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Morphology | Ecology and taphonomy | External Literature Search | Age range and collections |
Ornithodira (ornithodiran)
Taxonomy
Ornithodira was named by Gauthier (1986). It is extant. It was considered monophyletic by Nesbitt (2011).
It was assigned to Ornithosuchia by Gauthier (1986) and Benton (1990); to Archosauria by Sereno and Arcucci (1990) and Sereno (1991); to Avemetatarsalia by Nesbitt (2011); and to Archosauria by Parrish (1993), Long and Murry (1995), Nesbitt et al. (2010) and Novas et al. (2011).
It was assigned to Ornithosuchia by Gauthier (1986) and Benton (1990); to Archosauria by Sereno and Arcucci (1990) and Sereno (1991); to Avemetatarsalia by Nesbitt (2011); and to Archosauria by Parrish (1993), Long and Murry (1995), Nesbitt et al. (2010) and Novas et al. (2011).
Subtaxa
Synonymy list
Year | Name and author |
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1986 | Ornithodira Gauthier p. 54 fig. 8 |
1990 | Ornithodira Benton p. 13 |
1990 | Ornithodira Sereno and Arcucci p. 39 fig. 7 |
1991 | Ornithodira Sereno p. 27 |
1993 | Ornithodira Parrish p. 290 fig. 1 |
1995 | Ornithodira Long and Murry p. 171 |
2010 | Ornithodira Nesbitt et al. p. 95 |
2011 | Ornithodira Nesbitt p. 206 fig. 52 |
2011 | Ornithodira Novas et al. p. 335 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Unr. Ornithodira Gauthier 1986 [ornithodiran]
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Unr. Dinosauromorpha Benton 1985
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Unr. Dinosauriformes Novas 1992
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Unr. Dinosauria Owen 1842 [dinosaur]
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G. †Ancistrodon Huxley 1865 [cottonmouth]
Fm. †Dictyoolithidae Zhao 1994
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G. †Dictyoolithus Zhao 1994
G. †Paradictyoolithus Wang et al. 2012
G. †Protodictyoolithus Wang et al. 2012
Fm. †Dongyangoolithidae Zhang et al. 2019
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G. †Dongyangoolithus Jin 2008
G. †Multifissoolithus Zhang et al. 2019
Fm. †Fusioolithidae Fernández and Khosla 2015
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G. †Nyasasaurus Charig 1967
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†Nyasasaurus cromptoni Charig 1967
†Nyasasaurus parringtoni Nesbitt et al. 2013
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Invalid names: Thecodontosaurus alophos Haughton 1932 [synonym]
G. †Plectropterna Hitchcock 1845
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†Plectropterna angusta Hitchcock 1858
†Plectropterna elegans Hitchcock 1889
†Plectropterna gracilis Hitchcock 1858
†Plectropterna lineans Hitchcock 1858
†Plectropterna minitans Hitchcock 1837
Invalid names: Tarsoplectrus Lull 1904 [synonym]
Fm. †Prismatoolithidae Hirsch 1994
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G. †Laiyangoolithus Wang et al. 2018
G. †Preprismatoolithus Zelenitsky and Hills 1996
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Invalid names: Prismatoolithus Hirsch 1994 [replaced]
G. †Prismatoolithus Zhao and Li 1993
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Invalid names: Prismatoolithus Vianey-Liaud and Crochet 1994 [synonym]
G. †Protoceratopsidovum Mikhailov 1994
G. †Sankofa López-Martínez and Vicens 2012
G. †Spheruprismatoolithus Bray 1999
G. †Trigonoolithus Moreno-Azanza et al. 2014
Unr. Saurischia Seeley 1888 [saurischian]
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G. †Anatopus Lapparent and Montenat 1967
G. †Anticheiropus Hitchcock 1865
G. †Avalonianus Kuhn 1961
G. †Coelurosaurichnus Huene 1941
G. †Deuterotetrapous Nopcsa 1923
Unr. Eusaurischia Padian et al. 1999
G. †Nhandumirim Marsola et al. 2019
Subor. †Palaeopoda Colbert 1964
G. †Platypterna Hitchcock 1845
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Invalid names: Calopus Hitchcock 1845 [synonym], Harpedactylus Hitchcock 1845 [synonym]
G. †Plesiornis Hitchcock 1858
G. †Saurichnium Gürich 1926
G. †Saurischichnus Huene 1941
G. †Trihamus Hitchcock 1862
G. †Trimabus Hitchcock 1865
Invalid names: Aristosuchia Seeley 1892 [empty], Pachypodes Meyer 1845 [synonym], Pachypodosauria Huene 1914 [empty], Pachypodosauroidea Nopcsa 1928 [empty], Streptospondylus recentior Owen 1851 [nomen dubium], Thecospondylus Seeley 1882 [nomen dubium]
Fm. †Stalicoolithidae Wang et al. 2012
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G. †Coralloidoolithus Wang et al. 2012
G. †Shixingoolithus Zhao et al. 1991
G. †Stalicoolithus Wang et al. 2012
Invalid names: Astrodon pusillus Lapparent and Zbyszewski 1957 [nomen dubium], Carnosauriformes Cooper 1985 [empty], Diplodocia Tornier 1913 [empty], Dystrophaeidae Huene 1904 [empty], Eudinosauria Novas 1992 [synonym], Gigantosauropus Mensink and Mertmann 1984 [nomen dubium], Harpagosauria Haeckel 1866 [empty], Herreravia Paul 1988 [empty], Huanglongpus Yang and Yang 1987 [nomen dubium], Iguanodonichnus Casamiquela and Fasola 1968 [nomen dubium], Megalosauridae Fitzinger 1843 [empty], Mirsosauropus Dzhailov and Novikov 1993 [nomen dubium], Neosauropus Antunes 1976 [nomen dubium], Omosaurus phillipsi Seeley 1869 [nomen dubium], Ornithischiformes Cooper 1985 [empty], Ornithoscelida Huxley 1870 [synonym], Phytodinosauria Bakker 1986 [empty], Phytophagi Jaekel 1914 [empty], Postpubici Jaekel 1910 [empty], Sauropodichnus Calvo 1991 [nomen dubium], Sinoichnites Kuhn 1958 [nomen dubium], Therophagi Jaekel 1914 [empty], Therosauria Haeckel 1866 [empty], Tretospondylia Owen 1876 [empty], Yunnanpus Chen and Huang 1993 [nomen dubium]
Unr. †Silesauridae Langer et al. 2010
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Unr. †Sulcimentisauria Martz and Small 2019
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G. †Diodorus Kammerer et al. 2012
G. †Eucoelophysis Sullivan and Lucas 1999
G. †Kwanasaurus Martz and Small 2019
G. †Lutungutali Peecook et al. 2013
G. †Sacisaurus Ferigolo and Langer 2007
G. †Silesaurus Dzik 2003
G. †Technosaurus Chatterjee 1984
Invalid names: Lewisuchinae Paul 1988 [invalid subgroup]
Invalid names: Lagosuchus Romer 1971 [nomen dubium], Lagosuchus talampayensis Romer 1971 [nomen dubium]
Fm. †Lagerpetonidae Arcucci 1986
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G. †Dromomeron Irmis et al. 2007
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†Dromomeron gigas Martínez et al. 2016
†Dromomeron gregorii Nesbitt et al. 2009
†Dromomeron romeri Irmis et al. 2007
G. †Prorotodactylus Ptaszynski 2000
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†Prorotodactylus lutevensis Demathieu 1984
†Prorotodactylus mirus Ptaszynski 2000
Unr. †Pterosauromorpha Padian 1997
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Unr. †Pterosauria Kaup 1834 [pterosaur]
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G. †Austriadactylus Dalla Vecchia et al. 2002
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†Austriadactylus cristatus Dalla Vecchia et al. 2002
Fm. †Austriadraconidae Kellner 2015
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Fm. †Campylognathoididae
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G. †Campylognathoides Strand 1928
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†Campylognathoides liasicus Quendtedt 1858
†Campylognathoides zitteli Plieninger 1894
G. †Carniadactylus Dalla Vecchia 2009
G. †Eudimorphodon Zambelli 1973
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†Eudimorphodon ranzii Zambelli 1973
†Eudimorphodon rosenfeldi Dalla Vecchia 1995
Unr. †Eopterosauria Andres et al. 2014
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G. †Laopteryx Marsh 1881
Unr. †Macronychoptera Unwin 2003
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Fm. †Dimorphodontidae Seeley 1870
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G. †Caelestiventus Britt et al. 2018
G. †Dimorphodon Owen 1859
G. †Peteinosaurus Wild 1978
Subor. †Ornithocephaliformes Hay 1930
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G. †Palaeocursornis Kessler and Jurcsák 1986
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Invalid names: Eurolimnornis Kessler 1987 [replaced], Limnornis Kessler and Jurcsák 1984 [replaced], Palaeocursornis biharicus Kessler and Jurcsák 1986 [nomen dubium], Palaeolimnornis Jurcsák and Kessler 1985 [replaced]
Fm. †Pteraichnidae Lockley et al. 1995
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G. †Pteraichnus Stokes 1957
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†Pteraichnus dongyangensis Chen et al. 2013
†Pteraichnus koreanensis Lee et al. 2008
†Pteraichnus longipodus Fuentes Vidarte et al. 2004
†Pteraichnus nipponensis Lee et al. 2010
†Pteraichnus parvus Meijide Calvo 2001
†Pteraichnus saltwashensis Stokes 1957
†Pteraichnus stokesi Lockley et al. 1995
†Pteraichnus yanguoxiaensis Peng et al. 2004
Invalid names: Pteraichnus cidacoi Fuentes Vidarte 2001 [nomen dubium], Pteraichnus manueli Meijide Calvo 2001 [nomen dubium], Pteraichnus palacieisaenzi Pascual Arribas and Sanz Pérez 2000 [nomen dubium], Pteraichnus vetustior Meijide Fuentes 2001 [nomen dubium]
Subor. †Pterodactyloidea Plieninger 1901
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Unr. †Anhangueria Rodrigues and Kellner 2013
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G. †Camposipterus Rodrigues and Kellner 2013
Fm. †Hamipteridae Holgado et al. 2019
Invalid names: Ornithocheirae Seeley 1870 [empty]
G. †Ardeadactylus Bennett 2013
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†Ardeadactylus longicollum Meyer 1854
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Invalid names: Pterodactylus vulturinus Wagner 1858 [synonym]
Superfm. †Dsungaripteroidea Young 1964
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G. †Puntanipterus Bonaparte and Sánchez 1975
Invalid names: Germanodactylidae Young 1964 [invalid subgroup], Nyctosauridae Hay 1902 [empty]
Unr. †Lophocratia Unwin 2003
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G. †Beipiaopterus Lü 2003
G. †Ctenochasma Meyer 1851
Unr. †Ctenochasmatoidea Unwin 1995
G. †Cycnorhamphus Seeley 1870
G. †Elanodactylus Andres and Ji 2008
G. †Eosipterus Ji and Ji 1997
G. †Feilongus Wang et al. 2005
G. †Gallodactylus Fabre 1976
G. †Gegepterus Wang et al. 2007
G. †Germanodactylus Young 1964
G. †Gnathosaurus Meyer 1833
G. †Huanhepterus Dong 1982
G. †Kepodactylus Harris and Carpenter 1996
G. †Normannognathus Buffetaut et al. 1998
Superfm. †Ornithocheiroidea Seeley 1870
G. †Plataleorhynchus Howse and Milner 1995
G. †Pterodaustro Bonaparte 1970
G. †Nyctosaurus Marsh 1876
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†Nyctosaurus bonneri Miller 1971
†Nyctosaurus gracilis Marsh 1876
†Nyctosaurus lamegoi Price 1953
†Nyctosaurus nanus Marsh 1881
Invalid names: Nyctodactylus Marsh 1881 [synonym]
Unr. †Ornithocheiridae Seeley 1870
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G. †Aetodactylus Myers 2010
G. †Araripesaurus Price 1971
G. †Arthurdactylus Frey and Martill 1994
G. †Barbosania Elgin and Frey 2011
G. †Caulkicephalus Steel et al. 2005
Invalid names: Criorhynchidae Hooley 1914 [synonym], Ornithocheirinae Williston 1897 [empty], Pteranodontinae Williston 1892 [empty]
Unr. †Pteranodontia Marsh 1876
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G. †Alamodactylus Andres and Myers 2013
Unr. †Aponyctosauria Fernandes et al. 2022
G. †Pteranodon Marsh 1876
Unr. †Pteranodontidae Marsh 1876
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Invalid names: Ornithostomatidae Williston 1893 [synonym], Ornithostomatinae Williston 1897 [synonym]
Invalid names: Araripedactylus Wellnhofer 1977 [nomen dubium], Araripedactylus dehmi Wellnhofer 1977 [nomen dubium], Araripesaurus castilhoi Price 1971 [nomen dubium], Belonochasmatidae [empty], Cearadactylidae Wellnhofer 1991 [empty], Dermodactylus montanus Marsh 1878 [nomen dubium], Doratorhynchus validus Owen 1870 [nomen vanum], Eupterodactyloidea Bennett 1994 [empty], Ornithocheirus brachyrhinus Seeley 1870 [nomen dubium], Ornithocheirus bunzeli Seeley 1881 [nomen dubium], Ornithocheirus carteri Seeley 1870 [nomen dubium], Ornithocheirus crassidens Seeley 1870 [nomen dubium], Ornithocheirus dentatus Seeley 1870 [nomen dubium], Ornithocheirus enchorhynchus Seeley 1870 [nomen dubium], Ornithocheirus eurygnathus Seeley 1870 [nomen dubium], Ornithocheirus oxyrhinus Seeley 1870 [nomen dubium], Ornithocheirus scaphorhynchus Seeley 1870 [nomen dubium], Ornithocheirus tenuirostris Seeley 1870 [nomen dubium], Ornithocheirus xyphorhynchus Seeley 1870 [nomen dubium], Ornithodesmidae Hooley 1913 [empty], Osteornis Rodrigues and Kellner 2013 [nomen dubium], Pterodactylus grandipelvis Meyer 1860 [nomen dubium], Pterodactylus grandis Cuvier 1824 [nomen dubium], Pterodactylus longipes Münster 1859 [nomen dubium], Pterodactylus woodwardi Owen 1861 [nomen dubium], Santanadactylus pricei Wellnhofer 1985 [nomen dubium], Titanopterygiidae Padian 1984 [empty]
Subor. †Rhamphorhynchoidea Plieninger 1901
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Fm. †Scaphognathidae Hooley 1913
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G. †Fenghuangopterus Lü et al. 2010
G. †Jianchangnathus Cheng et al. 2012
Invalid names: Comodactylus Galton 1981 [nomen dubium], Comodactylus ostromi Galton 1981 [nomen dubium], Eudimorphodontidae Wellnhofer 1978 [empty]
Fm. †Wukongopteridae Wang et al. 2009
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G. †Kunpengopterus Wang et al. 2010
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†Kunpengopterus antipollicatus Zhou et al. 2021
†Kunpengopterus sinensis Wang et al. 2010
Invalid names: Aidacharidae Nessov 1981 [empty], Archaeopteryx vicensensis Lambrecht 1933 [nomen vanum], Campylognathoides indicus Jain 1974 [nomen dubium], Eurolimnornis Kessler and Jurcsák 1986 [nomen dubium], Eurolimnornis corneti Kessler and Jurcsák 1984 [nomen dubium], Laopteryx priscus Marsh 1881 [nomen dubium], Ornithocheirus hilsensis Koken 1883 [nomen dubium], Ornithocheirus nobilis Owen 1870 [nomen dubium], Ornithosaurii Bonaparte 1838 [synonym], Ptenodactylus brachyrhinus Seeley 1869 [nomen nudum], Ptenodactylus capito Seeley 1869 [nomen nudum], Ptenodactylus crassidens Seeley 1869 [nomen nudum], Ptenodactylus dentatus Seeley 1869 [nomen nudum], Ptenodactylus enchorhynchus Seeley 1869 [nomen dubium], Ptenodactylus eurygnathus Seeley 1869 [nomen nudum], Ptenodactylus macrorhinus Seeley 1869 [nomen nudum], Ptenodactylus oxyrhinus Seeley 1869 [nomen nudum], Ptenodactylus platystomus Seeley 1869 [nomen nudum], Ptenodactylus polyodon Seeley 1869 [nomen nudum], Ptenodactylus scaphorhynchus Seeley 1869 [nomen nudum], Ptenodactylus tenuirostris Seeley 1869 [nomen nudum], Pteranodontes Gadow 1898 [empty], Pterodactyli Meyer 1830 [empty], Pterodactylus curtus Owen 1870 [nomen dubium], Pterodactylus hopkinsi Seeley 1864 [nomen nudum], Pterodactylus huxleyi Seeley 1865 [nomen nudum], Pterodactylus oweni Seeley 1864 [nomen nudum], Pterodactylus primus Deffner and Fraas 1859 [nomen nudum], Pterodactylus suprajurensis Sauvage 1873 [nomen dubium], Rhamphorhynchus jessoni Lydekker 1890 [nomen dubium], Rhamphorhynchus manselii Owen 1874 [nomen dubium], Rhamphorhynchus pleydellii Owen 1874 [nomen dubium], Scaphognathoidea Hooley 1913 [empty], Sharivopterygia Olshevsky 1991 [empty], Tribelesodontoidea Nopcsa 1928 [empty]
Invalid names: Prorotodactylidae Ptaszynski 2000 [empty]
Diagnosis
Reference | Diagnosis | |
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S. J. Nesbitt 2011 | The least inclusive clade containing Pterodactylus antiquus Soemmerring, 1812, and Passer domesticus Linnaeus, 1758 |
Measurements
No measurements are available
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Source: g = genus, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum | |||||
References: Hendy et al. 2009, Peczkis 1995, Witton 2008, Carroll 1988 |
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Olenekian to the top of the Holocene or 251.20000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 247.2 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 247.2 Ma
Collections (13825 total)
Oldest occurrences | |||
Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
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Early/Lower Triassic | United Kingdom (England) | Deuterotetrapous triassicus (164930) | |
Smithian | Poland (Swietoryzskie) | Prorotodactylus sp. (175800) | |
Smithian | USA (Utah) | Grallator sp., Eubrontes sp. (105542) | |
Spathian | Poland (Swietoryzskie) | Prorotodactylus mirus (118063) | |
Olenekian | United Kingdom (England) | Coelurosaurichnus sp. A, Coelurosaurichnus sp. B, Coelurosaurichnus ziegelangernensis (184045) | |
Anisian | Spain (Castilla-La Mancha) | Coelurosaurichnus perriauxi (74513) | |
Anisian | Poland (Opolskie) | Zanclodon silesiacus (96435) | |
Anisian | Italy (Trentino-Alto Adige) | Dinosauromorpha indet. (194584) | |
Anisian | Morocco (Marrakech-Safi) | Atreipus sp. (199901) | |
Anisian | Germany (Sachsen-Anhalt) | Theropoda indet. (138123) | |
Anisian | Netherlands (Gelderland) | Coelurosaurichnus ratumensis (96875) | |
Anisian | Germany | Thecodontosaurus latespinatus (137641) | |
Anisian | France (Languedoc-Rousillon) | Rhynchosauroides lutevensis (199936) | |
Anisian | United Kingdom (England) | Deuterotetrapous plancus (186039) | |
Anisian | Tanzania (Ruvuma) | Asilisaurus kongwe (94651 181056 181057 181058) Prestosuchidae indet. (136890) Silesauridae indet. (159740) Thecodontosaurus alophos (136891) | |
Anisian - Ladinian | France (Bourgogne-Franche-Comté) | Anchisauripus bibractensis (62183 199909) Coelurosaurichnus palissyi (31312) Coelurosaurichnus palissyi, Anchisauripus bibractensis (68222) Coelurosaurichnus palissyi, Coelurosaurichnus perriauxi (68223) Coelurosaurichnus perriauxi, Anchisauripus bibractensis (68906) Coelurosaurichnus perriauxi, Anchisauripus sp., Anchisauripus bibractensis (62182) Coelurosaurichnus sp., Anchisauripus bibractensis (199928) Coelurosaurichnus sp., Coelurosaurichnus largentierensis, Anchisauripus sp., Anchisauripus bibractensis (68226) Coelurosaurichnus sp., Coelurosaurichnus perriauxi, Anchisauripus sp. (28462) Dinosauria indet. (199911) Dinosauria indet., Dinosauria indet. (24834) | |
Anisian - Ladinian | France (Rhône-Alpes) | Dinosauria indet., Grallator sp. (199929) | |
Anisian - Ladinian | France (Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes) | Anchisauripus sp., Coelurosaurichnus sp. (31310) Coelurosaurichnus largentierensis (192151) | |
Anisian - Ladinian | France (Saône-et-Loire) | Coelurosaurichnus sp., Coelurosaurichnus palyssii (36226) | |
Middle Triassic | Germany (Baden-Württemberg) | Thecodontosaurus latespinatus (187582) |