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Cypraeinae

Gastropoda - Cypraeidae

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1815Cypraeinae Rafinesque
1960Cypraeinae MacNeil p. 49
1983Cypraeinae Gliozzi and Malatesta p. 103
1984Cypraeinae Squires p. 23
1993Cypraeinae Wilson p. 174
2002Cypraeinae Harzhauser p. 87
2004Cypraeinae Dolin and Lozouet p. 19
2005Cypraeinae Bouchet et al. p. 250
2011Cypraeinae Landau and Groves p. 2
2017Cypraeinae Bouchet et al. p. 347

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Protostomia
—Spiralia
superphylumLophotrochozoa
phylumMollusca
classGastropoda
RankNameAuthor
subclassCaenogastropoda(Cox 1959)
—Sorbeoconcha(Ponder and Lindberg 1997)
—Hypsogastropoda(Ponder and Lindberg 1997)
superorderLatrogastropodaRiedel 2000
superfamilyCypraeoidea(Rafinesque 1815)
familyCypraeidaeRafinesque 1815
subfamilyCypraeinaeRafinesque 1815
subfamilyCypraeinaeRafinesque 1815

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Subfm. Cypraeinae Rafinesque 1815
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G. Cypraea Linnaeus 1758 [cowry]
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Subg. †Cypraea (Austrocypraea) Cossmann 1903
Subg. †Cypraea (Bernayia) Jousseaume 1884
Subg. †Cypraea (Conocypraea) Oppenheim 1901
Subg. Cypraea (Cribrarula) Strand 1929
Subg. Cypraea (Cypraea) Linnaeus 1758
Subg. †Cypraea (Cypropterina) De Gregorio 1880
Subg. †Cypraea (Luponia) Gray 1837
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Subg. Cypraea (Notocypraea) Schilder 1927
†Cypraea boucheti Dolin and Lozouet 2004
†Cypraea fenestratis Conrad 1854
†Cypraea ohiroi Masuda 1967
Cypraea pantherina Solander 1786
†Cypraea pediculus Lamarck 1802
†Cypraea pennae White 1887
†Cypraea problematica Heilprin 1886
†Cypraea sulcosa Lamarck 1802
Cypraea tigris Linnaeus 1758
Eratotrivia crenata Deshayes 1835
+
Invalid names: Eratotrivia crenularis Oppenheim 1901 [synonym]
Invalid names: Cypraea flaveola Linnaeus 1758 [nomen dubium], Pantherinaria Sacco 1890 [synonym], Vulgusella Jousseaume 1884 [objective synonym]
G. †Jousseaumea Sacco 1894
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†Jousseaumea diluviana Gray 1824
†Jousseaumea grateloupi d'Orbigny 1852
†Jousseaumea joossi Schilder 1939
†Jousseaumea sublyncoides d'Orbigny 1852
+
Invalid names: Cypraea lyncoides Grateloup 1845 [replaced]
G. Leporicypraea Iredale 1930
G. Macrocypraea Woodring 1957
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Macrocypraea cervus Linnaeus 1771
†Macrocypraea joanneae Petuch 2004
†Macrocypraea veintensis Perrilliat et al. 2003
Macrocypraea zebra Linnaeus 1758
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Invalid names: Cypraea exanthema Linnaeus 1767 [synonym]
G. Mauritia Troschel 1863
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Subg. †Mauritia (Mauritia) Troschel 1863
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†Mauritia (Mauritia) uzestensis Dolin and Lozouet 2004
Mauritia arabica Linnaeus 1758
Mauritia eglantina Duclos 1833
Mauritia grayana Schilder 1930
Mauritia maculifera Schilder 1932
Mauritia mauritiana Linnaeus 1758
Mauritia scurra Gmelin 1791
Invalid names: Arabica Jousseaume 1884 [synonym]
G. †Muracypraea Woodring 1957
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†Muracypraea andersoni Ingram 1947
†Muracypraea angustirima Spieker 1922
†Muracypraea cayapa Pilsbry and Olsson 1941
†Muracypraea grahami Ingram 1947
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Invalid names: Cypraea rugosa Ingram 1947 [synonym]
†Muracypraea henekeni Sowerby 1850
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Invalid names: Siphocypraea quagga Schilder 1939 [synonym]
†Muracypraea hyaena Schilder 1939
†Muracypraea isthmica Schilder 1927
Muracypraea mus Linnaeus 1758
+
Invalid names: Barycypraea ovum Roding 1798 [synonym]
†Muracypraea ormenoi DeVries et al. 2006
†Muracypraea projecta Ingram 1947
†Muracypraea tuberae Ingram 1947
†Muracypraea woodringi Landau and Groves 2011
G. †Plaziatia Dolin and Lozouet 2004
+
†Plaziatia amandula Dolin and Lozouet 2004
†Plaziatia estotiensis Dolin and Lozouet 2004
†Plaziatia parasigmapertura Dolin and Lozouet 2004
Plaziatia subglobosa Grateloup 1846
G. †Praerosaria Dolin and Lozouet 2004
+
†Praerosaria amoenacea Dolin and Lozouet 2004
†Praerosaria biacuta Dolin and Lozouet 2004
†Praerosaria charlenae Dolin and Lozouet 2004
†Praerosaria espibosensis Dolin and Lozouet 2004
†Praerosaria exflaveola Sacco 1894
†Praerosaria herosae Dolin and Lozouet 2004
†Praerosaria herosae Dolin and Lozouet 2004
†Praerosaria herosae Dolin and Lozouet 2004
†Praerosaria paulonaria Dolin and Lozouet 2004
†Praerosaria perlacea Dolin and Lozouet 2004
†Praerosaria pseudorugosa Dolin and Lozouet 2004
†Praerosaria tabulata Dolin and Lozouet 2004
Invalid names: Cypraeacites Schlotheim 1820 [replaced]
G. †Prozonarina Schilder 1941
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†Prozonarina barcamorpha Dolin and Lozouet 2004
†Prozonarina brocchii Deshayes 1844
†Prozonarina expansa Grateloup 1847
†Prozonarina fabagina Lamarck 1810
†Prozonarina haueriana Dolin and Lozouet 2004
†Prozonarina maxima Grateloup 1847
†Prozonarina regalis Dolin and Lozouet 2004
G. Schilderia Tomlin 1930
+
†Schilderia amygdalum Brocchi 1814
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Invalid names: Apiocypraea subamygdalum d'Orbigny 1852 [synonym], Apiocypraea voeslauensis Sacco 1894 [synonym]
†Schilderia andegavensis Defrance 1826
†Schilderia brebioni Dolin and Lozouet 2004
†Schilderia columbaria Lamarck 1810
†Schilderia decorticata Defrance 1826
†Schilderia fasciolaria Dolin and Lozouet 2004
†Schilderia flavicula Lamarck 1810
+
Invalid names: Schilderia elongata Brocchi 1814 [synonym]
†Schilderia garonettii Fehse 2004
†Schilderia incognita Dolin and Lozouet 2004
†Schilderia infernoi Cerulli-Irelli 1911
†Schilderia lauriatae Dolin and Lozouet 2004
†Schilderia longiscata Mayer 1875
†Schilderia subannularia d'Orbigny 1852
†Schilderia taurovalis Sacco 1894
†Schilderia utricolata Lamarck 1810
†Schilderia veronicata Dolin and Lozouet 2004
G. Talparia Troschel 1863
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Subg. Talparia (Talparia) Moretzsohn 2014
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Talparia talpa Linnaeus 1758
G. †Zonarina Sacco 1894
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Subg. †Zonarina (Zonarina) Sacco 1894
†Zonarina abbessensis Dolin and Lozouet 2004
†Zonarina annularia Brongniart 1823
†Zonarina aturensis Dolin and Lozouet 2004
†Zonarina brogniarti Schilder 1932
†Zonarina exglobosa Sacco 1894
†Zonarina haueri Michelotti 1847
†Zonarina liviae Fehse and Vicián 2004
†Zonarina maynotensis Dolin and Lozouet 2004
†Zonarina pinguis Grateloup 1846
†Zonarina provincialis Matheron 1842
†Zonarina subelongata d'Orbigny 1852
Invalid names: Cypraeini Rafinesque 1815 [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: aragonitec
Locomotion: actively mobilef
Life habit: epifaunalf
Diet: omnivoref
Diet 2: grazerf
Vision: limitedc
Created: 2009-09-10 07:50:11
Modified: 2009-09-10 09:50:11
Source: f = family, c = class
References: Kiessling 2004, Hendy et al. 2009

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Late/Upper Maastrichtian to the top of the Holocene or 70.60000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 66.0 Ma

Collections (377 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Maastrichtian72.1 - 66.0USA (Texas) Cypraea sp. (205446)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0USA (Alabama) Cypraea sp. (4187)
Danian66.0 - 61.6USA (Texas) Cypraea sp. (205466) Cypraea sp. K (91791) Cypraea sp. L (91803)
Danian - Selandian66.0 - 59.2USA (Alabama) Cypraea sp. (35081) Cypraea sp. B (98433)
Danian - Selandian66.0 - 59.2USA (Mississippi) Cypraea sp. D (98528)
Danian - Selandian66.0 - 59.2Egypt Cypraea sp. (87000)
Paleocene66.0 - 56.0USA (California) Cypraea sp. (11117)
Selandian61.6 - 59.2USA (Alabama) Cypraea sp. (205499)
Selandian61.6 - 59.2USA (Georgia) Cypraea sp. E (92371)
Thanetian59.2 - 56.0Poland Cypraea sp. (27018 27019 27020)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8United Kingdom (England) Cypraea sp. (76601)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8USA (Maryland) Cypraea sp. A (91550 99264 99267)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8USA (California) Cypraea sp. (52429)
Eocene56.0 - 33.9USA (Oregon) Cypraea sp. (200899)
Lutetian47.8 - 41.3Mexico (Chiapas) Macrocypraea veintensis (79943)
Lutetian47.8 - 41.3USA (Texas) Cypraea sp. (205421 205440) Cypraea spp. (205532)
Lutetian47.8 - 41.3France (Centre) Schilderia decorticata, Schilderia columbaria (178085)
Lutetian47.8 - 41.3France (Picardie) Eratotrivia crenularis (178119)
Lutetian47.8 - 41.3United Kingdom (England) Cypraea sp. (42113)
Lutetian47.8 - 41.3France Cypraea pediculus, Cypraea sulcosa (184107)