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Titanosauriformes
Taxonomy
Titanosauriformes was named by Salgado et al. (1997).
It was assigned to Sauropoda by Martínez et al. (2004); to Camarasauromorpha by Salgado et al. (1997), Upchurch et al. (2004), Salgado and Coria (2005) and Royo-Torres et al. (2006); to Neosauropoda by Casal et al. (2007), Sánchez-Hernández et al. (2007) and Ibiricu et al. (2017); to Eusauropoda by Paulina-Carabajal et al. (2021); to Macronaria by Sereno (1998), Wilson and Sereno (1998), Sereno (1999), Smith et al. (2001), Wilson (2002), Apesteguía (2005), Apesteguía (2005), Royo-Torres et al. (2007), Rose (2007), Allain and Aquesbi (2008), Wilson and Upchurch (2009), Suteethorn et al. (2010), D'Emic (2013), Xing et al. (2015), Gasparini et al. (2015) and Apesteguía et al. (2021); and to Sauropoda by Novas et al. (2005), Lacovara et al. (2014), Novas et al. (2019) and Lim et al. (2023).
It was assigned to Sauropoda by Martínez et al. (2004); to Camarasauromorpha by Salgado et al. (1997), Upchurch et al. (2004), Salgado and Coria (2005) and Royo-Torres et al. (2006); to Neosauropoda by Casal et al. (2007), Sánchez-Hernández et al. (2007) and Ibiricu et al. (2017); to Eusauropoda by Paulina-Carabajal et al. (2021); to Macronaria by Sereno (1998), Wilson and Sereno (1998), Sereno (1999), Smith et al. (2001), Wilson (2002), Apesteguía (2005), Apesteguía (2005), Royo-Torres et al. (2007), Rose (2007), Allain and Aquesbi (2008), Wilson and Upchurch (2009), Suteethorn et al. (2010), D'Emic (2013), Xing et al. (2015), Gasparini et al. (2015) and Apesteguía et al. (2021); and to Sauropoda by Novas et al. (2005), Lacovara et al. (2014), Novas et al. (2019) and Lim et al. (2023).
Subtaxa
Brachiosauridae (syn. Astrodontidae, Pleurocoelidae), Brohisaurus, Brohisaurus kirthari, Duriatitan, Eucamerotus, Fukuititan, Fushanosaurus, Fusuisaurus, Huanghetitanidae, Iuticosaurus, Iuticosaurus valdensis, Jiutaisaurus, Jiutaisaurus xidiensis, Laurasiformes, Liaoningotitan, Macrurosaurus, Macrurosaurus semnus, Occitanopodus, Oceanotitan, Ornithopsis, Pelorosaurus, Pleurocoelus, Pukyongosaurus, Pukyongosaurus millenniumi, Rugocaudia, Rugocaudia cooneyi, Somphospondyli, Titanosaurimanus
Synonyms
Synonymy list
Year | Name and author |
---|---|
1869 | Macrurosaurus Seeley pp. xvii, 45 |
1869 | Macrurosaurus semnus Seeley p. xvii |
1871 | Eucamerotus Hulke p. 36 |
1875 | Macrurosaurus semnus Jukes-Browne p. 311 |
1876 | Macrurosaurus semnus Seeley p. 444 figs. 1-2 |
1879 | Macrurosaurus semnus Lydekker p. 25 |
1882 | Macrurosaurus semnus Sauvage p. 30 |
1882 | Eucamerotus Sauvage p. 35 |
1884 | Eucamerotus Dollo p. 298 |
1884 | Eucamerotus Marsh p. 68 |
1885 | Eucamerotus Marsh p. 764 |
1888 | Macrurosaurus Lydekker p. 153 |
1888 | Macrurosaurus semnus Lydekker p. 153 |
1888 | Pleurocoelus Marsh |
1890 | Macrurosaurus semnus Woodward and Sherborn p. 248 |
1890 | Pleurocoelus Zittel p. 714 |
1890 | Macrurosaurus Zittel p. 717 |
1895 | Eucamerotus Marsh |
1895 | Pleurocoelus Marsh |
1896 | Pleurocoelus Marsh p. 242 |
1896 | Pleurocoelus Sauvage p. 47 |
1898 | Pleurocoelus Marsh p. 158 |
1898 | Pleurocoelus Sauvage p. 8 |
1900 | Macrurosaurus Van Den Broeck p. 101 |
1900 | Macrurosaurus semnus Van Den Broeck p. 101 |
1900 | Pleorocoelus Walcott p. 23 |
1901 | Macrurosaurus Nopcsa p. 205 |
1901 | Macrurosaurus semnus Nopcsa p. 205 |
1901 | Pleurocoelus Nopcsa p. 206 |
1902 | Pleurocoelus Hay p. 483 |
1904 | Macrurosaurus semnus Lydekker p. 61 |
1908 | Pleurocoelus Huene p. 297 |
1909 | Pleurocoelus Huene p. 14 |
1909 | Macrurosaurus Huene p. 17 |
1911 | Pleurocoelus Lull p. 177 |
1911 | Eucamerotus von Zittel p. 287 |
1911 | Pleurocoelus von Zittel p. 287 |
1924 | Pleurocoelus Lull p. 235 |
1927 | Pleurocoelus Huene p. 123 |
1927 | Macrurosaurus Huene p. 126 |
1927 | Macrurosaurus semnus Huene p. 271 |
1927 | Pleurocoelus Huene p. 460 |
1927 | Macrurosaurus Huene p. 469 |
1928 | Macrurosaurus Nopcsa p. 184 |
1928 | Pleurocoelus Nopcsa p. 184 |
1929 | Macrurosaurus semnus Huene p. 92–93 |
1929 | Titanosaurus valdensis Huene p. 92 |
1929 | Macrurosaurus Huene p. 93 |
1929 | Pleurocoelus Huene p. 116 |
1932 | Titanosaurus valdensis Stromer p. 6 |
1932 | Macrurosaurus Stromer p. 18 |
1934 | Macrurosaurus Stromer p. 66 |
1934 | Macrurosaurus semnus Stromer p. 66 |
1936 | Titanosaurus valdensis Swinton p. 211 |
1939 | Titanosaurus valdensis Kuhn p. 89 |
1939 | Macrurosaurus Kuhn p. 90 |
1939 | Macrurosaurus semnus Kuhn p. 90 |
1946 | Macrurosaurus Gilmore p. 30 |
1956 | Macrurosaurus Romer p. 622 |
1964 | Macrurosaurus Tatarinov p. 552 |
1966 | Macrurosaurus Romer p. 370 |
1970 | Macrurosaurus Steel p. 76 |
1970 | Macrurosaurus semnus Steel p. 76 |
1970 | Titanosaurus valdensis Steel p. 77 |
1974 | Pleurocoelus Langston p. 87 |
1978 | Macrurosaurus Bonaparte p. 562 |
1980 | Pleurocoelus Molnar p. 137 |
1988 | Macrurosaurus Carroll |
1989 | Macrurosaurus semnus Buffetaut p. 438 |
1989 | Macrurosaurus Buffetaut p. 439 |
1990 | Pleurocoelus Dong p. 58 |
1990 | Pleurocoelus McIntosh p. 55 |
1990 | Macrurosaurus McIntosh p. 57 |
1990 | Pleurocoelus McIntosh p. 383 |
1990 | Macrurosaurus McIntosh p. 396 |
1990 | Macrurosaurus semnus McIntosh p. 396 |
1992 | Pleurocoelus Buffetaut et al. p. 12 |
1992 | Pleurocoelus Farlow p. 108 |
1992 | Pleurocoelus Mcintosh et al. p. 164 |
1993 | Iuticosaurus Le Loeuff p. 107 |
1993 | Iuticosaurus valdensis Le Loeuff p. 107 |
1993 | Pleurocoelus Salgado p. 269 |
1993 | Macrurosaurus semnus Salgado and Calvo p. 216 |
1993 | Pleurocoelus Salgado and Calvo p. 216 |
1994 | Pleurocoelus Galton p. 265 |
1995 | Eucamerotus Blows p. 190 |
1995 | Eucamerotus foxi Blows p. 190 |
1995 | Pleurocoelus Upchurch p. 253 |
1995 | Macrurosaurus Upchurch p. 380 |
1996 | Macrurosaurus Jacobs et al. p. 602 |
1996 | Pleurocoelus Jacobs et al. p. 604 |
1997 | Pleurocoelus McIntosh p. 656 |
1997 | Eucamerotus Norman p. 784 |
1997 | Pleurocoelus Salgado and Calvo pp. 44-45 |
1997 | Macrurosaurus Salgado and Calvo p. 45 |
1997 | Titanosauriformes Salgado et al. pp. 12-13 |
1998 | Eucamerotus Blows p. 33 |
1998 | Eucamerotus foxi Blows pp. 33-34 |
1998 | Titanosauriformes Sereno p. 63 |
1998 | Eucamerotus Wilson and Sereno p. 21 |
1998 | Pleurocoelus Wilson and Sereno p. 21 |
1998 | Titanosauriformes Wilson and Sereno p. 51 |
1999 | Titanosauriformes Sereno p. 2138 fig. 2 |
1999 | Pleurocoelus Tidwell et al. p. 30 |
2000 | Pleurocoelus Maxwell and Cifelli p. 22 |
2001 | Pukyongosaurus Dong et al. |
2001 | Pukyongosaurus millenniumi Dong et al. |
2001 | Pukyongosaurus Dong et al. p. 44 |
2001 | Titanosauriformes Smith et al. p. 1705 fig. 3 |
2002 | Pleurocoelus Thulborn p. 155 |
2002 | Titanosauriformes Wilson p. 240 fig. 13 |
2002 | Pleurocoelus Wilson p. 249 |
2003 | Brohisaurus Malkani p. 77 |
2003 | Brohisaurus kirthari Malkani p. 77 figs. 2-3 |
2003 | Iuticosaurus Powell p. 76 |
2003 | Iuticosaurus valdensis Powell p. 76 |
2003 | Macrurosaurus semnus Powell p. 76 |
2004 | Titanosauriformes Martínez et al. p. 108 |
2004 | Pleurocoelus Upchurch et al. p. 266 |
2004 | Titanosauriformes Upchurch et al. p. 266 |
2005 | Eucamerotus foxi Apesteguía p. 253 fig. 12.2 |
2005 | Eucamerotus Apesteguía p. 257 |
2005 | Titanosauriformes Apesteguía p. 257 |
2005 | Titanosauriformes Novas et al. |
2005 | Titanosauriformes Salgado and Coria p. 438 |
2005 | Iuticosaurus Salgado and Coria p. 443 |
2005 | Iuticosaurus valdensis Salgado and Coria p. 443 |
2005 | Eucamerotus foxi Santucci and Bertini pp. 242-243 |
2005 | Eucamerotus Santucci and Bertini p. 243 |
2006 | Brohisaurus Malkani p. 189 |
2006 | Brohisaurus kirthari Malkani p. 189 |
2006 | Eucamerotus foxi Royo-Torres et al. figs. Table S2 |
2006 | Titanosauriformes Royo-Torres et al. p. 1926 fig. 3 |
2006 | Pleurocoelus Weishampel p. 146 |
2006 | Jiutaisaurus Wu et al. p. 7 |
2006 | Jiutaisaurus xidiensis Wu et al. p. 7 figs. Pl. 1 |
2007 | Titanosauriformes Casal et al. |
2007 | Jiutaisaurus xidiensis Lü et al. p. 174 |
2007 | Brohisaurus Malkani |
2007 | Brohisaurus kirthari Malkani |
2007 | Iuticosaurus valdensis Malkani |
2007 | Macrurosaurus semnus Malkani |
2007 | Iuticosaurus valdensis Molnar and Wiffen p. 508 |
2007 | Pleurocoelus Rose pp. 41-42 figs. 31-32 |
2007 | Titanosauriformes Rose pp. 41-42 figs. 31-32 |
2007 | Titanosauriformes Royo-Torres et al. p. 184 |
2007 | Titanosauriformes Sánchez-Hernández et al. p. 199 |
2008 | Titanosauriformes Allain and Aquesbi p. 403 |
2008 | Brohisaurus Malkani p. 52 |
2008 | Brohisaurus kirthari Malkani p. 52 |
2008 | Brohisaurus Malkani p. 55 |
2008 | Brohisaurus kirthari Malkani p. 55 |
2008 | Brohisaurus Malkani p. 56 |
2009 | Brohisaurus Malkani p. 65 |
2009 | Brohisaurus kirthari Malkani p. 65 |
2009 | Pukyongosaurus Wilson and Upchurch |
2009 | Titanosauriformes Wilson and Upchurch p. 229 fig. 27 |
2010 | Brohisaurus kirthari Malkani p. 40 |
2010 | Brohisaurus Malkani p. 46 |
2010 | Brohisaurus kirthari Malkani p. 567 |
2010 | Titanosauriformes Suteethorn et al. |
2011 | Pleurocoelus González Riga p. 285 |
2011 | Pleurocoelus Mannion and Calvo |
2011 | Pukyongosaurus millenniumi Paik et al. p. 342 |
2012 | Jiutaisaurus D'Emic |
2012 | Jiutaisaurus xidiensis D'Emic |
2012 | Pukyongosaurus D'Emic |
2012 | Pukyongosaurus millenniumi D'Emic |
2012 | Rugocaudia Woodruff |
2012 | Rugocaudia cooneyi Woodruff p. 59 figs. 2-4 |
2013 | Titanosauriformes D'Emic |
2014 | Titanosauriformes Lacovara et al. |
2014 | Brohisaurus Malkani p. 56 |
2014 | Brohisaurus kirthari Malkani p. 56 |
2014 | Brohisaurus Malkani p. 872 |
2014 | Brohisaurus kirthari Malkani p. 872 |
2015 | Titanosauriformes Gasparini et al. p. 160 |
2015 | Brohisaurus Malkani p. 3 |
2015 | Brohisaurus kirthari Malkani p. 3 |
2015 | Brohisaurus Malkani p. 93–94 |
2015 | Brohisaurus kirthari Malkani p. 93–94 |
2015 | Titanosauriformes Xing et al. |
2016 | Brohisaurus kirthari Malkani p. 129 |
2017 | Titanosauriformes Ibiricu et al. |
2019 | Titanosauriformes Novas et al. p. 242 |
2020 | Brohisaurus kirthari Malkani p. 449 |
2021 | Titanosauriformes Apesteguía et al. |
2021 | Titanosauriformes Paulina-Carabajal et al. |
2023 | Titanosauriformes Lim et al. p. 52 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Unr. †Titanosauriformes Salgado et al. 1997
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Fm. †Brachiosauridae Riggs 1904 [brachiosaurid]
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G. †Brachiosaurus Riggs 1903
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Subg. †Brachiosaurus (Brachiosaurus) Paul 1988
†Brachiosaurus altithorax Riggs 1903
G. †Galvesaurus Barco et al. 2005 [Galve lizard]
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†Galvesaurus herreroi Barco et al. 2005
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Invalid names: Galveosaurus herreroi Sánchez-Hernández 2005 [objective synonym]
Invalid names: Astrodontidae Huene 1932 [synonym], Bellusaurinae Dong 1990 [empty], Brachiosaurinae Huene 1927 [empty], Camarasaurinae Nopcsa 1928 [empty], Euhelopodinae Romer 1956 [empty], Klamelisaurinae Zhao 1993 [empty], Ornithopsis eucamerotus Hulke 1882 [nomen dubium], Pleurocoelidae Marsh 1888 [synonym]
G. †Ornithopsis Seeley 1870
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†Ornithopsis hulkei Seeley 1870
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Invalid names: Bothriospondylus magnus Owen 1875 [objective synonym]
G. †Pelorosaurus Mantell 1850
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†Pelorosaurus conybeari Melville 1849
†Pelorosaurus praecursor Sauvage 1876
Unr. †Somphospondyli Wilson and Sereno 1998
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Unr. †Euhelopodidae Romer 1956 [euhelopodid]
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G. †Euhelopus Romer 1956
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†Euhelopus zdanskyi Wiman 1929
Invalid names: Helopus Wiman 1929 [replaced]
G. †Europatitan Torcida Fernández-Baldor et al. 2017
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†Europatitan eastwoodi Torcida Fernández-Baldor et al. 2017
Invalid names: Arkharavia Alifanov and Bolotsky 2010 [nomen dubium], Arkharavia heterocoelica Alifanov and Bolotsky 2010 [nomen dubium], Huanghetitan ruyangensis Lü et al. 2007 [nomen dubium]
G. †Titanosaurimanus Dalla Vecchia and Tarlao 2000
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†Titanosaurimanus nana Dalla Vecchia and Tarlao 2000
Invalid names: Brohisaurus Malkani 2003 [nomen dubium], Brohisaurus kirthari Malkani 2003 [nomen dubium], Eucamerotus Hulke 1871 [nomen dubium], Huanghetitanidae Lü et al. 2007 [empty], Iuticosaurus Le Loeuff 1993 [nomen dubium], Iuticosaurus valdensis Huene 1929 [nomen dubium], Jiutaisaurus Wu et al. 2006 [nomen dubium], Jiutaisaurus xidiensis Wu et al. 2006 [nomen dubium], Laurasiformes Royo-Torres 2009 [empty], Macrurosaurus Seeley 1869 [nomen dubium], Macrurosaurus semnus Seeley 1869 [nomen dubium], Pleurocoelus Marsh 1888 [nomen dubium], Pukyongosaurus Dong et al. 2001 [nomen dubium], Pukyongosaurus millenniumi Dong et al. 2001 [nomen dubium], Rugocaudia Woodruff 2012 [nomen dubium], Rugocaudia cooneyi Woodruff 2012 [nomen dubium]
Diagnosis
Reference | Diagnosis | |
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L. Salgado et al. 1997 | Presence of medial prespinal lamina in posterior trunk vertebrae. Neural arches positioned anteriorly in mid- and posterior caudal central. Claw on manual digit I reduced or absent. Broadly expanded preacetabular lobe of the ilium, upwardly directed. Pubic peduncle perpendicular to the sacral axis. Presence of prominent lateral bulge in femur below greater trochanter. |