PBDB Taxon

Basic info	Taxonomic history	Classification	Included Taxa
Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Vulpavoides

Mammalia - Condylarthra - Paroxyclaenidae

Taxonomy

Vulpavoides was named by Matthes (1952). It is not extant.

It was synonymized subjectively with Pugiodens by Van Valen (1967).

It was assigned to Miacidae by Matthes (1952); and to Paroxyclaenidae by Hooker (1986).

Species

V. cooperi, V. germanica, V. simplicidens, V. vanvaleni

Species lacking formal opinion data

V. germanicus

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1952	Vulpavoides Matthes pp. 229-230 figs. 59-66
1986	Vulpavoides Hooker p. 338

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Deuterostomia
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1874
subphylum	Vertebrata
superclass	Gnathostomata
—	Osteichthyes	()
subclass	Sarcopterygii	()
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha	(Nelson 2006)
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha	()
—	Tetrapoda
—	Reptiliomorpha
—	Anthracosauria
subclass	Amphibiosauria	Kuhn 1967
—	Cotylosauria	()
—	Amniota
subclass	Synapsida

Rank	Name	Author
—	Therapsida	()
infraorder	Cynodontia	()
—	Mammaliamorpha
—	Mammaliaformes
class	Mammalia
—	Theriamorpha	(Rowe 1993)
—	Theriiformes	()
—	Trechnotheria
—	Cladotheria
—	Zatheria
subclass	Tribosphenida	()
subclass	Theria
—	Eutheria	()
—	Placentalia
—	Epitheria
order	Condylarthra	Cope 1881
family	Paroxyclaenidae	Weitzel
genus	Vulpavoides	Matthes 1952

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. †Vulpavoides Matthes 1952

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†Vulpavoides cooperi Hooker 1986

†Vulpavoides germanica Matthes 1952

†Vulpavoides simplicidens Van Valen 1965

†Vulpavoides vanvaleni Russell and Godinot 1988

Diagnosis

Reference	Diagnosis
H. W. Matthes 1952	Canines show little differentiation; upper P4 not triangular (not like the canines); all molars similar in shape; P not reduced; M elongated, inclined inward, square-like, no hypocone; upper P3 molar-like; upper M1 not much bigger than upper P4; small diastemas only between the first few P; C oval in cross-section, compressed lingual-labial; upper P4 without deuterocone; transverse diameter of upper M1 longer than of upper M2.

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

phosphaticsubp

Environment:

terrestrialsubc

Locomotion:

actively mobilec

Life habit:

scansorialsubc

Diet:

insectivoresubc

Reproduction:

viviparoussubc

Created:

2005-09-06 20:43:42

Modified:

2005-09-06 22:44:32

Source: subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum

References: Lillegraven 1979, Hendy et al. 2009, Ji et al. 2002, Carroll 1988

Age range: base of the Lutetian to the top of the Bartonian or 47.80000 to 38.00000 Ma

Collections (5 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Eocene	56.0 - 33.9	Germany (Sachsen-Anhalt)	V. germanica (45771)
Lutetian	47.8 - 41.3	Germany (Sachsen-Anhalt)	V. germanicus (45000)
Lutetian	47.8 - 41.3	France (Alsace Region)	V. vanvaleni (31609)
Bartonian	41.3 - 38.0	United Kingdom (England)	V. cooperi (39014)
Bartonian	41.3 - 38.0	Switzerland (Baselland)	V. simplicidens (182806)