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Buccinidae (true whelk)

Gastropoda - Neogastropoda - Buccinidae

Taxonomy
Buccinidae was named by Rafinesque (1815) [m. kosnik taxon no: 5368]. It is extant.

It was assigned to Rachiglossa by Martin (1904); to Rachigdossa by Olsson (1931); to Gastropoda by Turner (1938); to Prosobranchiata by Harris and Palmer (1947); to Muricacea by Squires (1984); to Neogastropoda by Addicott (1970), Givens and Kennedy (1976), Vermeij (1997), Squires (1999), Squires and Saul (2000) and Wienrich (2001); to Buccinacea by Rivera (1957), Sohl (1964), Hickman (1980), Squires et al. (1989), Stilwell and Zinsmeister (1992), Chiesa et al. (1995) and Harzhauser (2002); to Muricoidea by Ponder and Warén (1988), Beesley (1998), Todd (2001), Squires and Saul (2001) and Squires and Saul (2003); and to Buccinoidea by Jeffery (2003), Stilwell et al. (2004), Harzhauser (2004), Bouchet et al. (2005), Squires and Saul (2006), Landau and Marques da Silva (2010), DeVries (2016), Amano and Oleinik (2016), Bouchet et al. (2017) and Schnetler et al. (2024).

Subtaxa
Accidenticulabrum, Aeneator, Agasoma, Aliofusus, Amarophos, Ancistrolepis, Antillophos, Aplus, Aquilofusus, Austrocominella, Austrofusus, Babylonia, Bailya, Beringiinae, Bolis, Brachysphingus, Buccininae, Buccinopsis (syn. Seminola), Buccinulum (syn. Evarne), Buccinum, Buccitriton, Burnupena, Caducifer, Cantharus, Chrysodomus, Clinopegma, Colinae, Colubraria (syn. Epidromus, Ratifusus, Cumia, Obex), Colus (syn. Tritonofusus), Cominella, Cymatophos, Cyrtochetus, Dipsaccus, Donovaniinae (syn. Lachesinae), Editharus, Egotistica, Engina, Enzinopsis, Eobuccinella, Euthrenopsis, Euthria, Gemophos, Hanetia, Hindsia, Iredalula, Janiopsis, Kaiparanura, Kergipenion, Khetella, Lacinia, Laevibuccinum, Latrunculus, Loochooia, Metaphos, Metula (syn. Antemetula), Misifulgur, Monoptygma, Monostiolum, Nassa, Nawenia, Neosconsia, Nicema, Northia, Odontobasis, Ornopsis, Pangoa, Paracominia, Parancistrolepidinae, Pareuthria, Parkeristoma, Parvisipho, Pegocomptus, Penion (syn. Austrosipho), Perunassa, Phos, Pisania (syn. Hilda), Pisaniinae (syn. Photinae), Pisaninae, Pomahakia, Proneptunea, Prosipho, Pseudofulgur, Pseudolivinae, Pseudoneptunea, Ptychosalpinx, Savatieria, Scalaspira, Searlesia, Siphonalia, Siphonaliinae, Siphonofusus, Stantonella, Suessionia (syn. Fusopsis), Suessonia, Tasmeuthria, Terebrifusus, Tritonidea, Trominina, Truncaria, Varicosipho, Volutopsiinae, Wrigleya, Zaglenum, Zelandiella

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1815Buccinidae Rafinesque
1904Buccinidae Martin p. 183
1931Buccinidae Olsson p. 99
1938Buccinidae Turner p. 77
1947Buccinidae Harris and Palmer p. 353
1957Buccinidae Rivera p. 181
1964Buccinidae Sohl p. 372
1970Buccinidae Addicott p. 94
1976Buccinidae Givens and Kennedy p. 970
1980Buccinidae Hickman p. 55
1984Buccinidae Squires p. 30
1988Buccinidae Ponder and Warén p. 305
1989Buccinidae Squires et al. p. 212
1992Buccinidae Stilwell and Zinsmeister p. 121
1995Buccinidae Chiesa et al. p. 56
1997Buccinidae Vermeij p. 47
1998Buccinidae Beesley p. 825
1999Buccinidae Squires p. 19
2000Buccinidae Squires and Saul p. 118
2001Buccinidae Squires and Saul p. 57
2001Buccinidae Todd
2001Buccinidae Wienrich p. 483
2002Buccinidae Harzhauser p. 99
2003Buccinidae Jeffery
2003Buccinidae Squires and Saul p. 152
2004Buccinidae Harzhauser p. 136
2004Buccinidae Stilwell et al. p. 38
2005Buccinidae Bouchet et al. p. 254
2006Buccinidae Squires and Saul p. 70
2010Buccinidae Landau and Marques da Silva p. 70
2016Buccinidae Amano and Oleinik p. 159
2016Buccinidae DeVries p. 103
2017Buccinidae Bouchet et al. p. 349
2024Buccinidae Schnetler et al. p. 16

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Protostomia
—Spiralia
superphylumLophotrochozoa
phylumMollusca
classGastropoda
RankNameAuthor
subclassCaenogastropoda(Cox 1959)
—Sorbeoconcha(Ponder and Lindberg 1997)
—Hypsogastropoda(Ponder and Lindberg 1997)
superorderLatrogastropodaRiedel 2000
orderNeogastropodaThiele 1929
superfamilyBuccinoidea(Rafinesque 1815)
familyBuccinidaeRafinesque 1815
familyBuccinidaeRafinesque 1815

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Fm. Buccinidae Rafinesque 1815 [true whelk]
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G. Accidenticulabrum Vermeij 2000
+
G. Aeneator Finlay 1926
+
Subg. Aeneator (Aeneator) Finlay 1926
+
G. †Agasoma Gabb 1869
+
Subg. †Agasoma (Trophosycon) Cooper 1894
†Agasoma acuminatum Anderson and Martin 1914
†Agasoma andersoni Wiedey 1928
+
Invalid names: Agasoma oregonense Anderson and Martin 1914 [replaced]
G. †Aliofusus Stephenson 1941
+
†Aliofusus stamineus Sohl 1964
G. †Amarophos Woodring 1964
+
†Amarophos bothrus Woodring 1964
†Amarophos dentalis Olsson 1922
G. Ancistrolepis Dall 1895
+
†Ancistrolepis carolineae Squires 1984
†Ancistrolepis clarki Tegland 1933
†Ancistrolepis landesi Tegland 1933
†Ancistrolepis packardi Durham 1944
G. Antillophos Woodring 1928
+
Subg. †Antillophos (Rhipophos) Woodring 1964
+
Antillophos candeanus d'Orbigny 1842
†Antillophos elegans Guppy 1866
†Antillophos estrellensis Olsson 1922
†Antillophos fictilis Maury 1934
†Antillophos pirabica Maury 1934
†Antillophos posunculensis Anderson and Martin 1914
+
Invalid names: Pleurotoma (Clathurella) dumblei Anderson 1905 [synonym]
†Antillophos woodringi Addicott 1970
G. Aplus De Gregorio 1884
G. †Aquilofusus Kautsky 1925
+
†Aquilofusus elegantulus Philippi 1843
†Aquilofusus waeli Nyst 1852
G. †Austrocominella Ihering 1907
+
G. Austrofusus Kobelt 1879
+
Subg. Austrofusus (Austrofusus) Kobelt 1879
Subg. Austrofusus (Ellicea) Finlay 1928
+
†Ellicea succinctus Tenison-Woods 1879
Austrofusus fontainei d'Orbigny 1841
G. Babylonia Schlüter 1838
+
Subg. Babylonia (Peridipsaccus) Rovereto 1900
+
Babylonia japonica Reeve 1842
†Babylonia kozaiensis Nomura 1939
†Babylonia pangkaensis Martin 1895
†Babylonia spirata Linnaeus 1758
Babylonia zeylanica Lamarck 1822
G. Bailya Smith 1944
+
Bailya intricata Dall 1884
Subfm. Beringiinae Golikov and Starobogatov 1975
+
G. †Beringion Habe and Ito 1965
G. Beringius Dall 1886
+
Subg. Beringius (Beringius) Dall 1886
+
G. †Neoberingius Habe and Ito 1965
G. †Bolis Gardner 1939
G. †Brachysphingus Gabb 1869
+
†Brachysphingus clarki Weaver 1912
†Brachysphingus gibbosus Nelson 1925
†Brachysphingus mammilatus Clark and Woodford 1927
+
Invalid names: Brachysphingus gabbi Stewart 1927 [synonym], Brachysphingus liratus Gabb 1864 [replaced]
Subfm. Buccininae Rafinesque 1815
+
Tr. †Ancistrolepidini Habe and Sato 1973
+
G. †Bathyancistrolepis Habe and Ito 1968
+
†Bathyancistrolepis mikasaensis Amano and Oleinik 2016
G. †Neancistrolepis Habe and Sato 1972
G. †Angistoma Sandberger 1861
G. †Austrobuccinum Stilwell and Zinsmeister 1992
+
†Austrobuccinum tuberosum Stilwell and Zinsmeister 1992
Tr. Colini Gray 1857
+
Invalid names: Neptuneinae Stimpson 1865 [invalid subgroup]
G. †Coptochetus Cossmann 1889
G. †Corneobuccinum Golikov and Gulbin 1977
G. †Eripachya Gabb 1869
+
†Eripachya jalama Squires and Saul 2003
†Eripachya ponderosa Gabb 1864
†Eripachya vaccina Saul and Popenoe 1993
G. †Euryochetus Cossmann 1896
G. †Exilioidea Grant and Gale 1931
+
Exilioidea rectirostris Carpenter 1864
G. Fax Iredale 1925
+
†Fax cominelloides Tate 1888
G. †Kapala Ponder 1982
Tr. Liomesini Fischer 1884
+
G. Liomesus Stimpson 1865
+
†Liomesus africanus Newton 1922
†Liomesus dalei Sowerby 1825
G. †Plicibuccinum Golikov and Gulbin 1977
G. †Pseudofax Finlay and Marwick 1937
+
†Pseudofax ordinarius Marshall 1917
†Pseudofax paucus Stilwell et al. 2004
†Pseudofax solitaria Chiesa et al. 1995
G. Pseudoliomesus Habe and Sato 1973
G. †Serratifusus Darragh 1969
+
G. †Strombinophos Pilsbry and Olsson 1941
+
†Strombinophos loripanus Pilsbry and Olsson 1941
†Strombinophos maxwelli Olsson and Harbison 1953
†Strombinophos mimicus Woodring 1964
†Strombinophos vadosus Gardner 1926
G. †Volutharpa Fisher 1855
Invalid names: Buccinini Rafinesque 1815 [empty], Buccinulini Finlay 1928 [empty]
G. †Buccinopsis Conrad 1857
+
†Buccinopsis crassa Wade 1917
†Buccinopsis solida Wade 1917
Invalid names: Seminola Wade 1918 [synonym]
G. Buccinulum Swainson 1837
+
Invalid names: Evarne Adams and Adams 1853 [synonym]
G. Buccinum Linnaeus 1758
+
Buccinum aciculatum Gmelin 1791
†Buccinum amoenum Conrad 1833
†Buccinum bistriatum Lamarck 1803
†Buccinum clavatulatum Lamarck 1803
Buccinum cyaneum Bruguière 1789
†Buccinum declive Wood 1879
†Buccinum decussatum Lamarck 1803
Buccinum digitale Dillwyn 1817
†Buccinum dubium Martin 1879
Buccinum finmarkianum Verkrüzen 1875
Buccinum glaciale Linnaeus 1761
†Buccinum humphreysianum Bennet 1825
†Buccinum jordani Hertlein 1925
†Buccinum junghuhni Martin 1879
Buccinum laevigatum Gmelin 1791
†Buccinum mississppiensis Conrad 1848
Buccinum modestum Powys 1835
†Buccinum nudum Wood 1879
Buccinum ochotense Middendorf 1848
Buccinum plectrum Stimpson 1865
Buccinum polare Gray 1839
+
Invalid names: Buccinum totteni Stimpson 1861 [synonym]
†Buccinum saundersi Martin 1914
Buccinum scalariforme Möller 1842
+
Invalid names: Buccinum tenue Gray 1839 [replaced]
†Buccinum striatulum Lamarck 1803
†Buccinum terebrale Lamarck 1803
Buccinum undatum Linnaeus 1758
†Buccinum vinculum Hall and Meek 1855
+
†Buccitriton sagenum Conrad 1833
+
Invalid names: Buccinum (Nassa) cancellatum Lea 1833 [synonym]
G. †Burnupena Iredale 1918
+
†Burnupena aestus Kensley and Pether 1986
†Burnupena rogersi Kensley and Pether 1986
G. †Caducifer Dall 1904
G. Cantharus Röding 1798
+
Subg. Cantharus (Cantharus) Röding 1798
Subg. Cantharus (Pollia) Sowerby 1843
+
†Pollia dickersoni Durham 1944
†Pollia huitra Olsson 1931
†Pollia purpuroides Olsson 1930
†Pollia sillapaytensis Olsson 1930
†Pollia suarezi Meunier and Gayet 1996
Subg. †Cantharus (Zeapollia) Finlay 1926
+
†Zeapollia brevis Tate 1888
†Zeapollia purpuroides Johnston 1879
†Cantharus andoi Matsubara et al. 2010
†Cantharus arnoldi Rivers 1904
†Cantharus ashleyi Carson 1925
†Cantharus breaensis Carson 1925
†Cantharus brongniartianus Orbigny 1850
†Cantharus bucklandi d'Archiac 1850
†Cantharus cowlitzensis Turner 1938
†Cantharus elsmerensis Carson 1925
†Cantharus erythrostoma Reeve 1849
†Cantharus gilberti Moody 1916
Cantharus lugubris Adams 1852
†Cantharus luliana Martin 1884
†Cantharus martiniana Noetling 1901
†Cantharus perrini Dickerson 1915
†Cantharus polygona Lamarck 1803
†Cantharus varicosus Tate 1888
G. †Chrysodomus Swainson 1840
+
†Chrysodomus andersoni Martin 1914
†Chrysodomus burroensis Nelson 1925
†Chrysodomus buwaldi Clark 1915
†Chrysodomus clallamensis Weaver 1912
†Chrysodomus coalingensis Nomland 1916
†Chrysodomus eurekaensis Martin 1914
†Chrysodomus hannibali Hertlein 1925
†Chrysodomus hawleyi Carson 1926
†Chrysodomus lawsoni Martin 1914
†Chrysodomus lincolnensis Weaver 1916
†Chrysodomus martini Dickerson 1913
†Chrysodomus pabloensis Clark 1915
†Chrysodomus packardi Weaver 1916
+
Invalid names: Chrysodomus packardi Nomland 1917 [replaced]
†Chrysodomus ruckmani Dickerson 1915
†Chrysodomus scotiaensis Martin 1914
†Chrysodomus stantoni Arnold 1908
G. Clinopegma Grant and Gale 1931
Subfm. Colinae Gray 1857
+
G. Plicifusus Dall 1902
+
Invalid names: Quasisipho Petrov 1982 [synonym]
G. Colubraria Schumacher 1817
+
Invalid names: Cumia Bivona-Bernardi 1838 [synonym], Epidromus Mörch 1852 [synonym], Obex Iredale 1925 [synonym], Ratifusus Iredale 1929 [synonym]
G. Colus Röding 1798
+
†Colus altus Wood 1874
†Colus arctatus Conrad 1855
Colus gracilis da Costa 1778
+
Invalid names: Fusus angustius Woodward 1842 [synonym]
Colus hollboelli Møller 1842
Colus islandicus Mohr 1786
†Colus precursor Hickman 1980
Colus pygmaeus Gould 1841
Colus rearensis Clark 1932
†Colus sekiuensis Kiel and Goedert 2007
Colus stimpsoni Mörch 1868
Invalid names: Tritonofusus Beck 1847 [synonym]
G. Cominella Gray 1850
+
Subg. Cominella (Cominella) Gray 1850
Subg. Cominella (Cominula) Finlay 1926
Subg. †Cominella (Procominula) Finlay 1926
†Cominella annandalei Vredenburg 1925
†Cominella clelandi Tate 1888
†Cominella colemani Anderson and Hanna 1925
†Cominella crassina Tate 1888
†Cominella douvillei Newton 1922
†Cominella eocenica Weaver 1912
†Cominella lecontei White 1889
Cominella maculosa Martyn 1784
†Cominella pertusa Tate 1888
†Cominella praecursor Wilckens 1907
†Cominella pumila Tate 1888
†Cominella retifera Martin 1933
†Cominella staufti Olsson 1928
†Cominella subfilicea Tate 1888
†Cominella supracostata Traub 1938
G. Cymatophos Pilsbry and Olsson 1941
+
†Cymatophos acolus Woodring 1964
†Cymatophos beteyensis Olsson 1922
Cymatophos crassus Hinds 1843
†Cymatophos galerus Pilsbry and Olsson 1941
†Cymatophos glareosus Jung 1971
†Cymatophos hodsoni Olsson 1932
†Cymatophos paraguanensis Hodson and Hodson 1931
†Cymatophos subsemicostatus Brown and Pilsbry 1911
†Cymatophos tuberaensis Anderson 1929
†Cymatophos turbacoensis Anderson 1929
†Cymatophos veatchi Olsson 1922
+
Invalid names: Phos (Phos) buchivacoensis Hodson 1931 [synonym]
†Cymatophos veatchi erymnus Woodring 1964
G. †Cyrtochetus Cossmann 1899
+
Subg. †Cyrtochetus (Cyrtochetus) Cossmann 1899
†Cyrtochetus bucciniformis Wilckens 1911
†Cyrtochetus chiraensis Olsson 1931
G. Dipsaccus Deshayes 1832
Subfm. †Donovaniinae Casey 1904
+
Invalid names: Lachesinae Bellardi 1877 [replaced]
G. †Editharus Vermeij 2001
+
†Editharus angulilabris Vermeij 2001
†Editharus berellensis de Laubrière and Carez 1880
†Editharus ditropis Bayan 1870
†Editharus dumasi Cossmann 1897
†Editharus labiatus Sowerby 1823
†Editharus marcellini Cossman 1902
†Editharus polygonus Lamarck 1803
†Editharus roncanus d'Orbigny 1850
+
Invalid names: Fusus rarispinatus Schauroth 1965 [synonym]
†Editharus vasseuri Cossmann 1897
G. †Egotistica Marwick 1934
+
†Egotistica scirrhoma Marwick 1934
G. Engina Gray 1839
+
†Engina armillata Reeve 1848
†Engina cantaurana Landau and Vermeij 2012
†Engina gigas Landau and Vermeij 2012
†Engina latior Landau and Vermeij 2012
†Engina moinensis Landau and Vermeij 2012
Engina strongi Pilsbry and Lowe 1932
Engina turbinella Kiener 1836
G. Enzinopsis Iredale 1940
+
Enzinopsis menkeana Dunker 1860
G. †Eobuccinella Stilwell and Zinsmeister 1992
+
†Eobuccinella brucei Stilwell and Zinsmeister 1992
G. Euthrenopsis Powell 1929
G. Euthria Gray 1850
+
Subg. Euthria (Euthria) Gray 1850
G. Gemophos Olsson and Harbison 1953
+
Gemophos tinctus Conrad 1846
G. Hanetia Jousseaume 1880
+
†Hanetia boggsi Pilsbry and Olsson 1941
†Hanetia cymioides Pilsbry and Olsson 1941
†Hanetia dalli Brown and Pilsbry 1911
+
Invalid names: Coralliophila gatunensis Toula 1911 [synonym], Coralliophila incerta Toula 1911 [synonym]
†Hanetia dalli protera Woodring 1964
†Hanetia ecuadorensis Pilsbry and Olsson 1941
†Hanetia mengeana Dall 1890
G. Hindsia Adams 1853
+
Subg. Hindsia (Nihonophos) MacNeil 1960
+
†Hindsia granosa Sowerby 1840
†Hindsia mekranica Vredenburg 1925
†Hindsia neastriatula Noetling 1901
†Hindsia pardalis Noetling 1895
Hindsia varicifera Adams 1853
G. Iredalula Finlay 1926
+
Iredalula venusta Powell 1934
G. †Janiopsis Rovereto 1899
+
†Janiopsis californiensis Palmer 1923
†Janiopsis ewekoroensis Adegoke 1977
†Janiopsis nigeriensis Newton 1922
†Janiopsis sanmarcoensis Givens and Kennedy 1976
G. †Kaiparanura Laws 1944
G. †Kergipenion Fletcher 1938
+
†Kergipenion dubia Fletcher 1938
G. †Khetella Beisel 1977
+
†Khetella trautscholdi Blagovetshenskiy and Shumilkin 2006
G. †Lacinia Conrad 1833
+
†Lacinia alveata Conrad 1833
†Lacinia claibornensis Palmer 1937
†Lacinia dubia Merriam and Turner 1937
†Lacinia minbuensis Vredenburg 1921
G. †Laevibuccinum Conrad 1865
G. Latrunculus Gray 1847
G. Loochooia MacNeil 1960
G. Metaphos Olsson 1964
G. Metula Adams and Adams 1853
+
Subg. Metula (Metula) Adams and Adams 1853
Metula amosi Vanatta 1913
†Metula brazosensis Johnson 1899
†Metula cancellata Gabb 1873
†Metula gabbi Brown and Pilsbry 1911
†Metula gentilicia Harris and Palmer 1947
†Metula gracilis Johnson 1899
†Metula harrisi Dickerson 1916
†Metula harrisi Olsson 1922
Metula hindsii Adams and Adams 1853
†Metula johnsoni Vaughan 1896
†Metula limonensis Olsson 1922
†Metula martini Vredenburg 1925
†Metula peruviana Olsson 1931
†Metula roberti Olsson 1967
†Metula subgracilis Johnson 1899
†Metula taylorensis Mansfield 1940
Invalid names: Antemetula Rehder 1943 [synonym]
G. †Misifulgur DeVries 2016
+
†Misifulgur dockeryi DeVries 2016
†Misifulgur macneili DeVries 2016
†Misifulgur montemarensis DeVries 2016
G. †Monoptygma Lea 1833
G. Monostiolum Dall 1904
+
†Monostiolum petiti Olsson 1967
†Monostiolum thomasi Olsson 1967
G. Nassa Röding 1798
+
Subg. †Nassa (Eione) Risso 1826
Subg. Nassa (Hebra) Adams and A. 1853
+
Nassa (Hebra) bonneti Cossmann 1901
+
†Nassa (Telasco) falconeri d'Archiac and Haime 1850
†Nassa (Telasco) mekranica Vredenburg 1925
†Nassa calvertensis Martin 1904
†Nassa cara Pilsbry and Olsson 1941
†Nassa columbelloides Basterot 1825
†Nassa crassigranosa Tate 1888
†Nassa fueguina Steinmann and Wilckens 1908
†Nassa greensboroensis Martin 1904
†Nassa gubernatoria Martin 1904
†Nassa marylandica Martin 1904
†Nassa microstoma Wood 1842
†Nassa miser Dall 1908
Nassa monensis Forbes 1842
†Nassa pacis Pilsbry and Olsson 1941
†Nassa packardi Weaver 1912
†Nassa palta Pilsbry and Olsson 1941
†Nassa peraltoides Martin 1904
Nassa plicatella Adams 1852
†Nassa reussi Martin 1879
†Nassa socialis Hutton 1886
†Nassa sublirella Tate 1888
†Nassa tinosa Pilsbry and Olsson 1941
G. †Nawenia Ladd 1977
+
†Nawenia bartholomewi Ladd 1977
G. †Neosconsia Olsson 1964
+
†Neosconsia ecuadoriana Olsson 1964
G. †Nicema Woodring 1964
+
†Nicema amara Woodring 1964
†Nicema guttifera Grzybowski 1899
†Nicema predistorta Marks 1951
G. Northia Gray 1847
+
†Northia miocenica Olsson 1922
Northia northiae Gray in Griffith & Pidgeon 1833
G. †Odontobasis Meek 1876
+
†Odontobasis australis Wade 1926
†Odontobasis sulcata Sohl 1964
G. †Ornopsis Wade 1916
+
†Ornopsis dysis Squires and Saul 2006
G. †Pangoa Marwick 1931
+
†Pangoa mira Marwick 1931
G. †Paracominia Powell and Bartrum 1929
Subfm. †Parancistrolepidinae Habe and Sato 1972
+
G. †Parancistrolepis Azum 1965
G. Pareuthria Strebel 1905
G. †Parkeristoma Adegoke 1977
+
†Parkeristoma guineensis Adegoke 1977
†Parkeristoma reymenti Adegoke 1977
G. †Parvisipho Cossmann 1889
+
†Parvisipho meganosensis Clark and Woodford 1927
G. †Pegocomptus Zinsmeister 1983
+
†Pegocomptus howardi Dickerson 1914
G. Penion Fischer 1884
+
†Penion bellus Conrad 1833
†Penion darwinianus Philippi 1887
†Penion delabechii Lea 1833
†Penion marwicki Finlay 1930
†Verconella bella leai Palmer 1937
Invalid names: Austrosipho Cossmann 1906 [synonym]
G. †Perunassa Olsson 1932
+
†Nassa (Perunassa) ecuadoriana Pilsbry and Olsson 1941
G. Phos Monfort 1810
+
Subg. †Phos (Coraeophos) Makiyama 1936
Subg. Phos (Phos) Montfort 1810
†Phos acuminatus Martin 1879
†Phos albirupina Harris 1894
†Phos bellaliratus Gabb 1861
†Phos bullbrooki Mansfield 1925
†Phos dumbleana Hanna 1924
†Phos gabbii Dall 1896
†Phos gregsoni Tate 1888
†Phos guppyi Gabb 1873
†Phos haughti Marks 1951
†Phos hoernesi Semper 1861
†Phos latirugatus Spieker 1922
†Phos lyraecostatus Tenison-Woods 1876
†Phos senticosus Linnaeus 1758
†Phos sloani Garder 1919
†Phos sloani floridanus Mansfield 1930
†Phos tardicrescens Tate 1888
†Phos thayerae Smith 1936
†Phos trinitatensis Mansfield 1925
†Phos tuberculatus Tate 1888
†Phos vaughani Mansfield 1930
G. Pisania Bivona-Bernardi 1832
+
†Pisania rostrata Tate 1888
†Pisania semicostata Tate 1888
†Pisania transsylvanica Hoernes and Auinger 1884
Invalid names: Hilda Hoernes and Auinger 1884 [synonym]
Subfm. †Pisaniinae Gray 1857
+
G. †Ameranna Landau and Vermeij 2012
+
†Ameranna minuscula Landau and Vermeij 2012
†Ameranna primitiva Landau and Vermeij 2012
G. †Anna Risso 1826
+
†Anna massena Risso 1826
G. Chauvetia Monterosato 1884
G. †Eopreangeria Banerjee and Halder 2024
+
†Eopreangeria mangrolensis Banerjee and Halder 2024
G. Hesperisternia Gardner 1944
+
+
Invalid names: Nassaria brevis Gabb 1873 [synonym]
Hesperisternia karinae Nowell-Usticke 1959
+
Invalid names: Cantharus dadeensis Petuch 1994 [synonym], Cantharus joelshugari Petuch 1994 [synonym]
†Hesperisternia scissus Olsson 1964
†Hesperisternia tortugera Olsson 1922
†Hesperisternia waltonia Gardner 1944
G. †Ickarus Vermeij 2001
G. †Preangeria Martin 1921
+
†Preangeria angsanana Martin 1921
Invalid names: Acantinella Shuto 1969 [synonym]
G. †Solenosteira Dall 1890
+
Subg. †Solenosteira (Fusinosteira) Olsson 1932
+
+
Invalid names: Solenosteira hasletti Anderson 1929 [synonym]
Subg. †Solenosteira (Solenosteira) Dall 1890
+
+
Invalid names: Solenosteira semiglobosa Guppy 1911 [synonym]
†Solenosteira angelensis Carson 1925
+
Invalid names: Gemophos lymani Smith 1936 [synonym]
†Solenosteira merriami Loel and Corey 1932
†Solenosteira vaughani Dall 1903
†Solenosteira venturana Loel and Corey 1932
Invalid names: Photinae Gray 1857 [synonym]
G. †Pomahakia Finlay 1927
+
†Pomahakia aberrans Finlay 1927
G. †Proneptunea Thiele 1912
+
G. Prosipho Thiele 1912
G. †Pseudofulgur MacNeil and Dockery 1984
Subfm. Pseudolivinae Cossmann 1901
+
G. †Austrosphaera Camacho 1949
+
Invalid names: Seymourosphaera Oleinik and Zinsmeister 1996 [synonym]
G. †Benthobia Dall 1889
+
Invalid names: Nux Barnard 1960 [synonym]
G. Dorsanum Gray 1847
+
Subg. Dorsanum (Dorsanum) Gray 1847
†Dorsanum lagunitensis Woods 1922
†Dorsanum parinense Olsson 1928
†Dorsanum plicatum Grateloup 1847
†Dorsanum politum Lamarck 1822
†Dorsanum scalatum Heilprin 1891
G. †Fulmentum Fischer 1884
+
Invalid names: Sylvanocochlis Melvill 1903 [synonym]
G. †Hubachia Etayo-Serna 1979
+
†Hubachia ramirolobae Etayo-Serna 1979
G. †Hydrotribulus Wade 1916
+
†Hydrotribulus elegans Sohl 1964
†Hydrotribulus nodosus Wade 1916
G. †Luizia Douvillé 1933
G. †Naudoliva Kilburn 1989
G. †Popenoeum Squires et al. 1989
+
†Popenoeum brevis Doncieux 1908
†Popenoeum briarti Vincent 1928
†Popenoeum chavani Glibert 1973
†Popenoeum lacunosum Pacaud and Schnetler 1999
+
Invalid names: Pseudoliva robusta Briart et al. 1970 [synonym]
†Popenoeum maritimus Squires et al. 1989
†Popenoeum maritimus bajaensis Squires et al. 1989
†Popenoeum mutabilis Woods 1922
+
†Popenoeum prima Defrance 1827
†Popenoeum scalina Heilprin 1881
†Popenoeum subcostata Stoliczka 1867
G. Pseudoliva Swainson 1840
+
Subg. †Pseudoliva (Fusopsis) Ravn 1939
†Pseudoliva adelkei Adegoke 1977
†Pseudoliva binodosa Traub 1938
†Pseudoliva coronaria Olsson 1930
†Pseudoliva elegans Hislop 1859
†Pseudoliva funkeana Adegoke 1977
+
†Pseudoliva guppyi Mansfield 1925
†Pseudoliva inornata Dickerson 1915
†Pseudoliva laudunensis Defrance 1826
†Pseudoliva leutweini Bohm 1926
†Pseudoliva lutulenta Kensley and Pether 1986
†Pseudoliva modesta Olsson 1928
†Pseudoliva monilis Olsson 1928
†Pseudoliva packardi Van Winkle 1918
†Pseudoliva perspectiva Conrad 1860
†Pseudoliva praetermissa Pacaud and Schnetler 1999
†Pseudoliva reticulata Waring 1914
†Pseudoliva rogersi Adegoke 1977
†Pseudoliva serrata Traub 1938
†Pseudoliva thielei Bohm 1926
†Pseudoliva tuberculifera Conrad 1860
†Pseudoliva umpquaensis Turner 1938
†Pseudoliva unicarinata Aldrich 1886
†Pseudoliva vetusta Conrad 1833
+
†Pseudoliva vetusta forma Conrad 1833
G. †Ptychosyca Gabb 1877
+
†Ptychosyca inornata Gabb 1876
G. †Strepsidura Swainson 1840
+
Subg. †Strepsidura (Eamesidura) Adegoke 1977
+
†Strepsidura cossmanni Vredenburg 1923
†Strepsidura diabloensis Clark and Woodford 1927
†Strepsidura ficus Gabb 1864
†Strepsidura gracilis Riedel 1933
†Strepsidura howardi Dickerson 1916
†Strepsidura kerstingi Oppenheim 1915
†Strepsidura pachecoensis Stanton 1896
†Strepsidura pacifica Woods 1922
†Strepsidura polaris Stilwell et al. 2004
†Strepsidura reticulata Banerjee and Halder 2024
†Strepsidura spirata Newton 1922
Fm. †Strepturidae Cossmann 1901
+
G. Melapium Adams and A. 1853
+
†Melapium hawthornei Kensley and Pether 1986
G. †Sulcoliva Vermeij 1998
G. Zemira Adams and A. 1853
+
†Zemira praecursoria Tate 1888
Invalid names: Eburnopsis Tate 1889 [synonym]
G. Pseudoneptunea Kobelt 1882
+
†Pseudoneptunea burgasensis Karagyuleva 1964
†Pseudoneptunea costellata Grateloup 1847
†Pseudoneptunea curta Sowerby 1818
G. †Ptychosalpinx Gill 1867
+
†Ptychosalpinx altilis Conrad 1832
†Ptychosalpinx lienosa Conrad 1843
†Ptychosalpinx pustulosus Petuch 1988
G. Savatieria Rochebrune and Mabille 1885
+
Savatieria frigida Rochebrune and Mabille 1885
G. †Scalaspira Conrad 1862
+
Subg. †Scalaspira (Scalaspira) Conrad 1862
+
†Scalaspira strumosa Conrad 1832
†Scalaspira vokesae Petuch 1988
G. Searlesia Harmer 1914
+
†Searlesia carlsoni Anderson and Martin 1914
†Searlesia dentifera Vermeij 1991
+
Invalid names: Searlesia ravni Schnetler and Beyer 1990 [synonym]
†Searlesia dira Reeve 1846
†Searlesia dira miocenica Etherington 1931
†Searlesia mitgaui von Koenen 1867
Searlesia modesta Gould 1860
+
Invalid names: Searlesia fuscolabiata Smith 1874 [synonym]
†Searlesia olympicensis Durham 1944
Invalid names: Chrysodomus dirus meridiei Moody 1916 [invalid subgroup]
G. Siphonalia Adams 1863
+
Subg. Siphonalia (Kelletia) Fischer 1884
+
Subg. Kelletia (Kelletia) Fischer 1884
Kelletia dilatata Quoy and Gaimard 1834
†Kelletia ecuadorium Olsson 1964
Kelletia kelletii Forbes 1852
†Kelletia lorata Addicott 1970
†Kelletia posoensis Anderson and Martin 1914
†Kelletia rugosa Olsson 1964
†Kelletia vladimiri Kanakoff 1954
†Siphonalia (Kelletia) merriami Wagner and Schilling 1923
Subg. †Siphonalia (Siphonalia) Adams 1863
†Siphonalia acuta Rivera 1957
†Siphonalia ariejansseni Schnetler 2001
†Siphonalia belenensis Olsson 1931
†Siphonalia bryani Adegoke 1977
†Siphonalia calvertana Martin 1904
†Siphonalia cotteri Vredenburg 1923
†Siphonalia devexus Conrad 1843
†Siphonalia guineensis Adegoke 1977
†Siphonalia hadlockensis Durham 1944
†Siphonalia ishikariana Oyama and Mizuno 1958
†Siphonalia jacksonia Harris 1896
†Siphonalia johnsoni Richards 1947
†Siphonalia kalpanae Banerjee and Halder 2024
†Siphonalia lineata Stanton 1896
†Siphonalia nigeriensis Adegoke 1977
†Siphonalia nipponica Oyama and Mizuno 1958
†Siphonalia nuntia Olsson 1930
†Siphonalia packi Dickerson 1917
†Siphonalia paradoxica Jenkins 1864
+
†Siphonalia phosoidea Hanna and Israelsky 1925
†Siphonalia pritilatae Banerjee and Halder 2024
†Siphonalia roblini Tenison-Woods 1876
†Siphonalia rodeoensis Trask 1922
†Siphonalia sakakurai Mizuno 1954
†Siphonalia shojii Hirayama 1956
Siphonalia signa Reeve 1846
†Siphonalia spatiosa Tate 1888
†Siphonalia sullivani Harris and Palmer 1947
†Siphonalia sullivani ouachitae Harris and Palmer 1947
†Siphonalia teglandae Durham 1944
†Siphonalia tessaria Olsson 1931
†Siphonalia trilica Rivera 1957
†Siphonalia vistaensis Givens and Kennedy 1976
Subfm. Siphonaliinae Finlay 1928
+
G. †Berylsma Iredale 1924
G. Verconella Iredale 1914
+
†Verconella penrosei Harris and Palmer 1947
G. †Siphonofusus Kuroda 1952
G. †Stantonella Wade 1926
+
†Stantonella interrupta Conrad 1858
†Stantonella ripleyana Conrad 1860
†Stantonella subnodosa Wade 1926
G. †Suessionia Cossmann 1889
+
†Suessionia canalifera Ravn 1939
Invalid names: Fusopsis Ravn 1939 [synonym]
G. †Suessonia Cossmann 1889
+
†Suessonia invavica Traub 1979
G. †Tasmeuthria Iredale 1925
+
†Tasmeuthria arenicola Darragh 2017
G. †Terebrifusus Conrad 1865
+
†Terebrifusus amoenus Conrad 1833
†Terebrifusus howei Hanna 1927
†Terebrifusus lepus Olsson 1930
†Terebrifusus placitus Olsson 1930
G. †Tritonidea Sowerby 1842
+
†Tritonidea africana Adegoke 1977
†Tritonidea borcherti Ihering 1907
†Tritonidea conoidea Traub 1938
†Tritonidea heptagona Vredenburg 1923
†Tritonidea ickei Martin 1914
†Tritonidea kreyenhageni Arnold 1909
†Tritonidea praeundosa Vredenburg 1923
†Tritonidea promensis Vredenburg 1923
G. †Trominina Oyama and Mizuno 1958
+
†Trominina angasiana Yokoyama 1932
†Trominina bicordata Hatai and Matsui 1951
†Trominina ezoana Takeda 1953
†Trominina hokkaidoensis Hayasaka and Uozumi 1951
†Trominina ishikariensis Hayasaka and Matsui 1951
†Trominina japonica Takeda 1953
†Trominina onnaica Yokoyama 1932
†Trominina umbelliformis Hayasaka and Uozumi 1954
G. Truncaria Adams and Reeve 1848
+
†Varicosipho asperulus Tate 1888
†Varicosipho labrosus Tate 1888
†Varicosipho styliformis Tenison-Woods 1879
Subfm. Volutopsiinae Habe and Sato 1972
+
G. †Habevolutopsius Kantor 1983
G. †Lussivolutopsius Kantor 1983
G. Volutopsius Mörch 1857
+
†Volutopsius eurekaensis Martin 1914
G. †Wrigleya Glibert 1963
+
†Wrigleya crebrilinea Wright 1927
†Wrigleya transversaria Wrigley 1925
G. †Zaglenum Squires and Saul 2001
+
†Zaglenum lomaensis Squires and Saul 2001
†Zaglenum pentzensis Squires and Saul 2001
G. †Zelandiella Finlay 1926
+
†Zelandiella nodosa Hutton 1877
†Zelandiella propenodosa Bartrum 1919
+
Invalid names: Siphonalia kaawaensis Bartrum 1919 [synonym]
Invalid names: Pisaninae [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: aragonitec
Locomotion: actively mobilef
Life habit: epifaunalf
Diet: carnivoref
Vision: limitedc
Comments: LIFE HISTORY: Predatory carnivores according to Todd (2001).f
Created: 2009-09-10 08:10:04
Modified: 2009-09-10 10:10:04
Source: f = family, c = class
References: Hendy et al. 2009, Kiessling 2004

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Kimmeridgian to the top of the Holocene or 157.30000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 152.1 Ma

Collections (2464 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Oxfordian - Tithonian163.5 - 145.0Russian Federation Khetella sp. (66574)
Kimmeridgian157.3 - 152.1Russian Federation Khetella bojarkae (66573)
Tithonian152.1 - 145.0United Kingdom (England) Buccinum naticoideum (100654)
Valanginian139.8 - 132.9Switzerland Buccinum sp. (2247)
Late/Upper Hauterivian136.4 - 130.0Russian Federation (Ulyanovsk) Khetella glasunovi (214819)
Hauterivian132.9 - 129.4Russian Federation Khetella sp. nov. (177873 177874 177876) Khetella trautscholdi (62245)
Late/Upper Albian - Cenomanian105.3 - 93.9Madagascar Neptunea paupercula (98219)
Late/Upper Albian - Early/Lower Turonian105.3 - 89.3USA (California) Cantharus occidentalis (215757)
Cenomanian100.5 - 93.9USA (New Jersey) Aliofusus sayri (6649)
Cenomanian100.5 - 93.9USA (Texas) Aliofusus balaniformis (4641)
Late/Upper Cretaceous100.5 - 66.0Argentina (San Luis) Cominella praecursor (235482)
Late/Upper Cretaceous100.5 - 66.0Argentina (Santa Cruz) Cominella praecursor (235519)
Early/Lower Cenomanian99.6 - 93.5USA (California) Cantharus occidentalis (1799 1803 1804 1805 1806 1807 1808 1809 1810)
Turonian93.9 - 89.8USA (California) Cantharus occidentalis (185409) Eripachya vaccina (215285 220298)
Coniacian89.8 - 86.3USA (California) Neptunea ponderosa (44232)
Coniacian89.8 - 86.3Cameroon Strepsidura gracilis (177976 209692)
Campanian83.6 - 72.1USA (South Dakota) Buccinum vinculum (235524)
Campanian83.6 - 72.1USA (North Carolina) Buccinopsis globosa (7620) Buccinopsis sp. (7619 7626) Ornopsis sp. (7610)
Early/Lower Campanian83.5 - 70.6USA (California) Zaglenum pentzensis (3890)
Early/Lower Campanian83.5 - 70.6Canada (Alberta) Cantharus sp. (82654)