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Titanosauriformes

Reptilia

Synonyms
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1869Macrurosaurus Seeley p. xvii
1869Macrurosaurus semnus Seeley p. xvii
1871Eucamerotus Hulke p. 36
1875Macrurosaurus semnus Jukes-Browne p. 311
1876Macrurosaurus semnus Seeley p. 444 figs. 1-2
1879Macrurosaurus semnus Lydekker p. 25
1882Macrurosaurus semnus Sauvage p. 30
1882Eucamerotus Sauvage p. 35
1884Eucamerotus Dollo p. 298
1884Eucamerotus Marsh p. 68
1885Eucamerotus Marsh p. 764
1888Macrurosaurus Lydekker p. 153
1888Macrurosaurus semnus Lydekker p. 153
1888Pleurocoelus Marsh
1890Macrurosaurus semnus Woodward and Sherborn p. 248
1890Pleurocoelus Zittel p. 714
1890Macrurosaurus Zittel p. 717
1895Eucamerotus Marsh
1895Pleurocoelus Marsh
1896Pleurocoelus Marsh p. 242
1896Pleurocoelus Sauvage p. 47
1898Pleurocoelus Marsh p. 158
1898Pleurocoelus Sauvage p. 8
1900Macrurosaurus Van Den Broeck p. 101
1900Macrurosaurus semnus Van Den Broeck p. 101
1900Pleorocoelus Walcott p. 23
1901Macrurosaurus Nopcsa p. 205
1901Macrurosaurus semnus Nopcsa p. 205
1901Pleurocoelus Nopcsa p. 206
1902Pleurocoelus Hay p. 483
1904Macrurosaurus semnus Lydekker p. 61
1908Pleurocoelus Huene p. 297
1909Pleurocoelus Huene p. 14
1909Macrurosaurus Huene p. 17
1911Pleurocoelus Lull p. 177
1911Eucamerotus von Zittel p. 287
1911Pleurocoelus von Zittel p. 287
1924Pleurocoelus Lull p. 235
1927Pleurocoelus Huene p. 123
1927Macrurosaurus Huene p. 126
1927Macrurosaurus semnus Huene p. 271
1927Pleurocoelus Huene p. 460
1927Macrurosaurus Huene p. 469
1928Macrurosaurus Nopcsa p. 184
1928Pleurocoelus Nopcsa p. 184
1929Macrurosaurus semnus Huene p. 92–93
1929Titanosaurus valdensis Huene p. 92
1929Macrurosaurus Huene p. 93
1929Pleurocoelus Huene p. 116
1932Titanosaurus valdensis Stromer p. 6
1932Macrurosaurus Stromer p. 18
1934Macrurosaurus Stromer p. 66
1934Macrurosaurus semnus Stromer p. 66
1936Titanosaurus valdensis Swinton p. 211
1939Titanosaurus valdensis Kuhn p. 89
1939Macrurosaurus Kuhn p. 90
1939Macrurosaurus semnus Kuhn p. 90
1946Macrurosaurus Gilmore p. 30
1956Macrurosaurus Romer p. 622
1964Macrurosaurus Tatarinov p. 552
1966Macrurosaurus Romer p. 370
1970Macrurosaurus Steel p. 76
1970Macrurosaurus semnus Steel p. 76
1970Titanosaurus valdensis Steel p. 77
1974Pleurocoelus Langston p. 87
1978Macrurosaurus Bonaparte p. 562
1980Pleurocoelus Molnar p. 137
1988Macrurosaurus Carroll
1989Macrurosaurus semnus Buffetaut p. 438
1989Macrurosaurus Buffetaut p. 439
1990Pleurocoelus Dong p. 58
1990Pleurocoelus McIntosh p. 55
1990Macrurosaurus McIntosh p. 57
1990Pleurocoelus McIntosh p. 383
1990Macrurosaurus McIntosh p. 396
1990Macrurosaurus semnus McIntosh p. 396
1992Pleurocoelus Buffetaut et al. p. 12
1992Pleurocoelus Farlow p. 108
1992Pleurocoelus Mcintosh et al. p. 164
1993Iuticosaurus Le Loeuff p. 107
1993Iuticosaurus valdensis Le Loeuff p. 107
1993Pleurocoelus Salgado p. 269
1993Macrurosaurus semnus Salgado and Calvo p. 216
1993Pleurocoelus Salgado and Calvo p. 216
1994Pleurocoelus Galton p. 265
1995Eucamerotus Blows p. 190
1995Eucamerotus foxi Blows p. 190
1995Pleurocoelus Upchurch p. 253
1995Macrurosaurus Upchurch p. 380
1996Macrurosaurus Jacobs et al. p. 602
1996Pleurocoelus Jacobs et al. p. 604
1997Pleurocoelus McIntosh p. 656
1997Eucamerotus Norman p. 784
1997Pleurocoelus Salgado and Calvo pp. 44-45
1997Macrurosaurus Salgado and Calvo p. 45
1997Titanosauriformes Salgado et al. pp. 12-13
1998Eucamerotus Blows p. 33
1998Eucamerotus foxi Blows pp. 33-34
1998Titanosauriformes Sereno p. 63
1998Eucamerotus Wilson and Sereno p. 21
1998Pleurocoelus Wilson and Sereno p. 21
1998Titanosauriformes Wilson and Sereno p. 51
1999Titanosauriformes Sereno p. 2138 fig. 2
1999Pleurocoelus Tidwell et al. p. 30
2000Pleurocoelus Maxwell and Cifelli p. 22
2001Pukyongosaurus Dong et al.
2001Pukyongosaurus millenniumi Dong et al.
2001Pukyongosaurus Dong et al. p. 44
2001Titanosauriformes Smith et al. p. 1705 fig. 3
2002Pleurocoelus Thulborn p. 155
2002Titanosauriformes Wilson p. 240 fig. 13
2002Pleurocoelus Wilson p. 249
2003Brohisaurus Malkani p. 77
2003Brohisaurus kirthari Malkani p. 77 figs. 2-3
2003Iuticosaurus Powell p. 76
2003Iuticosaurus valdensis Powell p. 76
2003Macrurosaurus semnus Powell p. 76
2004Titanosauriformes Martínez et al. p. 108
2004Pleurocoelus Upchurch et al. p. 266
2004Titanosauriformes Upchurch et al. p. 266
2005Eucamerotus foxi Apesteguía p. 253 fig. 12.2
2005Eucamerotus Apesteguía p. 257
2005Titanosauriformes Apesteguía p. 257
2005Titanosauriformes Novas et al.
2005Titanosauriformes Salgado and Coria p. 438
2005Iuticosaurus Salgado and Coria p. 443
2005Iuticosaurus valdensis Salgado and Coria p. 443
2005Eucamerotus foxi Santucci and Bertini pp. 242-243
2005Eucamerotus Santucci and Bertini p. 243
2006Brohisaurus Malkani p. 189
2006Brohisaurus kirthari Malkani p. 189
2006Eucamerotus foxi Royo-Torres et al. figs. Table S2
2006Titanosauriformes Royo-Torres et al. p. 1926 fig. 3
2006Pleurocoelus Weishampel p. 146
2006Jiutaisaurus Wu et al. p. 7 figs. Pl. 1
2006Jiutaisaurus xidiensis Wu et al. p. 7 figs. Pl. 1
2007Titanosauriformes Casal et al.
2007Jiutaisaurus xidiensis Lü et al. p. 174
2007Brohisaurus Malkani
2007Brohisaurus kirthari Malkani
2007Iuticosaurus valdensis Malkani
2007Macrurosaurus semnus Malkani
2007Iuticosaurus valdensis Molnar and Wiffen p. 508
2007Pleurocoelus Rose pp. 41-42 figs. 31-32
2007Titanosauriformes Rose pp. 41-42 figs. 31-32
2007Titanosauriformes Royo-Torres et al. p. 184
2007Titanosauriformes Sánchez-Hernández et al. p. 199
2008Titanosauriformes Allain and Aquesbi p. 403
2008Brohisaurus Malkani p. 52
2008Brohisaurus kirthari Malkani p. 52
2008Brohisaurus Malkani p. 55
2008Brohisaurus kirthari Malkani p. 55
2008Brohisaurus Malkani p. 56
2009Brohisaurus Malkani p. 65
2009Brohisaurus kirthari Malkani p. 65
2009Pukyongosaurus Wilson and Upchurch
2009Titanosauriformes Wilson and Upchurch p. 229 fig. 27
2010Brohisaurus kirthari Malkani p. 40
2010Brohisaurus Malkani p. 46
2010Brohisaurus kirthari Malkani p. 567
2010Titanosauriformes Suteethorn et al.
2011Pleurocoelus González Riga p. 285
2011Pleurocoelus Mannion and Calvo
2011Pukyongosaurus millenniumi Paik et al. p. 342
2012Jiutaisaurus D'Emic
2012Jiutaisaurus xidiensis D'Emic
2012Pukyongosaurus D'Emic
2012Pukyongosaurus millenniumi D'Emic
2012Rugocaudia Woodruff
2012Rugocaudia cooneyi Woodruff p. 59 figs. 2-4
2013Titanosauriformes D'Emic
2014Titanosauriformes Lacovara et al.
2014Brohisaurus Malkani p. 56
2014Brohisaurus kirthari Malkani p. 56
2014Brohisaurus Malkani p. 872
2014Brohisaurus kirthari Malkani p. 872
2015Titanosauriformes Gasparini et al. p. 160
2015Brohisaurus Malkani p. 3
2015Brohisaurus kirthari Malkani p. 3
2015Brohisaurus Malkani p. 93–94
2015Brohisaurus kirthari Malkani p. 93–94
2015Titanosauriformes Xing et al.
2016Brohisaurus kirthari Malkani p. 129
2017Titanosauriformes Ibiricu et al.
2019Titanosauriformes Novas et al. p. 242
2020Brohisaurus kirthari Malkani p. 449
2021Titanosauriformes Apesteguía et al.
2021Titanosauriformes Paulina-Carabajal et al.
2023Titanosauriformes Lim et al. p. 52

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
Bilateria
EubilateriaAx 1987
Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
Tetrapoda
Reptiliomorpha
Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
Cotylosauria()
Amniota
Sauropsida
RankNameAuthor
classReptilia
subclassEureptilia()
Romeriida
Diapsida()
Archosauromorpha(Huene 1946)
Crocopoda
ArchosauriformesGauthier 1986
Eucrocopoda
Archosauria()
informalAvemetatarsalia
Ornithodira
Dinosauromorpha
Dinosauriformes
Dinosauria()
Saurischia()
Sauropoda()
Titanosauriformes
Titanosauriformes

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Unr. †Titanosauriformes Salgado et al. 1997
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Fm. †Brachiosauridae Riggs 1904 [brachiosaurid]
+
G. †Abydosaurus Chure et al. 2010
+
Abydosaurus mcintoshi Chure et al. 2010
G. †Brachiosaurus Riggs 1903
+
G. †Cedarosaurus Tidwell et al. 1999
+
Cedarosaurus weiskopfae Tidwell et al. 1999
G. †Galvesaurus Barco et al. 2005 [Galve lizard]
+
Galvesaurus herreroi Barco et al. 2005
+
Invalid names: Galveosaurus herreroi Sánchez-Hernández 2005 [objective synonym]
G. †Giraffatitan Paul 1988
+
Giraffatitan brancai Janensch 1914
+
Invalid names: Brachiosaurus fraasi Janensch 1914 [synonym]
G. †Lusotitan Antunes and Mateus 2003
+
Lusotitan atalaiensis Lapparent and Zbyszewski 1957
G. †Sonorasaurus Ratkevich 1998
+
Sonorasaurus thompsoni Ratkevich 1998
G. †Soriatitan Royo-Torres et al. 2017
+
Soriatitan golmayensis Royo-Torres et al. 2017
G. †Venenosaurus Tidwell et al. 2001
+
Venenosaurus dicrocei Tidwell et al. 2001
G. †Vouivria Mannion et al. 2017
+
Vouivria damparisensis Mannion et al. 2017
Invalid names: Astrodontidae Huene 1932 [synonym], Bellusaurinae Dong 1990 [empty], Brachiosaurinae Huene 1927 [empty], Camarasaurinae Nopcsa 1928 [empty], Euhelopodinae Romer 1956 [empty], Klamelisaurinae Zhao 1993 [empty], Ornithopsis eucamerotus Hulke 1882 [nomen dubium], Pleurocoelidae Marsh 1888 [synonym]
G. †Duriatitan Barrett et al. 2010
+
Duriatitan humerocristatus Lydekker 1888
G. †Fukuititan Azuma and Shibata 2010
+
Fukuititan nipponensis Azuma and Shibata 2010
G. †Fushanosaurus Wang et al. 2019
+
Fushanosaurus qitaiensis Wang et al. 2019
G. †Fusuisaurus Mo et al. 2006
+
Fusuisaurus zhaoi Mo et al. 2006
G. †Liaoningotitan Zhou et al. 2018
+
Liaoningotitan sinensis Zhou et al. 2018
G. †Occitanopodus Moreau et al. 2020
+
Occitanopodus gandi Moreau et al. 2020
G. †Oceanotitan Mocho et al. 2019
+
Oceanotitan dantasi Mocho et al. 2019
G. †Ornithopsis Seeley 1870
+
Ornithopsis hulkei Seeley 1870
+
Invalid names: Bothriospondylus magnus Owen 1875 [objective synonym]
G. †Pelorosaurus Mantell 1850
+
Pelorosaurus conybeari Melville 1849
Pelorosaurus praecursor Sauvage 1876
Unr. †Somphospondyli Wilson and Sereno 1998
+
G. †Angolatitan Mateus et al. 2011
+
Angolatitan adamastor Mateus et al. 2011
G. †Astrophocaudia D'Emic 2013
+
G. †Australodocus Remes 2007
+
Australodocus bohetii Remes 2007
G. †Austrosaurus Longman 1933
+
Austrosaurus mckillopi Longman 1933
G. †Brontomerus Taylor et al. 2011
+
Brontomerus mcintoshi Taylor et al. 2011
G. †Chubutisaurus del Corro 1975
+
Chubutisaurus insignis del Corro 1975
G. †Dongbeititan Wang et al. 2007
+
Dongbeititan dongi Wang et al. 2007
Unr. †Euhelopodidae Romer 1956 [euhelopodid]
+
G. †Daxiatitan You et al. 2008
+
Daxiatitan binglingi You et al. 2008
G. †Erketu Ksepka and Norell 2006
+
Erketu ellisoni Ksepka and Norell 2006
G. †Euhelopus Romer 1956
+
Euhelopus zdanskyi Wiman 1929
Invalid names: Helopus Wiman 1929 [replaced]
G. †Gobititan You et al. 2003
+
Gobititan shenzhouensis You et al. 2003
G. †Huabeisaurus Pang and Cheng 2000
+
Huabeisaurus allocotus Pang and Cheng 2000
G. †Phuwiangosaurus Martin et al. 1994
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Phuwiangosaurus sirindhornae Martin et al. 1994
G. †Qiaowanlong You and Li 2009
+
Qiaowanlong kangxii You and Li 2009
G. †Ruixinia Mo et al. 2023
+
Ruixinia zhangi Mo et al. 2023
G. †Ruyangosaurus Lü et al. 2009
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Ruyangosaurus giganteus Lü et al. 2009
G. †Silutitan Wang et al. 2021
+
Silutitan sinensis Wang et al. 2021
G. †Tambatitanis Saegusa and Ikeda 2014
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Tambatitanis amicitiae Saegusa and Ikeda 2014
G. †Tangvayosaurus Allain et al. 1999
+
Tangvayosaurus hoffeti Allain et al. 1999
G. †Xianshanosaurus Lü et al. 2009
+
Xianshanosaurus shijiagouensis Lü et al. 2009
G. †Yongjinglong Li et al. 2014
+
Yongjinglong datangi Li et al. 2014
G. †Europatitan Torcida Fernández-Baldor et al. 2017
+
Europatitan eastwoodi Torcida Fernández-Baldor et al. 2017
G. †Gannansaurus Lü et al. 2013
+
Gannansaurus sinensis Lü et al. 2013
G. †Garumbatitan Mocho et al. 2023
+
Garumbatitan morellensis Mocho et al. 2023
G. †Huanghetitan You et al. 2006
+
Huanghetitan liujiaxiaensis You et al. 2006
G. †Jiangshanosaurus Tang et al. 2001
+
Jiangshanosaurus lixianensis Tang et al. 2001
G. †Jiangxititan Mo et al. 2023
+
Jiangxititan ganzhouensis Mo et al. 2023
G. †Ligabuesaurus Bonaparte et al. 2006
+
Ligabuesaurus leanzai Bonaparte et al. 2006
G. †Liubangosaurus Mo et al. 2010
+
Liubangosaurus hei Mo et al. 2010
G. †Padillasaurus Carballido et al. 2015
+
Padillasaurus leivaensis Carballido et al. 2015
G. †Sauroposeidon Wedel et al. 2000
+
Sauroposeidon proteles Wedel et al. 2000
+
Invalid names: Paluxysaurus jonesi Rose 2007 [synonym]
Invalid names: Paluxysaurus Rose 2007 [synonym]
G. †Sibirotitan Averianov et al. 2018
+
Sibirotitan astrosacralis Averianov et al. 2018
G. †Sonidosaurus Xu et al. 2006
+
G. †Tastavinsaurus Canudo et al. 2008
+
Tastavinsaurus sanzi Canudo et al. 2008
G. †Triunfosaurus Carvalho et al. 2017
+
Triunfosaurus leonardii Carvalho et al. 2017
G. †Wintonotitan Hocknull et al. 2009
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Wintonotitan wattsi Hocknull et al. 2009
G. †Yunmenglong Lü et al. 2013
+
Yunmenglong ruyangensis Lü et al. 2013
Invalid names: Arkharavia Alifanov and Bolotsky 2010 [nomen dubium], Arkharavia heterocoelica Alifanov and Bolotsky 2010 [nomen dubium], Huanghetitan ruyangensis Lü et al. 2007 [nomen dubium]
G. †Titanosaurimanus Dalla Vecchia and Tarlao 2000
+
Titanosaurimanus nana Dalla Vecchia and Tarlao 2000
Invalid names: Brohisaurus Malkani 2003 [nomen dubium], Brohisaurus kirthari Malkani 2003 [nomen dubium], Eucamerotus Hulke 1871 [nomen dubium], Huanghetitanidae Lü et al. 2007 [empty], Iuticosaurus Le Loeuff 1993 [nomen dubium], Iuticosaurus valdensis Huene 1929 [nomen dubium], Jiutaisaurus Wu et al. 2006 [nomen dubium], Jiutaisaurus xidiensis Wu et al. 2006 [nomen dubium], Laurasiformes Royo-Torres 2009 [empty], Macrurosaurus Seeley 1869 [nomen dubium], Macrurosaurus semnus Seeley 1869 [nomen dubium], Pleurocoelus Marsh 1888 [nomen dubium], Pukyongosaurus Dong et al. 2001 [nomen dubium], Pukyongosaurus millenniumi Dong et al. 2001 [nomen dubium], Rugocaudia Woodruff 2012 [nomen dubium], Rugocaudia cooneyi Woodruff 2012 [nomen dubium]
Diagnosis
ReferenceDiagnosis
L. Salgado et al. 1997Presence of medial prespinal lamina in posterior trunk vertebrae. Neural arches positioned anteriorly in mid- and posterior caudal central. Claw on manual digit I reduced or absent. Broadly expanded preacetabular lobe of the ilium, upwardly directed. Pubic peduncle perpendicular to the sacral axis. Presence of prominent lateral bulge in femur below greater trochanter.