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Eusauropoda
Taxonomy
Eusauropoda was named by Upchurch (1995). It is not extant.
It was assigned to Sauropoda by Upchurch (1995), Salgado et al. (1997), Sereno (1997), Sereno (1998), Wilson and Sereno (1998), Sereno (1999), Sereno et al. (1999), Wilson (2002), Upchurch et al. (2004) and Royo-Torres et al. (2006); to Gravisauria by Allain and Aquesbi (2008), Yates (2010) and Rauhut et al. (2020); and to Sauropoda by Upchurch (1995), Upchurch et al. (2007), Sánchez-Hernández et al. (2007), Smith and Pol (2007), Suteethorn et al. (2010), Bandyopadhyay et al. (2010), Xing et al. (2015) and Paulina-Carabajal et al. (2021).
It was assigned to Sauropoda by Upchurch (1995), Salgado et al. (1997), Sereno (1997), Sereno (1998), Wilson and Sereno (1998), Sereno (1999), Sereno et al. (1999), Wilson (2002), Upchurch et al. (2004) and Royo-Torres et al. (2006); to Gravisauria by Allain and Aquesbi (2008), Yates (2010) and Rauhut et al. (2020); and to Sauropoda by Upchurch (1995), Upchurch et al. (2007), Sánchez-Hernández et al. (2007), Smith and Pol (2007), Suteethorn et al. (2010), Bandyopadhyay et al. (2010), Xing et al. (2015) and Paulina-Carabajal et al. (2021).
Subtaxa
Algoasaurus, Algoasaurus bauri, Amanzia, Bagualia, Bothriospondylus madagascariensis, Cardiodon, Cetiosauridae (syn. Cardiodontidae), Cetiosauriscus, Datousaurus, Dystrophaeus, Ferganasaurus, Haestasaurus, Janenschia, Jobaria, Lapparentosaurus, Mamenchisauridae (syn. Omeisauridae), Nebulasaurus, Neosauropoda, Ornithopsis leedsi, Ornithopsis leedsii, Perijasaurus, Rhoetosaurus, Shunosaurus, Turiasauria
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
Year | Name and author |
---|---|
1887 | Ornithopsis leedsii Hulke p. 375 fig. 1 |
1887 | Ornithopsis leedsi Hulke p. 454 |
1887 | Ornithopsis leedsii Hulke p. 698 fig. 1 |
1888 | Ornithopsis leedsii Mansel-Pleydell p. 39 |
1889 | Ornithopsis leedsi Seeley p. 393 fig. 3 |
1890 | Ornithopsis leedsi Woodward and Sherborn p. 260 |
1890 | Ornithopsis leedsi Zittel p. 714 |
1895 | Pelorosaurus leedsi Lydekker p. 330 |
1895 | Bothriospondylus madagascariensis Lydekker p. 335 |
1896 | Bothriospondylus madagascariensis Depéret p. 193 |
1900 | Pelorosaurus leedsi Sauvage p. 504 |
1901 | Bothriospondylus madagascariensis Nopcsa p. 204 |
1901 | Pelorosaurus leedsi Nopcsa p. 206 |
1902 | Bothriospondylus madagascariensis Boule p. 56 |
1902 | Ornithopsis leedsi Mansel-Pleydell p. lxxvii |
1903 | Cetiosaurus leedsi Anonymous p. 71 |
1904 | Algoasaurus Broom pp. 446-447 |
1904 | Algoasaurus bauri Broom p. 447 figs. 1-3 |
1905 | Cetiosaurus leedsi Woodward p. 232 |
1907 | Bothriospondylus madagascariensis Thevenin p. 3 |
1908 | Bothriospondylus madagascariensis Fraas p. 138 |
1908 | Algoasaurus Huene p. 348 |
1909 | Algoasaurus Arldt p. 263 |
1909 | Algoasaurus Huene p. 15 |
1911 | Algoasaurus von Zittel p. 288 |
1913 | Algoasaurus bauri Schwarz p. 264 |
1914 | Algoasaurus bauri Schwarz p. 41 |
1915 | Algoasaurus Broom p. 162 |
1915 | Algoasaurus bauri Broom p. 162 |
1917 | Cetiosaurus leedsi Moodie p. 390 |
1924 | Cetiosaurus leedsi Lull p. 234 |
1927 | Cetiosauriscus leedsi Huene p. 122 |
1927 | Bothriospondylus madagascariensis Huene p. 446 |
1927 | Cetiosauriscus leedsi Huene p. 454 |
1928 | Bothriospondylus madagascariensis Haughton p. 71 |
1932 | Algoasaurus Stromer p. 7 |
1932 | Cetiosauriscus leedsi Stromer p. 9 |
1934 | Cetiosaurus leedsi Swinton p. 33 |
1939 | Cetiosauriscus leedsi Kuhn p. 85 |
1943 | Bothriospondylus madagascariensis Lapparent p. 12 |
1946 | Algoasaurus Gilmore p. 30 |
1948 | Bothriospondylus madagascariensis Cabrera p. 38 |
1956 | Ornithopsis leedsi Leeds p. 35 |
1956 | Algoasaurus Romer p. 622 |
1957 | Algoasaurus bauri Lapparent p. 110 |
1957 | Bothriospondylus madagascariensis Lavocat p. 363 |
1960 | Ornithopsis leedsi Delair p. 83 |
1963 | Bothriospondylus madagascariensis Furon p. 359 |
1964 | Algoasaurus Tatarinov p. 552 |
1966 | Algoasaurus Romer p. 370 |
1967 | Bothriospondylus madagascariensis Lapparent p. 10 |
1968 | Bothriospondylus madagascariensis de Ricqlès p. 164 |
1970 | Ornithopsis leedsi Macfadyen p. 127 |
1970 | Cetiosaurus leedsi Steel p. 64 |
1970 | Bothriospondylus madagascariensis Steel p. 67 |
1970 | Algoasaurus Steel p. 75 |
1970 | Algoasaurus bauri Steel p. 75 |
1970 | Cetiosaurus leedsi Swinton pp. 168-169 |
1975 | Bothriospondylus madagascariensis Ogier p. 3–4 |
1976 | Algoasaurus bauri McLachlan and McMillan p. 204 |
1977 | Bothriospondylus madagascariensis Taquet p. 328 |
1978 | Bothriospondylus madagascariensis Ingavat and Taquet pp. SP1-2 |
1979 | Bothriospondylus madagascariensis Jain et al. p. 206 |
1979 | Cetiosaurus leedsi Jain et al. p. 206 |
1980 | Bothriospondylus madagascariensis Molnar p. 136 |
1980 | Algoasaurus Molnar p. 138 |
1983 | Cetiosaurus leedsi Galton pp. 2-3 |
1983 | Algoasaurus Rich et al. p. 285–287 |
1983 | Algoasaurus bauri Rich et al. p. 285 |
1983 | Bothriospondylus madagascariensis Rich et al. p. 287 fig. 9 |
1984 | Bothriospondylus madagascariensis Taquet p. 79 |
1985 | Algoasaurus Rich and Rich p. 647 |
1985 | Algoasaurus bauri Rich and Rich p. 647 |
1986 | Bothriospondylus madagascariensis Bonaparte p. 251 |
1986 | Bothriospondylus madagascariensis Sanz p. 85 |
1987 | Algosaurus Casanovas et al. p. 98 |
1987 | Cetiosaurus leedsi Sanz et al. p. 59 |
1987 | Bothriospondylus madagascariensis Sanz et al. p. 60 |
1988 | Algoasaurus Carroll |
1988 | Ornithopsis leedsi Martill p. 184 |
1991 | Bothriospondylus madagascariensis Buffetaut et al. p. 25 |
1992 | Algoasaurus Molnar p. 266 |
1992 | Algoasaurus bauri Molnar p. 266 |
1993 | Bothriospondylus madagascariensis Martin et al. p. 422 |
1993 | Bothriospondylus madagascariensis Salgado p. 268 |
1994 | Ornithopsis leedsi Brokenshire and Clarke p. 178 |
1995 | Eusauropoda Upchurch p. 253 |
1996 | Algoasaurus Jacobs et al. p. 604 |
1997 | Algoasaurus bauri Chinsamy p. 677 |
1997 | Bothriospondylus madagascariensis Currie and Padian p. 369 |
1997 | Bothriospondylus madagascariensis Erickson p. 5 |
1997 | Eusauropoda Salgado et al. p. 7 |
1997 | Eusauropoda Sereno p. 444 |
1998 | Eusauropoda Sereno p. 63 |
1998 | Eusauropoda Wilson and Sereno p. 31 |
1999 | Eusauropoda Sereno p. 2138 fig. 2 |
1999 | Eusauropoda Sereno et al. p. 1346 fig. 4 |
2000 | Pelorosaurus leedsii Olshevsky p. 123 |
2002 | Eusauropoda Wilson p. 240 fig. 13 |
2003 | Algoasaurus bauri Carvalho et al. p. 709 |
2004 | Eusauropoda Upchurch et al. p. 262 |
2005 | Cetiosaurus leedsi Apesteguía p. 323 fig. 15.1 |
2006 | Bothriospondylus madagascariensis Flynn et al. p. 478 |
2006 | Eusauropoda Royo-Torres et al. p. 1926 fig. 3 |
2007 | Eusauropoda Smith and Pol p. 668 fig. 7 |
2007 | Eusauropoda Sánchez-Hernández et al. p. 196 |
2007 | Eusauropoda Upchurch et al. p. 62 fig. 3 |
2008 | Eusauropoda Allain and Aquesbi p. 404 |
2009 | Algoasaurus bauri Forster et al. p. 283 |
2010 | Eusauropoda Bandyopadhyay et al. pp. 562-563 fig. 17 |
2010 | Eusauropoda Suteethorn et al. |
2010 | Eusauropoda Yates p. 750 |
2012 | Algoasaurus bauri Galton and Molnar p. 17 |
2012 | Algoasaurus bauri Ibiricu et al. p. 230 |
2015 | Eusauropoda Xing et al. |
2019 | Ornithopsis leedsi Raveloson et al. p. 1 |
2020 | Eusauropoda Rauhut et al. |
2021 | Cetiosaurus leedsi Apesteguía et al. |
2021 | Eusauropoda Paulina-Carabajal et al. |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Unr. †Eusauropoda Upchurch 1995
show all | hide all
Fm. †Cetiosauridae Lydekker 1888 [cetiosaurid]
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G. †Protognathosaurus Olshevsky 1991 [first jaw lizard]
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†Protognathosaurus oxyodon Zhang 1988
Invalid names: Protognathus Zhang 1988 [replaced]
Invalid names: Cardiodontidae Lydekker 1895 [objective synonym], Cardiodontinae Huene 1927 [empty], Cetiosaurinae Kuhn 1939 [empty], Shunosaurinae McIntosh 1990 [empty]
G. †Ferganasaurus Alifanov and Averianov 2003
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†Ferganasaurus verzilini Alifanov and Averianov 2003
Unr. †Mamenchisauridae Chao 1965 [mamenchisaurid]
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G. †Mamenchisaurus Young 1954
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†Mamenchisaurus anyuensis He et al. 1996
†Mamenchisaurus constructus Young 1954
†Mamenchisaurus hochuanensis Chao 1965
†Mamenchisaurus jingyanensis Zhang et al. 1998
†Mamenchisaurus sinocanadorum Russell and Zheng 1994
†Mamenchisaurus youngi Pi et al. 1996
G. †Omeisaurus Young 1939
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†Omeisaurus changshouensis Young 1958
†Omeisaurus fuxiensis Dong et al. 1983
†Omeisaurus jiaoi Jiang et al. 2011
†Omeisaurus junghsiensis Young 1939
†Omeisaurus luoquanensis Li 1988
†Omeisaurus maoianus Tang et al. 2001
†Omeisaurus puxiani Tan et al. 2020
†Omeisaurus tianfuensis He et al. 1984
G. †Tienshanosaurus Young 1937
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Invalid names: Tienshanosaurus chitaiensis Young 1937 [nomen dubium]
G. †Zigongosaurus Hou et al. 1976
Invalid names: Omeisauridae Wilson 2002 [synonym]
Unr. †Neosauropoda Bonaparte 1986
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Unr. †Diplodocoidea Upchurch 1995
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G. †Amphicoelias Cope 1877
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†Amphicoelias altus Cope 1877
†Amphicoelias brontodiplodocus Galiano and Albersdörfer 2010
Unr. †Diplodocimorpha Calvo and Salgado 1995
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Unr. †Flagellicaudata Harris and Dodson 2004
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Unr. †Dicraeosauridae Huene 1927 [dicraeosaurid]
Unr. †Diplodocidae Marsh 1884 [diplodocid]
Invalid names: Diplodocus lacustris Marsh 1884 [nomen dubium]
Unr. †Rebbachisauridae Bonaparte 1997
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G. †Agustinia Bonaparte 1999
G. †Amazonsaurus Carvalho et al. 2003
G. †Comahuesaurus Carballido et al. 2012
G. †Histriasaurus Dalla Vecchia 1998
G. †Katepensaurus Ibiricu et al. 2013
Unr. †Khebbashia Fanti et al. 2015
G. †Lavocatisaurus Canudo et al. 2018
G. †Maraapunisaurus Carpenter 2018
G. †Rayososaurus Bonaparte 1996
G. †Sidersaura Lerzo et al. 2024
G. †Xenoposeidon Taylor and Naish 2007
G. †Zapalasaurus Salgado et al. 2006
Invalid names: Rebbachisaurus tamesnensis Lapparent 1957 [nomen dubium]
G. †Haplocanthosaurus Hatcher 1903
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†Haplocanthosaurus delfsi McIntosh and Williams 1988
†Haplocanthosaurus priscus Hatcher 1903
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Invalid names: Haplocanthosaurus utterbacki Hatcher 1903 [synonym]
Invalid names: Haplocanthus Hatcher 1903 [synonym]
Invalid names: Cetiosaurus glymptonensis Phillips 1871 [nomen dubium], Rebbachisauroidea Apesteguía 2007 [synonym]
Unr. †Macronaria Sereno 1997
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Unr. †Camarasauromorpha Salgado et al. 1997
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Fm. †Camarasauridae Cope 1877 [camarasaurid]
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G. †Camarasaurus Cope 1877
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Invalid names: Cathetosaurus Jensen 1988 [synonym], Caulodon Cope 1877 [synonym], Morosaurus Marsh 1878 [synonym], Uintasaurus Holland 1919 [synonym]
G. †Lourinhasaurus Dantas et al. 1998
Invalid names: Helopodinae Huene 1932 [empty]
Invalid names: Brachiosauria Upchurch 1997 [synonym]
G. †Galveosaurus Sánchez-Hernández 2005
Invalid names: Apatosaurus minimus Mook 1917 [nomen dubium], Astrodon Johnston 1859 [nomen dubium], Bothriospondylus robustus Owen 1875 [nomen dubium], Dinodocus Owen 1884 [nomen dubium], Dinodocus mackesoni Owen 1884 [nomen dubium], Titanomorpha Sereno 1997 [empty]
Invalid names: Bothriospondylus Owen 1875 [nomen dubium], Bothriospondylus suffossus Owen 1875 [nomen dubium], Ischyrosaurus Hulke 1874 [nomen dubium], Ischyrosaurus manseli Lydekker 1888 [nomen dubium]
Unr. †Turiasauria Royo-Torres et al. 2006
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Invalid names: Algoasaurus Broom 1904 [nomen dubium], Algoasaurus bauri Broom 1904 [nomen dubium], Bothriospondylus madagascariensis Lydekker 1895 [nomen dubium], Ornithopsis leedsi Hulke 1887 [nomen dubium], Ornithopsis leedsii Hulke 1887 [nomen dubium]
Diagnosis
Reference | Diagnosis | |
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L. Salgado et al. 1997 | Anterior trochanter of femur absent. Anteroposterior diameter of distal end of tibia subequal/greater than distal width. | |
R. Allain and N. Aquesbi 2008 | Thus, 16 unambiguous synapomorphies diagnose this clade: the anteroposterior length of the frontal which is less than its minimum transverse breadth; a long anterior process of the quadratojugal; the presence of a quadrate fossa; a dorsoventrally expanded prearticular; the U-shaped anterior portion of the tooth rows; the reduced number of phalanges of the manual digit II; the S-shaped pubic symphysis; the reduced femoral fourth trochanter, the laterally projected tibial cnemial crest; the spreading posture of the metatarsus; the length of the metatarsal III which is less than 25% that of the tibia; the broader transversely than long proximodistally proximal pedal phalanges; the shallow or absent collateral ligament fossae on the non-ungual pedal phalanges; the rudimentary penultimate phalanges of the pedal digits II-IV; the sickle-shaped unguals of the pedal digits II-III; and the rudimentary pedal digit IV ungual. |
Measurements
No measurements are available
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Source: g = genus, infrao = infraorder | |||||
References: Peczkis 1995, Marsh 1875 |
Age range: base of the Rhaetian to the top of the Late/Upper Maastrichtian or 208.50000 to 66.00000 Ma
Collections (575 total)
Oldest occurrences | |||
Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
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Rhaetian | Belgium (Gaume) | Eusauropoda indet. (68882) | |
Early/Lower Jurassic | Morocco (Khénifra) | Eusauropoda indet. (191928) | |
Early/Lower Jurassic | China (Sichuan) | Tonganosaurus hei (74735) | |
Jurassic | United Kingdom (England) | Cetiosauridae indet. (83122) | |
Early/Lower Pliensbachian | Denmark (Bornholm) | Turiasauria indet. (223749) | |
Toarcian - Bajocian | China (Sichuan) | Cetiosauridae indet. (227430) | |
Middle Toarcian | Argentina (Chubut) | Eusauropoda indet. (109131) | |
Late/Upper Toarcian - Early/Lower Aalenian | Colombia | Sauropoda indet. (34727) | |
Aalenian | United Kingdom (England) | Eusauropoda indet. (170146) | |
Aalenian - Bajocian | China (Yunnan) | Nebulasaurus taito (145659) | |
Youngest occurrences |
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Time interval | Ma | Country or state | PBDB collection number |
Late/Upper Cenomanian | Argentina (Neuquén) | Rebbachisauridae indet. (51946) | |
Middle Cenomanian | France (Pays de la Loire) | Titanosauridae indet. (48860) | |
Late/Upper Cenomanian - Turonian | Argentina (Neuquén) | Rebbachisauridae indet. (226993) Rebbachisauridae indet., Sidersaura marae (123202) Rebbachisaurus tessonei (58981) Sidersaura marae (232882) | |
Late/Upper Cenomanian - Turonian | Argentina (Río Negro) | Rebbachisauridae indet. (67296) | |
Middle Cenomanian - Turonian | Argentina (Chubut) | Katepensaurus goicoecheai (152253) Rebbachisauridae indet. (123284) | |
Middle Cenomanian - Late/Upper Turonian | Argentina (Chubut) | Diplodocidae indet. (68151) Rebbachisauridae indet. (115564) | |
Coniacian | Argentina (Chubut) | Rebbachisauridae indet. (219559) | |
Late/Upper Campanian | Spain (Castilla y Leon) | Eusauropoda indet., Neosauropoda indet. (48861) | |
Late/Upper Maastrichtian | Pakistan (Balochistan) | Eusauropoda indet. (79429) | |
Late/Upper Maastrichtian | India (Tamil Nadu) | Camarasauridae indet. (71480) |