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Malawisaurus dixeyi
Taxonomy
Gigantosaurus dixeyi was named by Haughton (1928). Its type specimen is SAM 7405, a partial skeleton, and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Mwakasyunguti, which is in an Aptian fluvial-lacustrine sandstone in the Dinosaur Beds Formation of Malawi. It was considered monophyletic by Gomani (2005).
It was recombined as Tornieria dixeyi by Sternfeld (1911), Stromer (1932), Kuhn (1939), Lavocat (1954), Swinton (1970), Steel (1970) and McIntosh (1990); it was recombined as Malawisaurus dixeyi by Jacobs et al. (1993), Jacobs et al. (1996), Calvo and Salgado (1996), Salgado and Calvo (1997), Salgado et al. (1997), Prasad and Sahni (1999), Wilson (2002), Salgado (2003), Calvo and González Riga (2003), Upchurch et al. (2004), Gomani (2005), Apesteguía (2005), Campos et al. (2005), Curry Rogers (2005), Kellner et al. (2006), Medeiros et al. (2007), Castro et al. (2007), Calvo et al. (2007), Filippi and Garrido (2008), Lopes and Buchmann (2008), Zhang et al. (2009), González Riga et al. (2009), García et al. (2010), Casal and Ibiricu (2010), Grellet-Tinner et al. (2011), Díez Díaz et al. (2011), Navarrete et al. (2011), D'Emic (2012), Díez Díaz et al. (2012), Mocho et al. (2014), García et al. (2015), Silva Junior et al. (2017), Gorscak et al. (2017), Simón et al. (2018), Gallina et al. (2021) and Navarro et al. (2022).
It was recombined as Tornieria dixeyi by Sternfeld (1911), Stromer (1932), Kuhn (1939), Lavocat (1954), Swinton (1970), Steel (1970) and McIntosh (1990); it was recombined as Malawisaurus dixeyi by Jacobs et al. (1993), Jacobs et al. (1996), Calvo and Salgado (1996), Salgado and Calvo (1997), Salgado et al. (1997), Prasad and Sahni (1999), Wilson (2002), Salgado (2003), Calvo and González Riga (2003), Upchurch et al. (2004), Gomani (2005), Apesteguía (2005), Campos et al. (2005), Curry Rogers (2005), Kellner et al. (2006), Medeiros et al. (2007), Castro et al. (2007), Calvo et al. (2007), Filippi and Garrido (2008), Lopes and Buchmann (2008), Zhang et al. (2009), González Riga et al. (2009), García et al. (2010), Casal and Ibiricu (2010), Grellet-Tinner et al. (2011), Díez Díaz et al. (2011), Navarrete et al. (2011), D'Emic (2012), Díez Díaz et al. (2012), Mocho et al. (2014), García et al. (2015), Silva Junior et al. (2017), Gorscak et al. (2017), Simón et al. (2018), Gallina et al. (2021) and Navarro et al. (2022).
Synonymy list
Year | Name and author |
---|---|
1911 | Tornieria dixeyi Sternfeld |
1928 | Gigantosaurus dixeyi Haughton pp. 70-72 |
1932 | Tornieria dixeyi Stromer p. 7 |
1939 | Tornieria dixeyi Kuhn p. 87 |
1954 | Tornieria dixeyi Lavocat |
1970 | Tornieria dixeyi Steel p. 78 |
1970 | Tornieria dixeyi Swinton p. 184 |
1990 | Tornieria dixeyi McIntosh p. 352 |
1993 | Malawisaurus dixeyi Jacobs et al. p. 525 |
1996 | Malawisaurus dixeyi Calvo and Salgado p. 392 |
1996 | Malawisaurus dixeyi Jacobs et al. p. 599 |
1997 | Tornieria dixeya Chinsamy p. 677 |
1997 | Malawisaurus dixeyi Salgado and Calvo pp. 37-38 |
1997 | Malawisaurus dixeyi Salgado et al. p. 5 |
1999 | Malawisaurus dixeyi Prasad and Sahni p. 382 |
2002 | Malawisaurus dixeyi Wilson p. 274 |
2003 | Malawisaurus dixeyi Calvo and González Riga |
2003 | Malawisaurus dixeyi Salgado p. 442 |
2004 | Malawisaurus dixeyi Upchurch et al. p. 269 |
2005 | Malawisaurus dixeyi Apesteguía p. 253 fig. 12.2 |
2005 | Malawisaurus dixeyi Campos et al. p. 569 |
2005 | Malawisaurus dixeyi Curry Rogers p. 66 |
2005 | Malawisaurus dixeyi Gomani pp. 2-3 |
2006 | Malawisaurus dixeyi Kellner et al. p. 2 |
2007 | Malawisaurus dixeyi Calvo et al. p. 530 |
2007 | Malawisaurus dixeyi Castro et al. p. 198 |
2007 | Malawisaurus dixeyi Medeiros et al. p. 418 |
2008 | Malawisaurus dixeyi Filippi and Garrido p. 583 |
2008 | Malawisaurus dixeyi Lopes and Buchmann p. 70 |
2009 | Malawisaurus dixeyi González Riga et al. p. 141 |
2009 | Malawisaurus dixeyi Zhang et al. p. 220 |
2010 | Malawisaurus dixeyi Casal and Ibiricu p. 253 |
2010 | Malawisaurus dixeyi García et al. p. 415 |
2011 | Malawisaurus dixeyi Díez Díaz et al. p. 522 |
2011 | Malawisaurus dixeyi Grellet-Tinner et al. p. 626 |
2011 | Malawisaurus dixeyi Navarrete et al. p. 8 |
2012 | Malawisaurus dixeyi D'Emic |
2012 | Malawisaurus dixeyi Díez Díaz et al. p. 265 |
2014 | Malawisaurus dixeyi Mocho et al. |
2015 | Malawisaurus dixei Cerda et al. p. 2 |
2015 | Malawisaurus dixeyi García et al. p. 41 |
2017 | Malawisaurus dixeyi Gorscak et al. p. 2 |
2017 | Malawisaurus dixeyi Silva Junior et al. p. 25 |
2018 | Malawisaurus dixeyi Simón et al. p. 7 |
2021 | Malawisaurus dixeyi Gallina et al. p. 36 |
2022 | Malawisaurus dixeyi Navarro et al. p. 327 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
†Malawisaurus dixeyi Haughton 1928
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Diagnosis
Reference | Diagnosis | |
---|---|---|
E. M. Gomani 2005 | Malawisaurus is characterized by high-angled premaxillae; posteriorly broad, angled infratemporal fenestrae; short and divergent basipterygoid processes; dentary with 15 alveoli that extend two thirds the length of the element; thin splenial with a spenial foramen; broad but not spoon-shaped teeth with high-angled wear facets; undivided cervical neural spines and pleurocoels; cervical prezygapophyses extend beyond the anterior end of the centrum; presence of pre- and post-spinal laminae in distal cervicals; ribs in proximal and middle cervicals extend beyond the end of the succeeding centrum; elongate, eye-shaped pleurocoels on dorsal vertebrae; infradiapophyseal laminae of distal dorsals not forked; six sacral vertebrae; sacral neural spines fused into a dorsal plate that overhangs the neural arches; strongly procoelous proximal but platycoelous middle and distal caudals; proximal caudals with well-developed pre-spinal and post-spinal laminae; at least five V-shaped middle chevrons; and metacarpals with distal articular facets. |