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Glyptosaurinae

Reptilia - Anguidae

Taxonomy
Glyptosaurinae was named by Marsh (1872). Its type is Glyptosaurus. It was considered monophyletic by Sullivan (1986).

It was synonymized subjectively with Anguidae by Hay (1902); it was synonymized subjectively with Placosauridae by Kuhn (1946).

It was assigned to Anguinidae by McDowell and Bogert (1954); and to Anguidae by Kuhn (1966), Estes (1983), Sullivan (1986), Conrad (2004), Smith (2006) and Stocker and Kirk (2016).

Synonyms
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1872Glyptosaurinae Marsh
1873Diacium quinquepedale Cope
1873Diacium quinquepedalis Cope p. 17
1874Diacium quinquepedale Cope
1902Diacium quinquepedale Hay p. 477
1930Diacium quinquepedale Hay p. 256
1946Placosauridae Kuhn p. 61
1954Glyptosaurinae McDowell and Bogert p. 130
1966Glyptosaurinae Kuhn p. 54
1983Glyptosaurinae Estes
1986Glyptosaurinae Sullivan p. 110
2004Glyptosaurinae Conrad
2006Glyptosaurinae Smith p. 5
2016Glyptosaurinae Stocker and Kirk

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
—Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
—Tetrapoda
—Reptiliomorpha
RankNameAuthor
—Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
—Cotylosauria()
—Amniota
—Sauropsida
classReptilia
—Squamata()
—Anguimorpha(Fürbringer 1900)
—Anguiformes(Bonaparte 1831)
superfamilyAnguioideaFitzinger 1826
familyAnguidaeGray 1825
subfamilyGlyptosaurinaeMarsh 1872
subfamilyGlyptosaurinaeMarsh 1872

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Subfm. †Glyptosaurinae Marsh 1872
show all | hide all
G. †Arpadosaurus Meszoely 1970
+
†Arpadosaurus gazinorum Meszoely 1970
†Arpadosaurus sepulchralis Smith and Gauthier 2013
G. †Eoglyptosaurus Sullivan 1979
Tr. †Glyptosaurini Sullivan 1979
+
G. †Gaultia Smith 2009
+
†Gaultia silvaticus Smith 2009
G. †Proglyptosaurus Sullivan 1989
+
G. †Stenoplacosaurus Sullivan and Dong 2018
+
G. †Glyptosaurus Marsh 1871
+
†Glyptosaurus agmodon Smith and Gauthier 2013
†Glyptosaurus rhodinos Smith 2011
+
Invalid names: Glyptosaurus brevidens Marsh 1872 [synonym], Glyptosaurus donohoei White 1952 [synonym], Glyptosaurus nodosus Marsh 1871 [synonym], Glyptosaurus ocellatus Marsh 1871 [synonym], Glyptosaurus princeps Marsh 1872 [synonym], Glyptosaurus rugosus Marsh 1872 [synonym]
Invalid names: Glyptosaurus obtusidens Loomis 1907 [nomen dubium], Glyptosaurus sphenodon Marsh 1872 [nomen dubium]
G. †Helodermoides Douglass 1903
+
†Helodermoides tuberculatus Douglass 1903
+
Invalid names: Glyptosaurus giganteus Gilmore 1928 [synonym], Glyptosaurus montanus Douglass 1908 [synonym]
Tr. †Melanosaurini Sullivan 1979
+
G. †Paraxestops Hoffstetter 1962
+
†Paraxestops stehlini Hoffstetter 1962
G. †Placosauriops Kuhn 1940
+
+
Invalid names: Placosauroides abderhaldeni Meszoely et al. 1978 [synonym]
Invalid names: Placosauroides Kuhn 1940 [synonym]
G. †Melanosaurus Gilmore 1928
+
†Melanosaurus maximus Gilmore 1928
G. †Paraglyptosaurus Sullivan 1979
+
†Paraglyptosaurus yatkolai Sullivan 1979
G. †Placosaurus Gervais 1852
+
†Placosaurus estesi Sullivan and Augé 2006
†Placosaurus mongoliensis Sullivan 1979
†Placosaurus ragei Sullivan et al. 2012
†Placosaurus rugosus Gervais 1852
Invalid names: Placosaurus cayluxi De Stefano 1903 [nomen dubium], Placosaurus europaeus Filhol 1876 [nomen dubium], Placosaurus galliae Filhol 1894 [nomen dubium], Placosaurus gaudryi De Stefano 1903 [nomen dubium], Placosaurus margariticeps Gervais 1876 [nomen dubium], Placosaurus waltheri Weigelt 1929 [nomen dubium]
G. †Proxestops Gauthier 1982
+
†Proxestops silberlingii Gilmore 1938
+
Invalid names: Proxestops gastrodon Bartels 1988 [synonym], Proxestops jepseni Gilmore 1942 [synonym], Proxestops jepsoni Gauthier 1982 [synonym]
G. †Sullivania Čerňanský et al. 2023
G. †Xestops Cope 1873
+
†Xestops savagei Smith and Gauthier 2013
†Xestops vagans Marsh 1872
+
Invalid names: Dimetopisaurus wyomingensis Hecht 1959 [synonym]
Invalid names: Dimetopisaurus Hecht 1959 [synonym], Oreosaurus Marsh 1872 [replaced]
Invalid names: Diacium quinquepedale Cope 1874 [nomen dubium], Placosaurinae Gervais [synonym]
Diagnosis
ReferenceDiagnosis
S. B. McDowell and C. M. Bogert 1954Head with numerous irregular polygonal osteoderms; frontal forming a fairly extensive orbital roof; osteoderms and lateral fold as in the Gerrhontinae.
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Environment: terrestrialsubf
Locomotion: actively mobilec
Life habit: ground dwellingsubf
Diet: insectivoref
Diet 2: carnivoref
Created: 2005-09-23 14:40:23
Modified: 2005-09-23 16:40:23
Source: subf = subfamily, f = family, c = class, subp = subphylum
References: Head 2005, Behler and King 1979, Carroll 1988, Hendy et al. 2009

Age range: base of the Judithian to the top of the MN 4 or 83.50000 to 15.97000 Ma

Collections (251 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Judithian83.5 - 70.6USA (Texas) Proxestops sp., Glyptosaurinae indet. (14489)
Late/Upper Campanian83.5 - 70.6USA (New Jersey) Glyptosaurinae indet. (14455)
Middle Campanian - Late/Upper Campanian83.5 - 70.6USA (Texas) Glyptosauridae indet. (68001 68003) Proxestops sp. (212186)
Puercan66.0 - 63.3USA (Montana) Glyptosaurinae indet. (14666)
Puercan66.0 - 63.3USA (Utah) Proxestops jepseni (14670)
Puercan66.0 - 63.3USA (New Mexico) Glyptosaurinae indet. (74556) Proxestops jepseni (14760 74555)
Torrejonian63.8 - 60.9USA (New Mexico) Glyptosaurinae indet. (14873) Proxestops jepseni (14865)
Torrejonian63.8 - 60.9USA (Utah) Proxestops jepseni (14830)
Torrejonian63.8 - 60.9USA (Wyoming) Glyptosaurinae indet. (14886) Peltosaurus jepseni (14912)
Torrejonian63.8 - 60.9USA (Montana) Proxestops silberlingi, Proxestops silberlingii (14906) Proxestops silberlingii (14913)
Tiffanian61.7 - 56.8USA (Wyoming) Glyptosaurinae indet. (14964 14989 232901) Peltosaurus jepseni (15049)
Thanetian59.2 - 56.0USA (South Carolina) Glyptosaurinae indet. (186974)
Clarkforkian56.2 - 54.9USA (Wyoming) Melanosaurus maximus (15089 15103 15104 15109 15122 15151 15152 15156 15171 15174 15189 15209) Xestops sp., Melanosaurus maximus (15082) Xestops vagans (15132 15159)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8Spain (Lleida) Glyptosaurinae indet., Glyptosaurini indet. (142031) Glyptosaurini indet. (187320)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8Belgium (Brabant) Placosaurus indet., Glyptosaurinae indet., Melanosaurini indet., Placosaurus ragei (35531)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8France (Oise) Placosaurus sp. (68174)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8France (Aude) Glyptosaurinae indet. (182641)
Sharamurunian56.0 - 37.71China (Henan) Placosaurus rugosus (42164)
Lostcabinian55.8 - 50.3USA (Wyoming) Xestops sp., Glyptosaurus donohoei (15917)
Lysitean - Lostcabinian55.8 - 50.3USA (Wyoming) Proxestops sp., Glyptosaurinae indet A, Glyptosaurinae indet B, G. osteoderms, Xestops savagei, Arpadosaurus sepulchralis, Glyptosaurus agmodon (15451)
Wasatchian55.8 - 50.3USA (California) Glyptosaurinae indet. (15674)
Wasatchian55.8 - 50.3USA (Colorado) Glyptosaurus sylvestris, Eoglyptosaurus donohoei (15652) Paraglyptosaurus princeps (15650)
Wasatchian55.8 - 50.3USA (New Mexico) Glyptosaurinae indet. (15449) Glyptosaurinae indet., Paraglyptosaurus yatkolai, Glyptosaurus obtusidens (15453) Paraglyptosaurus yatkolai (186898 186900 186901)
Wasatchian55.8 - 50.3USA (Wyoming) Arpadosaurus gazinorum (15662) Eoglyptosaurus donohoei (15454) Glyptosaurinae indet. (15531 15932 16055 59906 78708 181617 181619) Glyptosaurinae indet., Glyptosaurini indet. (181615) Glyptosaurinae indet., Glyptosaurini indet., Eoglyptosaurus donohoei, Glyptosaurus obtusidens (180111) Glyptosaurinae indet., Glyptosaurus sylvestris, Xestops vagans (27268) Glyptosaurini indet. (181616) Glyptosaurus donohoei (15904) Glyptosaurus obtusidens (180109) Glyptosaurus sp. (15525 15842 46699 232912 232917 232920) Glyptosaurus sylvestris (15670 232925) Melanosaurus maximus (15759 15760 15761 15771 15780 15830 15831 15833 15834 85438 179977 180118 180119) Melanosaurus sp. (15514 15573 15592 15687 15912 46641 46685 46728 46780) Melanosaurus sp., Proxestops sp. (46690) Paraglyptosaurus princeps (74619) Paraglyptosaurus sp. (15586 15589) Paraglyptosaurus sp., Melanosaurus maximus (15793) Proxestops sp. CG, G. CG, Gaultia silvaticus (15458) Proxestops sp., Glyptosaurinae indet A, Glyptosaurinae indet B, Xestops savagei (181313) Proxestops sp., Glyptosaurinae indet., Glyptosaurus rhodinos (15534) Xestops sp. (46644) Xestops sp., Glyptosaurinae indet. (226069) Xestops vagans (15665 15666 15667)
Wasatchian55.8 - 50.3USA (North Dakota) Xestops sp., Glyptosaurinae indet. (15895)
Early/Lower Eocene55.8 - 48.6Portugal (Região Centro) Melanosaurus sp., Glyptosaurinae indet., Melanosaurini indet., Glyptosaurini indet. (79200)
Early/Lower Eocene55.8 - 48.6France (southwestern France) Glyptosauridae indet. (230699)
Early/Lower Eocene55.8 - 48.6France (Var) Melanosaurini indet. (35538)
Early/Lower Eocene55.8 - 48.6USA (Wyoming) Glyptosaurus sp. (15690) Melanosaurus maximus (27350) Melanosaurus sp. (15681) Proxestops sp. (27351)
MP 1055.8 - 48.6France (Picardie) Placosauriops indet. (68440)
MP 1055.8 - 48.6Spain (Catalonia) Glyptosaurinae indet. (181618) Glyptosaurinae indet., Glyptosaurini indet. (182236)
MP 1055.8 - 48.6Spain (Huesca) Placosaurus sp. (187315)
MP 8 + 955.8 - 48.6France (Picardie) Glyptosaurinae indet., Melanosaurini indet. (84997)
Wasatchian - Bridgerian55.8 - 46.2USA (Wyoming) Xestops vagans (15669)
Wasatchian - Bridgerian55.8 - 46.2Canada (Northwest Territories) Glyptosaurinae indet. (15584)
Bridgerian50.3 - 46.2USA (Utah) Glyptosaurus sylvestris, Xestops vagans (16396)
Bridgerian50.3 - 46.2USA (Colorado) Glyptosaurinae indet. (232922) Glyptosaurinae indet., Glyptosaurus sylvestris, Paraglyptosaurus princeps, Eoglyptosaurus donohoei (16240) Glyptosaurus hillsi (16239) Glyptosaurus sp., Glyptosaurus hillsi (180105)
Bridgerian50.3 - 46.2USA (Wyoming) Glyptosaurinae indet., Glyptosaurus sylvestris, Xestops vagans (15837) Glyptosaurus sp. (16235 16395 16438 232898) Glyptosaurus sp., Xestops vagans (27269) Glyptosaurus sylvestris (16255 180521) Glyptosaurus sylvestris, Glyptosaurus nodosus, Glyptosaurus brevidens, Glyptosaurus princeps, Glyptosaurus rugosus, Paraglyptosaurus princeps, Oreosaurus vagans (16228) Glyptosaurus sylvestris, Xestops vagans (16270) Melanosaurus sp. (16287) Paraglyptosaurus princeps (16234 144593 180198) Xestops sp. (16432) Xestops sp., Dimetopisaurus wyomingensis (16244) Xestops vagans (16261 16262 16266 16269 16273 70257)
MP 1148.6 - 40.4Germany (Hessen) Placosauriops weigelti (22701)
Lutetian47.8 - 41.3France (Gard) Melanosaurini indet., Glyptosaurini indet. (59129)
Lutetian47.8 - 41.3France (Rhone) Glyptosaurinae indet. (151252)
Lutetian47.8 - 41.3Germany (Sachsen-Anhalt) Glyptosaurus sp., Placosaurus waltheri, Placosauroides abderhaldeni, Xestops weigelti (13322) Placosauriops weigelti (179236)
Middle Eocene47.8 - 37.71China (Nei Mongol) Glyptosaurus nodosus (174748) Placosaurus mongoliensis (176020)
Middle Eocene47.8 - 37.71USA (Wyoming) Glyptosaurus sp., Glyptosaurinae indet., Glyptosaurus princeps, Paraglyptosaurus princeps (118469) Glyptosaurus sphenodon, Oreosaurus lentus, Oreosaurus gracilis, Oreosaurus microdus, Oreosaurus minutus (81455) Glyptosaurus sylvestris (97759)
Early/Lower Uintan46.2 - 39.7USA (California) Glyptosaurinae indet. (16669 16673 16677 16678 16682 16697 16702 16705 16706 16707 16708 16709 16710 16711)
Late/Upper Uintan46.2 - 39.7USA (Texas) Glyptosaurinae indet. (16542 16614)
Late/Upper Uintan46.2 - 39.7USA (California) Glyptosaurinae indet. (167831)
Uintan46.2 - 39.7USA (Utah) Glyptosaurus sp. (16589 16657 185691 213066) Helodermoides sp. (16654 222799)
Bartonian41.3 - 38.0France (Nord-Pas-de-Calais-Picardie) Glyptosaurinae indet. (177581)
Bartonian41.3 - 38.0Spain (Castilla y Leon) Melanosaurini indet., Glyptosaurini indet. (40358)
Bartonian41.3 - 38.0France (Quercy, Midi-Pyrenees Region) Placosaurus sp. (12840)
Bartonian41.3 - 38.0France (Languedoc-Roussillon Region) Placosaurus sp. (31736 183350)
Priabonian38.0 - 33.9Spain (Catalonia) Glyptosaurinae indet., Glyptosaurini indet. (31751)
Priabonian38.0 - 33.9Switzerland Paraxestops stehlini (31743)
Priabonian38.0 - 33.9France (Quercy, Midi-Pyrenees region) Placosaurus sp. (12848 12853)
Priabonian38.0 - 33.9France (Quercy, Midi-Pyrenees Region) Placosaurus sp. (12841 12842 12843 12849 12852 12854 31764 31766) Placosaurus sp., Placosaurus rugosus (31745)
Priabonian38.0 - 33.9France (Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur Region) Placosaurus rugosus (31747)
Chadronian37.2 - 33.9USA (Nebraska) Glyptosaurus sp. (16917 16930 16941 17014 17033) Helodermoides tuberculatus (181603 181605 181614)
Chadronian37.2 - 33.9USA (Wyoming) Helodermoides tuberculatus (16920 16961 16963 16964 16971 181578 181579 181597 181598 181601 181602 181604 181608 181612 181613 232899 232921)
Chadronian37.2 - 33.9USA (Montana) Helodermoides tuberculatus (17010 181606 181607) Helodermoides tuberculatus, Glyptosaurus montanus (16990)
Chadronian37.2 - 33.9USA (North Dakota) Helodermoides sp. (16991)
Late/Upper Eocene37.2 - 33.9United Kingdom (England) Glyptosaurinae indet. (39236)
Late/Upper Eocene37.2 - 33.9France (Occitanie) Placosaurus sp. (183976)
Late/Upper Eocene37.2 - 33.9France (Quercy) Placosaurus sp., Placosaurus quercyi (12850)
MP 1837.2 - 33.9France (Quercy, Midi-Pyrenees Region) Placosaurus sp. (12851)
MP 1937.2 - 33.9France (Quercy, Midi-Pyrenees Region) Placosaurus sp. (12846)
Middle Chadronian - Late/Upper Chadronian37.2 - 33.9USA (Wyoming) Helodermoides sp. (27223)
Late/Upper Eocene - Early/Lower Miocene37.2 - 15.97France (Languedoc-Roussillon-Midi-Pyrénées) Placosaurus sp., Melanosaurini indet., Placosaurus rugosus (179194)
Orellan33.9 - 33.3USA (Wyoming) Glyptosaurus giganteus (180388) Helodermoides tuberculatus (125185)
Orellan33.9 - 33.3USA (Nebraska) Glyptosaurus giganteus (180112) Helodermoides tuberculatus (17203 179967)
Early/Lower Oligocene33.9 - 28.4Mongolia (Övörkhangai) Melanosaurini indet. (135790 201176)
Oligocene33.9 - 23.03USA (Colorado) Glyptosaurus sp. (180115)
MN 416.9 - 15.97Czech Republic (Karlovy Vary) Xestops sp. (138666)