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Arcinae

Bivalvia - Arcida - Arcidae

Synonyms
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1809Arcinae Lamarck
1904Arcinae Glenn p. 385
1943Arcinae Reinhart p. 14
1945Arcinae Gardner
1964Arcinae Hall, Jr. p. 87
1967Arcinae Olsson p. 6
1969Arcinae da Silva Forti p. 65
1977Arcinae Adegoke p. 218
1979Calloarcinae Scarlato and Starobogatov
1979Porteriinae Scarlato and Starobogatov
1980Arcinae Vokes p. 11
1982Arcinae Dockery p. 29
1983Arcinae Gliozzi and Malatesta p. 88
1983Arcinae Moore p. A31
1986Hawaiarcinae Noda
1987Arcinae Squires p. 55
1992Arcinae del Rio p. 13
1995Arcinae Pacaud and Le Renard p. 175
2000Arcinae Coan et al. p. 130
2001Arcinae Tiwari p. 148
2004Arcinae Spencer et al.
2010Arcinae Bouchet et al.
2010Arcinae Matsubara et al. p. 132
2011Arcinae Carter et al. p. 7
2021Arcinae Vermeij and Amano p. 43

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Protostomia
—Spiralia
superphylumLophotrochozoa
phylumMollusca
classBivalvia
—Eubivalvia
RankNameAuthor
subclassAutobranchia(Groblen 1894)
infraclassPteriomorphia(Beurlen 1944)
—OstreomorphiFerussac 1822
—ArcioniGray 1854
orderArcida(Stoliczka 1871)
superfamilyArcoidea(Lamarck 1809)
familyArcidaeLamarck 1809
subfamilyArcinaeLamarck 1809
subfamilyArcinaeLamarck 1809

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Subfm. Arcinae Lamarck 1809
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G. Acar Gray 1857 [miniature ark]
+
Acar bailyi Bartsch 1931
†Acar celleporacea Tate 1886
Acar congenita Smith 1885
Acar domingensis Lamarck 1819
+
Invalid names: Acar reticulata Gmelin 1792 [synonym]
†Acar lamellosa Deshayes 1858
Acar plicata Dillwyn 1817
Acar rostrae Berry 1954
Acar sandersonae Powell 1933
Arca (Acar) pusilla Sowerby 1833
†Barbatia (Acar) aspera Conrad 1854
†Barbatia (Acar) dentiens Cossmann and Peyrot 1912
Barbatia (Acar) gradata Broderip and Sowerby 1829
+
Invalid names: Acar panamensis Bartsch 1931 [synonym]
G. Arca Linnaeus 1758 [ark]
+
Subg. Arca (Arca) Linnaeus 1758
+
†Arca (Arca) accra Cox 1952
†Arca (Arca) filewiczi Squires 1991
†Arca (Arca) givensi Squires 1991
†Arca (Arca) gonzalesi Gliozzi and Malatesta 1983
†Arca (Arca) hawleyi Reinhart 1943
†Arca (Arca) kelirensis Martin 1916
†Arca (Arca) patagonica Ihering 1897
†Arca (Arca) petropolitana Stenzel and Krause 1957
†Arca (Arca) santamariensis Reinhart 1937
†Arca (Arca) sisquocensis Reinhart 1937
†Arca (Arca) subcalcarea Oostingh 1941
†Arca (Arca) suspecta Olsson 1964
†Arca (Arca) williamsoni Olsson 1967
†Arca (Arca) yaquensis Maury 1917
Subg. Arca (Byssoarca) Swainson 1833
+
Byssoarca zebra Swainson 1833
+
Invalid names: Arca occidentalis Philippi 1847 [synonym]
Subg. Arca (Fossularca) Cossmann 1887
+
Subg. †Fossularca (Fossularca) Cossmann 1887
†Fossularca africana Newton 1922
Subg. Arca (Litharca) Gray 1842
+
Subg. †Arca (Tosarca) Noda 1965
+
†Arca abrupta Forbes 1846
†Arca aldrichi Dall 1895
†Arca angusta Lamarck 1805
†Arca aquila Heilprin 1887
†Arca arcta Stoppani 1857
Arca augusta Lamarck 1805
†Arca aviculoides Stoppani 1857
†Arca azzarolae Stoppani 1865
†Arca bavarica Winckler 1861
†Arca bezanconi Cossmann 1887
†Arca biangula Lamarck 1805
†Arca blanfordi Newton 1905
Arca bouvieri Fischer 1874
†Arca brahminica Forbes 1846
†Arca budoensis Amano and Kurita 2020
Arca caelata Reeve 1844
†Arca camaronesia Ihering 1907
†Arca capulopsis Pritchard 1901
Arca cardiiformis Basterot 1825
†Arca cardioides Böhm 1891
Arca chemnitzi Philippi 1851
†Arca chevallieri Cossmann 1887
†Arca choffati Thurmann and Etallon 1863
†Arca cholana Spieker 1922
†Arca clarki Dickerson 1916
Arca clathrata Reeve 1844
Arca clathrata burnesi d'Archaic 1850
†Arca clellandi Forbes 1846
Arca cordata Benett 1831
†Arca coxi Dey 1961
†Arca cultrata Stoppani 1857
†Arca debilis Martin 1883
†Arca delandensis Mansfield 1939
Arca divaricata Sowerby 1833
†Arca douvillei Gemmellaro 1896
†Arca feddeni Vredenburg 1928
†Arca fuscoides Martin 1883
†Arca galei Wiedey 1928
†Arca geulemensis Vogel 1895
†Arca harrisi Sheldon 1916
Arca hispida Philippi 1849
Arca holmesii Kurtz 1860
†Arca imperialis Roemer 1836
†Arca incerta Martin 1883
†Arca interrupta Lamarck 1805
†Arca invalida Hanna 1924
+
Invalid names: Arca dalli Brown and Pilsbry 1913 [replaced]
†Arca japetica Forbes 1846
†Arca kannegieteri Icke 1907
†Arca koerti Böhm 1913
Arca koumaci Lutaenko and Maestrati 2007
Arca labiata Solander 1786
Arca lactea Linnaeus 1767
†Arca larkhanaensis d'Archaic 1850
†Arca lata Münster 1841
†Arca laudunensis Deshayes 1860
†Arca leopoliensis Alth 1850
Arca limula Conrad 1832
†Arca mcnairyensis Wade 1926
†Arca mekranica Vredenburg 1928
†Arca miliacea Cossmann 1887
†Arca minuata Deshayes 1858
†Arca nannodes Martin 1885
Arca navicularis Bruguière 1789
†Arca negata Cotton 1947
†Arca newtoni Vredenburg 1928
†Arca nitida Brocchi 1814
Arca noae Linnaeus 1758
†Arca noae biangulina d'Orbigny 1852
†Arca nuda Münster 1841
†Arca obeidi Abbass 1972
Arca ovata Gmelin 1791
Arca pacifica Sowerby 1833
†Arca pantheonensis Spieker 1922
†Arca paratina Dall 1898
†Arca paratina tampae Mansfield 1937
†Arca particularis del Rio 1992
†Arca peethensis d'Archaic 1850
†Arca perpectinata de Gregorio 1930
†Arca perradiata Astre 1934
†Arca prephina Woodring 1925
†Arca protracta Conrad 1848
†Arca pseudoantiquata Martin 1883
†Arca quadrilatera Lamarck 1805
†Arca radiata Sowerby 1840
†Arca rudis Stoppani 1865
†Arca salomonensis Gemmellaro 1896
†Arca sandbergeri Deshayes 1860
†Arca silverdalensis Kellum 1926
†Arca socialis Giebel 1856
†Arca spiekeri Olsson 1932
Arca squamosa Lamarck 1819
†Arca striatula Hislop 1859
†Arca stricklandi Tate 1870
†Arca subfiligrana d'Archaic and Haime 1853
†Arca sublata Thurmann and Etallon 1862
†Arca submultiformis Vredenburg 1928
†Arca sulcicosta Nyst 1836
Arca symphenacis Oliver and Chesney 1994
†Arca syracusensis Mayer 1868
†Arca tirolensis Broili 1904
†Arca tjidamarensis Martin 1879
Arca trapezia Deshayes 1839
†Arca uhligi Boehm 1881
†Arca valdensis Boussac 1911
†Arca valdiviana Grzybowski 1899
†Arca vanholsti Spieker 1922
†Arca vaughani Casey 1903
†Arca wagneriana Heilprin 1887
Arca zebra Swainson 1833
†Scapharca zorritensis Nelson 1870
Invalid names: Arcoptera Bittner 1895 [synonym], Navicula Blainville 1825 [synonym]
G. †Destacar Iredale 1936
+
G. Eonavicula Arkell 1929
+
†Arca (Eonavicula) bisulcata Kanjilal 1980
†Arca (Eonavicula) bogaerti Dartevelle and Freneix 1957
†Eonavicula gibbosa Rollier 1912
†Eonavicula minuta Sowerby 1824
G. †Epitrisis Iredale 1939
G. Lamarcka Vermeij and Amano 2021
+
†Arca (Arca) subprotracta Heilprin 1881
Lamarcka avellana Lamarck 1819
+
Invalid names: Arca arabica Philippi 1847 [synonym]
†Lamarcka bowdeniana Dall 1898
†Lamarcka emiliae Dollfus 1909
Lamarcka imbricata Bruguière 1789
+
†Arca umbonata paezensis Hodson et al. 1927
Invalid names: Arca americana d'Orbigny 1853 [synonym], Arca umbonata Lamarck 1819 [synonym]
Lamarcka mutabilis Sowerby 1833
†Lamarcka sakamizuensis Hatai and Nisiyama 1952
Lamarcka truncata Sowerby I 1833
†Lamarcka uedai Matsubara 2002
†Lamarcka ventricosa Lamarck 1819
†Lamarcka williamsi Olsson 1967
G. †Mimarcaria Iredale 1939
G. †Miratacar Iredale 1939
G. Nipponarca Habe 1951
+
G. †Opularca Iredale 1939
G. †Thronacar Iredale 1939
G. Trisidos Ršding 1798
+
Trisidos semitorta Lamarck 1819
Trisidos tortuosa Linnaeus 1758
+
Invalid names: Trisidos yongei Iredale 1939 [synonym]
Invalid names: Calloarcinae Scarlato and Starobogatov 1979 [synonym], Hawaiarcinae Noda 1986 [synonym], Porteriinae Scarlato and Starobogatov 1979 [synonym]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: aragonitef
Entire body: yesf
Adult length: 10 to < 100f
Adult width: 10 to < 100f
Adult height: 10 to < 100f
Thickness: intermediatef
Folds: minorf
Ribbing: majorf
Spines: nonef
Internal reinforcement: nonef
Ontogeny: accretionf
Environment: lagoonal, coastal, inner shelf, outer shelf, oceanic, brackish, freshwaterf
Locomotion: stationarysubf
Attached: yessubf
Life habit: epifaunalsubf
Diet: suspension feedersubf
Vision: limitedf
Comments: LIFE HISTORY: mostly EP, mostly SE, mostly BA, SU according to Todd (2001).subf
Created: 2009-08-18 18:09:02
Modified: 2009-08-18 20:09:02
Source: subf = subfamily, f = family
References: Hendy et al. 2009, Mikkelsen and Bieler 2008

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Wordian to the top of the Holocene or 266.90000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 264.28 Ma

Collections (1040 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Wordian266.9 - 264.28Italy Arca douvillei, Arca salomonensis (108672) Arca perpectinata (233340)
Wuchiapingian259.9 - 254.17Madagascar (Diana) Arca perradiata (81987)
Anisian247.2 - 242.0Germany (Hessen) Arca triasina (38545)
Illyrian247.2 - 242.0Bosnia and Herzegovina Arcoptera canaliculata (137002)
Middle Triassic247.2 - 237.0Germany (Sachsen-Anhalt) Arca triasina, Arca socialis (201970)
Longobardian242.0 - 235.0Italy (Trentino) Arca tirolensis, Arcoptera ampla, Arcoptera areata, Arcoptera lateareata, Arcoptera vixareata, Arcoptera schlosseri (44953)
Carnian237.0 - 228.0Italy (South Tyrol) Arcoptera arcuata (205147)
Late/Upper Triassic237.0 - 201.4Germany Arca bavarica (202142)
Late/Upper Triassic - Early/Lower Jurassic237.0 - 174.7Singapore Arca sp. (113863)
Julian235.0 - 232.0Italy Arca lata, Arca nuda (137429) Arcoptera elegantula (144634)
Norian228.0 - 208.5Peru Eonavicula inca (71784)
Rhaetian208.5 - 201.3Italy Arca cultrata (204951) Arca cultrata, Avicula aviculoides (204950) Mytilus arctus (204937)
Rhaetian208.5 - 201.3Italy (Lombardy) Arca cultrata, Arca azzarolae, Arca imperialis (38083) Avicula aviculoides (38118)
Early/Lower Jurassic201.4 - 174.7Mexico (Sonora) Arca sp. (39132)
Angulata201.3 - 196.5France (Lorraine) Arca pulla (53947)
Early/Lower Hettangian201.3 - 196.5France Arca sp. (39215)
Planorbis201.3 - 196.5France Arca sp. (39382)
Pliensbachian190.8 - 182.7United Kingdom (Gloucestershire) Cucullaea stricklandi (204121 204122)
Middle Toarcian - Early/Lower Aalenian182.0 - 171.6Iran Arca sp. (141254)
Early/Lower Aalenian - Late/Upper Aalenian175.6 - 171.6Iran Arca sp. (141261)