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Antetonitrus ingenipes
Taxonomy
Antetonitrus ingenipes was named by Yates and Kitching (2003). Its type specimen is BP/1/4952, a partial skeleton, and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Antetonitrus type, Welbedacht (611)/Edelweiss (698), which is in a Hettangian/Sinemurian floodplain siltstone in the Elliot Formation of South Africa. It was considered monophyletic by Yates and Kitching (2003).
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 2003 | Antetonitrus ingenipes Avanzini et al. p. 190 |
| 2003 | Antetonitrus ingenipes Yates and Kitching pp. 1753-4 figs. 2-3 |
| 2005 | Antetonitrus ingenipes Galton et al. p. 2 |
| 2006 | Antetonitrus ingenipes Moser et al. p. 44 |
| 2007 | Antetonitrus ingenipes Smith and Pol p. 665 |
| 2007 | Antetonitrus ingenipes Upchurch et al. p. 75 |
| 2007 | Antetonitrus ingenipes Yates p. 103 |
| 2008 | Antetonitrus ingenipes Allain and Aquesbi p. 400 |
| 2009 | Antetonitrus ingenipes Barrett p. 1032 |
| 2010 | Antetonitrus ingenipes Bandyopadhyay et al. p. 535 |
| 2010 | Antetonitrus ingenipes Langer et al. p. 70 |
| 2014 | Antetonitrus ingenipes McPhee et al. p. 158–159 |
| 2021 | Antetonitrus ingenipes Müller and Garcia p. 5 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
†Antetonitrus ingenipes Yates and Kitching 2003
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Diagnosis
| Reference | Diagnosis | |
|---|---|---|
| A. M. Yates and J. W. Kitching 2003 | A primitive sauropod with the following autapomorphies. Dorsal neural spines flared transversely at their distal end (present to a lesser extent in Lessemsaurus sauropodoides). Dorsal vertebrae with broad, triangular hyposphenes (in caudal view). A ventral ridge on the hyposphenes of the caudal dorsal vertebrae. A deep sulcus adjacent to the lateral distal margin of the deltopectoral crest. An extremely short, broad metacarpal I. | |
| B. W. McPhee et al. 2014 | A robust, large-bodied transitional sauropodomorph. In addition to the features given in Yates & Kitching (2003), A. ingenipes can be further distinguished from most nonsauropodan sauropodomorphs by the following unique combination of characters (* = autapomorphy): high dorsal neural spines comprising more than half the total height of the neural arch*; dorsal neural arches more than twice as tall as associated centra*; pneumatic subfossae in the posterior infradiapophyseal fossae of the mid-posterior dorsal neural arch; presence of a caudosacral vertebrae; single articular facet on proximal chevrons*; broadly expanded dorsal scapular blade; head of humerus vaulted and expanded posteriorly; medial tuberosity of the humeral head reduced and slightly medially inturned*; delicate, nonsinuous deltopectoral crest; medial deflection of the anterior process of the proximal ulna*; incipient radial fossa on the proximal ulna; distinct bifurcated tubercle on the ventrolateral edge of the shaft of metacarpal 2; femoral shaft elliptical in cross-section and reduced in lateral sinuosity; laterally displaced lesser trochanter of the femur visible in posterior view; fourth trochanter located on the medial edge of the mid-shaft of the femur; anteroposterior length of the proximal surface of the tibia over twice its transverse width and roughly level with the horizontal plane; descend- ing process of the distal tibia compressed laterally so that the anterior ascending process is visible in pos- terior aspect; robust, entaxonically spreading pes; metatarsal 3 less than 40% length of tibia; length of pedal ungual 1 greater than metatarsal 1.
Additionally, Antetonitrus is plesiomorphic relative to more derived sauropodan taxa with respect to the following features: amphicoelous vertebral centra; deltopectoral crest that is orientated perpendicularly to the transverse axis of the distal condyles and represents at least half of the total length of the humerus; deep intercondylar depression (= cuboid fossa) on the distal humerus; large olecranon process of the ulna; short, robust antebrachium; shortened metacarpus with an axially twisted phalanx 1.1; iliac peduncle of the proximal pubis anteriorly subconfluent with the transversely orientated pubic apron; a hypertrophied M. caudofemoralis brevis insertion*; cnemial crest of the tibia transversely broad and anteriorly projecting; metatarsal V reduced in size relative to other metatarsals. |
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: infrao = infraorder | |||||
| Reference: Marsh 1875 | |||||
Age range: base of the Hettangian to the top of the Sinemurian or 201.30000 to 190.80000 Ma
Collections (2 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hettangian - Sinemurian | South Africa (Free State) | Antetonitrus ingenipes (227614) Euskelosaurus sp. (type locality: 39659) |