonema oppositum Perner 1907
Stylonema parvula Frýda and Bandel 1997
Stylonema peramplum Perner 1907
Stylonema placidum Perner 1907
Stylonema potens Perner 1907
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Invalid names: Stylonema coalescens Perner 1907 [synonym]
Stylonema rennoni Heidelberger 2001
Stylonema robusta Hall 1859
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Invalid names: Stylonema teres Hall 1876 [synonym]
Stylonema solitarium Perner 1907
Stylonema styloideum Perner 1907
Stylonema transiens Perner 1907
Stylonema trochleatum Münster 1840
G. †Tyrsoecus
+
+
Invalid names: Coronaria Koken 1892 [replaced]
Subg. †Tyrsoecus (Tyrsoecus) Kittl 1892
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Invalid names: Tyrsoecus moniliformis Bonarelli 1921 [synonym], Tyrsoecus perarmatus Bonarelli 1921 [synonym]
Tyrsoecus multinodosa Yin and Yochelson 1983
Invalid names: Holopellidae Koken 1896 [synonym]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: aragoniteo
Locomotion: facultatively mobilef
Life habit: epifaunalf
Diet: suspension feederf
Vision: limitedo
Comments: LIFE HISTORY: Surficial, fac.-motile unattached, suspension feeding according to Bambach et al (2007).f
Created: 2009-09-21 10:40:43
Modified: 2009-09-21 12:40:43
Source: f = family, o = order
Reference: Bambach et al. 2007

Age range: base of the Tremadoc to the top of the Norian or 485.40000 to 208.50000 Ma

Collections (541 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Tremadoc - Floian485.4 - 470.0USA (Utah) Loxonema sp. (154882)
Middle Ordovician - Late/Upper Ordovician470.0 - 443.4Canada (Nunavut) Loxonema sp. (24241)
Costonian - Harnagian460.9 - 455.8China (ShanXi) Loxonema sp. (8009)
Keila - Oandu460.9 - 452.0Sweden (Dalarna) Loxonema dalecarlicum (155566)
Berounian460.9 - 449.5Czech Republic Loxonema parvula (154463)
Blackriveran460.9 - 449.5Canada (Quebec) Hormotoma trentonensis, Loxonema murrayana, Omospira alexandra (63816)
Blackriveran460.9 - 449.5USA (Minnesota) Omospira laticincta (23555)
Blackriveran460.9 - 449.5USA (Illinois, Iowa) Omospira laticincta (23612)
Caradocian460.9 - 449.5Canada (Ontario) Hormotoma trentonensis, Omospira alexandra (26276)
Caradocian460.9 - 449.5USA (Virginia) Omospira laticincta (34214 34215 34216 34217 34218 34277 34279 34281 34324 34326 34327 34328)

Youngest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state PBDB collection number
Tuvalian - Lacian232.0 - 215.56China (Sichuan) Loxonema sp. (25406)
Norian228.0 - 208.5Indonesia (Timor) Loxonema fusca (205283)
Norian228.0 - 208.5Peru Tyrsoecus andinus, Tyrsoecus obtusus (68124)
Norian228.0 - 208.5Mexico (Sonora) Tyrsoecus sp. (39172)
Norian228.0 - 208.5Hungary Stephanocosmia dolomitica (73263 73270)
Norian228.0 - 208.5Colombia (Tolima) Loxonema sp. (101066)
Norian - Rhaetian228.0 - 201.3Hungary (Bakony) Stephanocosmia dolomitica (203274)
Lacian221.5 - 215.56Indonesia (Maluku) Loxonema sp. (204487) Loxonema subanthophylloides (204489)
Sevatian212.0 - 205.6USA (Idaho) Stephanocosmia sp. (38377)
Sevatian212.0 - 205.6Hungary Loxonema sp. (204765)