PBDB

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Eusauropoda

Reptilia

Taxonomy

Eusauropoda was named by Upchurch (1995). It is not extant.

It was assigned to Sauropoda by Upchurch (1995), Salgado et al. (1997), Sereno (1997), Sereno (1998), Wilson and Sereno (1998), Sereno (1999), Sereno et al. (1999), Wilson (2002), Upchurch et al. (2004) and Royo-Torres et al. (2006); to Sauropoda by Upchurch (1995), Upchurch et al. (2007), Sánchez-Hernández et al. (2007), Smith and Pol (2007), Suteethorn et al. (2010), Bandyopadhyay et al. (2010) and Xing et al. (2015); and to Gravisauria by Allain and Aquesbi (2008), Yates (2010) and Rauhut et al. (2020).

Sister taxa

Mamenchisauridae (syn. Omeisauridae), Neosauropoda, Turiasauria

Synonyms

Algoasaurus was named by Broom (1904). Its type is Algoasaurus bauri.

It was considered a nomen dubium by McIntosh (1990); it was considered a nomen dubium by Upchurch et al. (2004), Le Loeuff et al. (2012) and McPhee et al. (2016).

It was assigned to Opisthocoelia by Broom (1904); to Sauropoda by Huene (1908), Huene (1909) and von Zittel (1911); to Theropoda by Broom (1915); to Sauropoda by Arldt (1909) and Tatarinov (1964); to Titanosaurinae by Romer (1956), Steel (1970) and Casanovas et al. (1987); to Titanosauridae by Stromer (1932), Gilmore (1946), Romer (1966), Molnar (1980), Rich and Rich (1985) and Carroll (1988); to Camarasauridae by Rich et al. (1983) and Molnar (1992); and to Diplodocidae by Jacobs et al. (1996).
Ornithopsis leedsii was named by Hulke (1887). Its type specimen is BMNH R1984-1988, a set of postcrania (pelvis), and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is gas-works well, Peterborough, which is in a Callovian marine claystone/sandstone in the Oxford Clay Formation of the United Kingdom.

It was recombined as Pelorosaurus leedsii by Olshevsky (2000); it was considered a nomen dubium by Holwerda et al. (2019).
Bothriospondylus madagascariensis was named by Lydekker (1895). Its type specimen is MAA 91-92, a set of vertebrae, and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Antsohihy, which is in a Bathonian terrestrial horizon in the Isalo III Formation of Madagascar.

It was considered a nomen dubium by Läng and Goussard (2007) and Mannion (2010).
Ornithopsis leedsi was named by Hulke (1887). Its type specimen is BMNH R.3078 and is a 3D body fossil. It is the type species of Cetiosauriscus.

It was synonymized subjectively with Ornithopsis humerocristatus by Lydekker (1888) and Lydekker (1888); it was synonymized subjectively with Pelorosaurus humerocristatus by Sauvage (1895); it was recombined as Pelorosaurus leedsi by Lydekker (1895), Sauvage (1900) and Nopcsa (1901); it was recombined as Cetiosauriscus leedsi by Huene (1927), Huene (1927), Stromer (1932) and Kuhn (1939); it was synonymized subjectively with Cetiosauriscus stewarti by Upchurch et al. (2004); it was considered a nomen dubium by Upchurch and Martin (2003) and Mannion et al. (2013); it was recombined as Cetiosaurus leedsi by Anonymous (1903), Anonymous (1903), Woodward (1905), Woodward (1905), Moodie (1917), Lull (1924), Swinton (1934), Steel (1970), Swinton (1970), Jain et al. (1979), Galton (1983), Sanz et al. (1987), Apesteguía (2005) and Apesteguía et al. (2021).
Algoasaurus bauri was named by Broom (1904). Its type specimen is Port Elizabeth Museum/AMNH 5631, a set of postcrania, and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Port Elizabeth Brick and Tile Company quarry, Despatch, which is in a Berriasian/Valanginian fluvial claystone in the Kirkwood Formation of South Africa. It is the type species of Algoasaurus.

It was considered a nomen dubium by McIntosh (1990); it was considered a nomen dubium by Upchurch et al. (2004); it was considered a nomen dubium by Le Loeuff et al. (2012); it was considered a nomen dubium by McPhee et al. (2016).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1887	Ornithopsis leedsii Hulke p. 375
1887	Ornithopsis leedsi Hulke p. 454
1887	Ornithopsis leedsii Hulke p. 698 fig. 1
1888	Ornithopsis leedsii Mansel-Pleydell p. 39
1889	Ornithopsis leedsi Seeley p. 393 fig. 3
1890	Ornithopsis leedsi Woodward and Sherborn p. 260
1890	Ornithopsis leedsi Zittel p. 714
1895	Pelorosaurus leedsi Lydekker p. 330
1895	Bothriospondylus madagascariensis Lydekker p. 335 figs. 1-5
1896	Bothriospondylus madagascariensis Depéret p. 193
1900	Pelorosaurus leedsi Sauvage p. 504
1901	Bothriospondylus madagascariensis Nopcsa p. 204
1901	Pelorosaurus leedsi Nopcsa p. 206
1902	Bothriospondylus madagascariensis Boule p. 56
1902	Ornithopsis leedsi Mansel-Pleydell p. lxxvii
1903	Cetiosaurus leedsi Anonymous p. 71
1904	Algoasaurus Broom pp. 446-447
1904	Algoasaurus bauri Broom p. 447
1905	Cetiosaurus leedsi Woodward p. 232
1907	Bothriospondylus madagascariensis Thevenin p. 3
1908	Bothriospondylus madagascariensis Fraas p. 138
1908	Algoasaurus Huene p. 348
1909	Algoasaurus Arldt p. 263
1909	Algoasaurus Huene p. 15
1911	Algoasaurus von Zittel p. 288
1913	Algoasaurus bauri Schwarz p. 264
1914	Algoasaurus bauri Schwarz p. 41
1915	Algoasaurus Broom p. 162
1915	Algoasaurus bauri Broom p. 162
1917	Cetiosaurus leedsi Moodie p. 390
1924	Cetiosaurus leedsi Lull p. 234
1927	Cetiosauriscus leedsi Huene p. 122
1927	Bothriospondylus madagascariensis Huene p. 446
1927	Cetiosauriscus leedsi Huene p. 454
1928	Bothriospondylus madagascariensis Haughton p. 71
1932	Algoasaurus Stromer p. 7
1932	Cetiosauriscus leedsi Stromer p. 9
1934	Cetiosaurus leedsi Swinton p. 33
1939	Cetiosauriscus leedsi Kuhn p. 85
1943	Bothriospondylus madagascariensis Lapparent p. 12
1946	Algoasaurus Gilmore p. 30
1948	Bothriospondylus madagascariensis Cabrera p. 38
1956	Ornithopsis leedsi Leeds p. 35
1956	Algoasaurus Romer p. 622
1957	Algoasaurus bauri Lapparent p. 110
1957	Bothriospondylus madagascariensis Lavocat p. 363
1960	Ornithopsis leedsi Delair p. 83
1963	Bothriospondylus madagascariensis Furon p. 359
1964	Algoasaurus Tatarinov p. 552
1966	Algoasaurus Romer p. 370
1967	Bothriospondylus madagascariensis Lapparent p. 10
1968	Bothriospondylus madagascariensis de Ricqlès p. 164
1970	Ornithopsis leedsi Macfadyen p. 127
1970	Cetiosaurus leedsi Steel p. 64
1970	Bothriospondylus madagascariensis Steel p. 67
1970	Algoasaurus Steel p. 75
1970	Algoasaurus bauri Steel p. 75
1970	Cetiosaurus leedsi Swinton pp. 168-169
1975	Bothriospondylus madagascariensis Ogier p. 3–4
1976	Algoasaurus bauri McLachlan and McMillan p. 204
1977	Bothriospondylus madagascariensis Taquet p. 328
1978	Bothriospondylus madagascariensis Ingavat and Taquet pp. SP1-2
1979	Bothriospondylus madagascariensis Jain et al. p. 206
1979	Cetiosaurus leedsi Jain et al. p. 206
1980	Bothriospondylus madagascariensis Molnar p. 136
1980	Algoasaurus Molnar p. 138
1983	Cetiosaurus leedsi Galton pp. 2-3
1983	Algoasaurus Rich et al. p. 285–287
1983	Algoasaurus bauri Rich et al. p. 285
1983	Bothriospondylus madagascariensis Rich et al. p. 287 fig. 9
1984	Bothriospondylus madagascariensis Taquet p. 79
1985	Algoasaurus Rich and Rich p. 647
1985	Algoasaurus bauri Rich and Rich p. 647
1986	Bothriospondylus madagascariensis Bonaparte p. 251
1986	Bothriospondylus madagascariensis Sanz p. 85
1987	Algosaurus Casanovas et al. p. 98
1987	Cetiosaurus leedsi Sanz et al. p. 59
1987	Bothriospondylus madagascariensis Sanz et al. p. 60
1988	Algoasaurus Carroll
1988	Ornithopsis leedsi Martill p. 184
1991	Bothriospondylus madagascariensis Buffetaut et al. p. 25
1992	Algoasaurus Molnar p. 266
1992	Algoasaurus bauri Molnar p. 266
1993	Bothriospondylus madagascariensis Martin et al. p. 422
1993	Bothriospondylus madagascariensis Salgado p. 268
1994	Ornithopsis leedsi Brokenshire and Clarke p. 178
1995	Eusauropoda Upchurch p. 253
1996	Algoasaurus Jacobs et al. p. 604
1997	Algoasaurus bauri Chinsamy p. 677
1997	Bothriospondylus madagascariensis Currie and Padian p. 369
1997	Bothriospondylus madagascariensis Erickson p. 5
1997	Eusauropoda Salgado et al. p. 7
1997	Eusauropoda Sereno p. 444
1998	Eusauropoda Sereno p. 63
1998	Eusauropoda Wilson and Sereno p. 31
1999	Eusauropoda Sereno p. 2138 fig. 2
1999	Eusauropoda Sereno et al. p. 1346 fig. 4
2000	Pelorosaurus leedsii Olshevsky p. 123
2002	Eusauropoda Wilson p. 240 fig. 13
2003	Algoasaurus bauri Carvalho et al. p. 709
2004	Eusauropoda Upchurch et al. p. 262
2005	Cetiosaurus leedsi Apesteguía p. 323 fig. 15.1
2006	Bothriospondylus madagascariensis Flynn et al. p. 478
2006	Eusauropoda Royo-Torres et al. p. 1926 fig. 3
2007	Eusauropoda Smith and Pol p. 668 fig. 7
2007	Eusauropoda Sánchez-Hernández et al. p. 196
2007	Eusauropoda Upchurch et al. p. 62 fig. 3
2008	Eusauropoda Allain and Aquesbi p. 404
2009	Algoasaurus bauri Forster et al. p. 283
2010	Eusauropoda Bandyopadhyay et al. pp. 562-563 fig. 17
2010	Eusauropoda Suteethorn et al.
2010	Eusauropoda Yates p. 750
2012	Algoasaurus bauri Galton and Molnar p. 17
2012	Algoasaurus bauri Ibiricu et al. p. 230
2015	Eusauropoda Xing et al.
2019	Ornithopsis leedsi Raveloson et al. p. 1
2020	Eusauropoda Rauhut et al.
2021	Cetiosaurus leedsi Apesteguía et al.

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Deuterostomia
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1874
subphylum	Vertebrata
superclass	Gnathostomata
—	Osteichthyes	()
subclass	Sarcopterygii	()
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha	(Nelson 2006)
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha	()
—	Tetrapoda
—	Reptiliomorpha
—	Anthracosauria
subclass	Amphibiosauria	Kuhn 1967
—	Cotylosauria	()
—	Amniota
—	Sauropsida
class	Reptilia
subclass	Eureptilia	()
—	Romeriida

Rank	Name	Author
—	Diapsida	()
—	Archosauromorpha	(Huene 1946)
—	Crocopoda
—	Archosauriformes	Gauthier 1986
—	Eucrocopoda
—	Archosauria	()
informal	Avemetatarsalia
—	Ornithodira
—	Dinosauromorpha
—	Dinosauriformes
—	Dinosauria	()
—	Saurischia	()
—	Eusaurischia
—	Sauropodomorpha	(Huene 1932)
—	Massopoda
—	Sauropodiformes
—	Sauropoda	()
—	Gravisauria
—	Eusauropoda
—	Eusauropoda

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Unr. †Eusauropoda Upchurch 1995

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G. †Amanzia Schwarz et al. 2020

†Amanzia greppini Huene 1922

G. †Bagualia Pol et al. 2020

†Bagualia alba Pol et al. 2020

G. †Cardiodon Owen 1841

†Cardiodon rugulosus Owen 1844

Fm. †Cetiosauridae Lydekker 1888 [cetiosaurid]

G. †Chebsaurus Mahammed et al. 2005

†Chebsaurus algeriensis Mahammed et al. 2005

G. †Protognathosaurus Olshevsky 1991 [first jaw lizard]

†Protognathosaurus oxyodon Zhang 1988

Invalid names: Protognathus Zhang 1988 [replaced]

Invalid names: Cardiodontidae Lydekker 1895 [objective synonym], Cardiodontinae Huene 1927 [empty], Cetiosaurinae Kuhn 1939 [empty], Shunosaurinae McIntosh 1990 [empty]

G. †Cetiosauriscus Huene 1927

†Cetiosauriscus stewarti Charig 1980

G. †Datousaurus Dong and Tang 1984

†Datousaurus bashanensis Dong and Tang 1984

G. †Dystrophaeus Cope 1877

†Dystrophaeus viaemalae Cope 1877

G. †Ferganasaurus Alifanov and Averianov 2003

†Ferganasaurus verzilini Alifanov and Averianov 2003

G. †Haestasaurus Upchurch et al. 2015

†Haestasaurus becklesii Mantell 1852

G. †Janenschia Wild 1991

†Janenschia robusta Fraas 1908

G. †Jobaria Sereno et al. 1999

†Jobaria tiguidensis Sereno et al. 1999

G. †Lapparentosaurus Bonaparte 1986

†Lapparentosaurus madagascariensis Bonaparte 1986

Unr. †Mamenchisauridae Chao 1965 [mamenchisaurid]

G. †Abrosaurus Ouyang 1989

†Abrosaurus dongpoensis Ouyang 1989

G. †Analong Ren et al. 2021

†Analong chuanjieensis Ren et al. 2021

G. †Anhuilong Ren et al. 2018

†Anhuilong diboensis Ren et al. 2018

G. †Bellusaurus Dong 1990

†Bellusaurus sui Dong 1990

G. †Chuanjiesaurus Fang et al. 2000

†Chuanjiesaurus anaensis Fang et al. 2000

G. †Daanosaurus Ye et al. 2005

†Daanosaurus zhangi Ye et al. 2005

G. †Eomamenchisaurus Lü et al. 2008

†Eomamenchisaurus yuanmouensis Lü et al. 2008

G. †Huangshanlong Huang et al. 2014

†Huangshanlong anhuiensis Huang et al. 2014

G. †Hudiesaurus Dong 1997

†Hudiesaurus sinojapanorum Dong 1997

G. †Klamelisaurus Zhao 1993

†Klamelisaurus gobiensis Zhao 1993

G. †Mamenchisaurus Young 1954

†Mamenchisaurus anyuensis He et al. 1996

†Mamenchisaurus constructus Young 1954

†Mamenchisaurus gongjianensis

†Mamenchisaurus hochuanensis Chao 1965

†Mamenchisaurus jingyanensis Zhang et al. 1998

†Mamenchisaurus sinocanadorum Russell and Zheng 1994

†Mamenchisaurus youngi Pi et al. 1996

G. †Omeisaurus Young 1939

†Omeisaurus changshouensis Young 1958

†Omeisaurus fuxiensis Dong et al. 1983

†Omeisaurus jiaoi Jiang et al. 2011

†Omeisaurus junghsiensis Young 1939

†Omeisaurus luoquanensis Li 1988

†Omeisaurus maoianus Tang et al. 2001

†Omeisaurus puxiani Tan et al. 2020

†Omeisaurus tianfuensis He et al. 1984

G. †Qijianglong Xing et al. 2015

†Qijianglong guokr Xing et al. 2015

G. †Rhomaleopakhus Upchurch et al. 2021

†Rhomaleopakhus turpanensis Upchurch et al. 2021

G. †Tienshanosaurus Young 1937

Invalid names: Tienshanosaurus chitaiensis Young 1937 [nomen dubium]

G. †Tonganosaurus Li et al. 2010

†Tonganosaurus hei Li et al. 2010

G. †Wamweracaudia Mannion et al. 2019

†Wamweracaudia keranjei Mannion et al. 2019

G. †Xinjiangtitan Wu et al. 2013

†Xinjiangtitan shanshanesis Wu et al. 2013

G. †Yuanmousaurus Lü et al. 2006

†Yuanmousaurus jiangyiensis Lü et al. 2006

G. †Zigongosaurus Hou et al. 1976

Invalid names: Omeisauridae Wilson 2002 [synonym]

G. †Nebulasaurus Xing et al. 2015

†Nebulasaurus taito Xing et al. 2015

Unr. †Neosauropoda Bonaparte 1986

G. †Archaeodontosaurus Buffetaut 2005

†Archaeodontosaurus descouensi Buffetaut 2005

Unr. †Diplodocoidea Upchurch 1995

G. †Amphicoelias Cope 1877

†Amphicoelias altus Cope 1877

†Amphicoelias brontodiplodocus Galiano and Albersdörfer 2010

Unr. †Diplodocimorpha Calvo and Salgado 1995

Unr. †Flagellicaudata Harris and Dodson 2004

Unr. †Dicraeosauridae Huene 1927 [dicraeosaurid]

Unr. †Diplodocidae Marsh 1884 [diplodocid]

Invalid names: Diplodocus lacustris Marsh 1884 [nomen dubium]

Unr. †Rebbachisauridae Bonaparte 1997

G. †Agustinia Bonaparte 1999

G. †Amazonsaurus Carvalho et al. 2003

G. †Comahuesaurus Carballido et al. 2012

G. †Histriasaurus Dalla Vecchia 1998

G. †Katepensaurus Ibiricu et al. 2013

Unr. †Khebbashia Fanti et al. 2015

G. †Lavocatisaurus Canudo et al. 2018

G. †Maraapunisaurus Carpenter 2018

G. †Rayososaurus Bonaparte 1996

G. †Xenoposeidon Taylor and Naish 2007

G. †Zapalasaurus Salgado et al. 2006

Invalid names: Rebbachisaurus tamesnensis Lapparent 1957 [nomen dubium]

G. †Haplocanthosaurus Hatcher 1903

†Haplocanthosaurus delfsi McIntosh and Williams 1988

†Haplocanthosaurus priscus Hatcher 1903

Invalid names: Haplocanthosaurus utterbacki Hatcher 1903 [synonym]

Invalid names: Haplocanthus Hatcher 1903 [synonym]

Invalid names: Cetiosaurus glymptonensis Phillips 1871 [nomen dubium], Rebbachisauroidea Apesteguía 2007 [synonym]

Unr. †Macronaria Sereno 1997

G. †Aragosaurus Sanz et al. 1987

†Aragosaurus ischiaticus Sanz et al. 1987

G. †Atlasaurus Monbaron et al. 1999

†Atlasaurus imelakei Monbaron et al. 1999

Unr. †Camarasauromorpha Salgado et al. 1997

Fm. †Camarasauridae Cope 1877 [camarasaurid]

G. †Camarasaurus Cope 1877

Invalid names: Cathetosaurus Jensen 1988 [synonym], Caulodon Cope 1877 [synonym], Morosaurus Marsh 1878 [synonym], Uintasaurus Holland 1919 [synonym]

G. †Lourinhasaurus Dantas et al. 1998

Invalid names: Helopodinae Huene 1932 [empty]

G. †Europasaurus Sander et al. 2006

†Europasaurus holgeri Sander et al. 2006

G. †Tehuelchesaurus Rich et al. 1999

†Tehuelchesaurus benitezii Rich et al. 1999

Invalid names: Brachiosauria Upchurch 1997 [synonym]

G. †Dashanpusaurus Peng et al. 2005

†Dashanpusaurus dongi Peng et al. 2005

G. †Galveosaurus Sánchez-Hernández 2005

Unr. †Titanosauriformes Salgado et al. 1997

Fm. †Brachiosauridae Riggs 1904 [brachiosaurid]

G. †Abydosaurus Chure et al. 2010

G. †Brachiosaurus Riggs 1903

G. †Cedarosaurus Tidwell et al. 1999

G. †Galvesaurus Barco et al. 2005 [Galve lizard]

G. †Giraffatitan Paul 1988

G. †Lusotitan Antunes and Mateus 2003

G. †Sonorasaurus Ratkevich 1998

G. †Soriatitan Royo-Torres et al. 2017

G. †Venenosaurus Tidwell et al. 2001

G. †Vouivria Mannion et al. 2017

Invalid names: Astrodontidae Huene 1932 [synonym], Bellusaurinae Dong 1990 [empty], Brachiosaurinae Huene 1927 [empty], Camarasaurinae Nopcsa 1928 [empty], Euhelopodinae Romer 1956 [empty], Klamelisaurinae Zhao 1993 [empty], Ornithopsis eucamerotus Hulke 1882 [nomen dubium], Pleurocoelidae Marsh 1888 [synonym]

G. †Duriatitan Barrett et al. 2010

†Duriatitan humerocristatus Lydekker 1888

G. †Fukuititan Azuma and Shibata 2010

†Fukuititan nipponensis Azuma and Shibata 2010

G. †Fushanosaurus Wang et al. 2019

†Fushanosaurus qitaiensis Wang et al. 2019

G. †Fusuisaurus Mo et al. 2006

†Fusuisaurus zhaoi Mo et al. 2006

G. †Liaoningotitan Zhou et al. 2018

†Liaoningotitan sinensis Zhou et al. 2018

G. †Occitanopodus Moreau et al. 2020

†Occitanopodus gandi Moreau et al. 2020

G. †Oceanotitan Mocho et al. 2019

†Oceanotitan dantasi Mocho et al. 2019

G. †Ornithopsis Seeley 1870

†Ornithopsis hulkei Seeley 1870

Invalid names: Bothriospondylus magnus Owen 1875 [objective synonym]

G. †Pelorosaurus Mantell 1850

†Pelorosaurus conybeari Melville 1849

†Pelorosaurus praecursor Sauvage 1876

Unr. †Somphospondyli Wilson and Sereno 1998

G. †Abdarainurus Averianov and Lopatin 2020

G. †Angolatitan Mateus et al. 2011

G. †Astrophocaudia D'Emic 2013

G. †Australodocus Remes 2007

G. †Austrosaurus Longman 1933

G. †Brontomerus Taylor et al. 2011

G. †Chubutisaurus del Corro 1975

G. †Dongbeititan Wang et al. 2007

Unr. †Euhelopodidae Romer 1956 [euhelopodid]

G. †Europatitan Torcida Fernández-Baldor et al. 2017

G. †Gannansaurus Lü et al. 2013

G. †Huanghetitan You et al. 2006

G. †Jiangshanosaurus Tang et al. 2001

G. †Ligabuesaurus Bonaparte et al. 2006

G. †Liubangosaurus Mo et al. 2010

G. †Padillasaurus Carballido et al. 2015

G. †Ruixinia Mo et al. 2023

G. †Sauroposeidon Wedel et al. 2000

Invalid names: Paluxysaurus Rose 2007 [synonym]

G. †Sibirotitan Averianov et al. 2018

G. †Sonidosaurus Xu et al. 2006

G. †Tastavinsaurus Canudo et al. 2008

Unr. †Titanosauria Bonaparte and Coria 1993

G. †Triunfosaurus Carvalho et al. 2017

G. †Wintonotitan Hocknull et al. 2009

G. †Yunmenglong Lü et al. 2013

Invalid names: Arkharavia Alifanov and Bolotsky 2010 [nomen dubium], Arkharavia heterocoelica Alifanov and Bolotsky 2010 [nomen dubium], Huanghetitan ruyangensis Lü et al. 2007 [nomen dubium]

G. †Titanosaurimanus Dalla Vecchia and Tarlao 2000

†Titanosaurimanus nana Dalla Vecchia and Tarlao 2000

Invalid names: Brohisaurus Malkani 2003 [nomen dubium], Brohisaurus kirthari Malkani 2003 [nomen dubium], Eucamerotus Hulke 1871 [nomen dubium], Huanghetitanidae Lü et al. 2007 [empty], Iuticosaurus Le Loeuff 1993 [nomen dubium], Iuticosaurus valdensis Huene 1929 [nomen dubium], Jiutaisaurus Wu et al. 2006 [nomen dubium], Jiutaisaurus xidiensis Wu et al. 2006 [nomen dubium], Laurasiformes Royo-Torres 2009 [empty], Macrurosaurus Seeley 1869 [nomen dubium], Macrurosaurus semnus Seeley 1869 [nomen dubium], Pleurocoelus Marsh 1888 [nomen dubium], Pukyongosaurus Dong et al. 2001 [nomen dubium], Pukyongosaurus millenniumi Dong et al. 2001 [nomen dubium], Rugocaudia Woodruff 2012 [nomen dubium], Rugocaudia cooneyi Woodruff 2012 [nomen dubium]

G. †Yuzhoulong Dai et al. 2022

†Yuzhoulong qurenensis Dai et al. 2022

Invalid names: Apatosaurus minimus Mook 1917 [nomen dubium], Astrodon Johnston 1859 [nomen dubium], Bothriospondylus robustus Owen 1875 [nomen dubium], Dinodocus Owen 1884 [nomen dubium], Dinodocus mackesoni Owen 1884 [nomen dubium], Titanomorpha Sereno 1997 [empty]

G. †Oobardjidama Salisbury et al. 2016

†Oobardjidama foulkesi Salisbury et al. 2016

Superfm. †Titanosauroidea Upchurch 1995

Invalid names: Epachthosaurinae Salgado 2003 [empty]

Invalid names: Bothriospondylus Owen 1875 [nomen dubium], Bothriospondylus suffossus Owen 1875 [nomen dubium], Ischyrosaurus Hulke 1874 [nomen dubium], Ischyrosaurus manseli Lydekker 1888 [nomen dubium]

G. †Perijasaurus Rincón et al. 2022

†Perijasaurus lapaz Rincón et al. 2022

G. †Rhoetosaurus Longman 1926

†Rhoetosaurus brownei Longman 1926

G. †Shunosaurus Dong et al. 1983

†Shunosaurus lii Dong et al. 1983

Unr. †Turiasauria Royo-Torres et al. 2006

G. †Losillasaurus Casanovas et al. 2001

†Losillasaurus giganteus Casanovas et al. 2001

G. †Mierasaurus Royo-Torres et al. 2017

†Mierasaurus bobyoungi Royo-Torres et al. 2017

G. †Moabosaurus Britt et al. 2017

†Moabosaurus utahensis Britt et al. 2017

G. †Narindasaurus Royo-Torres et al. 2021

†Narindasaurus thevenini Royo-Torres et al. 2021

G. †Tendaguria Bonaparte et al. 2000

†Tendaguria tanzaniensis Bonaparte et al. 2000

G. †Turiasaurus Royo-Torres et al. 2006

†Turiasaurus riodevensis Royo-Torres et al. 2006

G. †Zby Mateus et al. 2014

†Zby atlanticus Mateus et al. 2014

Invalid names: Algoasaurus Broom 1904 [nomen dubium], Algoasaurus bauri Broom 1904 [nomen dubium], Bothriospondylus madagascariensis Lydekker 1895 [nomen dubium], Ornithopsis leedsi Hulke 1887 [nomen dubium], Ornithopsis leedsii Hulke 1887 [nomen dubium]

Diagnosis

Reference	Diagnosis
L. Salgado et al. 1997	Anterior trochanter of femur absent. Anteroposterior diameter of distal end of tibia subequal/greater than distal width.
R. Allain and N. Aquesbi 2008	Thus, 16 unambiguous synapomorphies diagnose this clade: the anteroposterior length of the frontal which is less than its minimum transverse breadth; a long anterior process of the quadratojugal; the presence of a quadrate fossa; a dorsoventrally expanded prearticular; the U-shaped anterior portion of the tooth rows; the reduced number of phalanges of the manual digit II; the S-shaped pubic symphysis; the reduced femoral fourth trochanter, the laterally projected tibial cnemial crest; the spreading posture of the metatarsus; the length of the metatarsal III which is less than 25% that of the tibia; the broader transversely than long proximodistally proximal pedal phalanges; the shallow or absent collateral ligament fossae on the non-ungual pedal phalanges; the rudimentary penultimate phalanges of the pedal digits II-IV; the sickle-shaped unguals of the pedal digits II-III; and the rudimentary pedal digit IV ungual.

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

hydroxyapatiteinfrao

Entire body:

yesinfrao

Adult length:

10 to < 100infrao

Adult width:

10 to < 100infrao

Adult height:

10 to < 100infrao

Maximum body mass:

100000 kgg

Minimum body mass:

300 kgg

Thickness:

thickinfrao

Architecture:

compact or denseinfrao

Form:

sphericalinfrao

Ontogeny:

accretion, modification of partsinfrao

Grouping:

gregariousinfrao

Environment:

terrestrialinfrao

Locomotion:

actively mobileinfrao

Life habit:

ground dwellinginfrao

Diet:

herbivoreinfrao

Reproduction:

oviparousinfrao

Dispersal:

direct/internalinfrao

Dispersal 2:

mobileinfrao

Created:

2004-12-14 12:49:10

Modified:

2004-12-14 14:49:10

Source: g = genus, infrao = infraorder

References: Marsh 1875, Peczkis 1995

Age range: base of the Rhaetian to the top of the Late/Upper Maastrichtian or 208.50000 to 66.00000 Ma

Collections (1486 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Oldest occurrences
Rhaetian	208.5 - 201.3	Belgium (Gaume)	Eusauropoda indet. (68882)
Early/Lower Jurassic	201.3 - 174.1	Morocco (Khénifra)	Eusauropoda indet. (191928)
Early/Lower Jurassic	201.3 - 174.1	China (Sichuan)	Tonganosaurus hei (74735)
Jurassic	201.3 - 145.0	United Kingdom (England)	Cetiosauridae indet. (83122)
Toarcian - Bajocian	182.7 - 168.3	China (Sichuan)	Cetiosauridae indet. (227430)
Middle Toarcian	182.0 - 175.6	Argentina (Chubut)	Eusauropoda indet. (109131)
Middle Toarcian - Late/Upper Toarcian	182.0 - 175.6	Argentina (Chubut)	Titanosauriformes indet. (67434)
Late/Upper Toarcian - Early/Lower Aalenian	180.1 - 171.6	Colombia	Sauropoda indet. (34727)
Late/Upper Toarcian - Bajocian	180.1 - 168.3	China (Ningxia)	Lingwulong shenqi (195171)
Aalenian	174.1 - 170.3	United Kingdom (England)	Eusauropoda indet. (170146)
Youngest occurrences
Time interval	Ma	Country or state	PBDB collection number
Late/Upper Maastrichtian	70.6 - 66.0	Romania (Alba)	Titanosauridae indet. (115001)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian	70.6 - 66.0	Romania (Hunedoara)	Megaloolithidae indet. (193944) Megaloolithus siruguei (27894) Megaloolithus siruguei, Paludititan sp., Titanosauridae indet. (26369) Titanosauria indet. (14454 219186 221769 221784) Titanosauria indet., Megaloolithidae indet. (138826)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian	70.6 - 66.0	Russian Federation (Amur)	Arkharavia heterocoelica (38134)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian	70.6 - 66.0	Spain (Cataluña)	Megaloolithus aureliensis, Megaloolithus petralta (36725) Megaloolithus mamillare (61380 169875 183093 226202) Megaloolithus mamillare, Hypselosaurus sp., Titanosauridae indet. (36381) Megaloolithus sp. (167946 171123) Sauropoda indet. (169298) Titanosauria indet. (148950 169322 169450 219381 224901) Titanosauridae indet., Megaloolithus mammilare (38893)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian	70.6 - 66.0	USA (Texas)	Alamosaurus sanjuanensis (52087 52090 52091 61847 85189 85191 165562) Alamosaurus sp. (165198) Lithostrotia indet. (164702 164703) Titanosauria indet. (224287) Titanosauridae indet. (156122)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian	70.6 - 66.0	Morocco (Khouribga)	Titanosauriformes indet. (45553)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian	70.6 - 66.0	Morocco (Fes-Boulmane)	Megaloolithus maghrebiensis, Pseudomegaloolithus atlasi (206442)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian	70.6 - 66.0	Brazil (Goiás)	Titanosauria indet. (225047) Titanosauria indet., Titanosauriformes indet. (225046)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian	70.6 - 66.0	India (Tamil Nadu)	Camarasauridae indet. (71480) Titanosauridae indet. (53922)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian	70.6 - 66.0	USA (Utah)	Alamosaurus sanjuanensis (45721 45722) Sauropoda indet. (45718)