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Erosariinae

Gastropoda - Cypraeidae

Taxonomy
Erosariinae was named by Schilder (1924) [m. kosnik taxon no: 7863]. It is extant. Its type is Erosaria.

It was assigned to Cypraeidae by Wilson (1993), Bouchet et al. (2005), Landau and Groves (2011), Bouchet et al. (2017) and Groves and Squires (2023).

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1924Erosariinae Schilder
1993Erosariinae Wilson p. 174
2005Erosariinae Bouchet et al.
2011Erosariinae Landau and Groves p. 20
2017Erosariinae Bouchet et al. p. 347
2023Erosariinae Groves and Squires p. 5

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Protostomia
—Spiralia
superphylumLophotrochozoa
phylumMollusca
classGastropoda
RankNameAuthor
subclassCaenogastropoda(Cox 1959)
—Sorbeoconcha(Ponder and Lindberg 1997)
—Hypsogastropoda(Ponder and Lindberg 1997)
superorderLatrogastropodaRiedel 2000
superfamilyCypraeoidea(Rafinesque 1815)
familyCypraeidaeRafinesque 1815
subfamilyErosariinaeSchilder 1924
subfamilyErosariinaeSchilder 1924

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Subfm. Erosariinae Schilder 1924
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G. Erosaria Troschel 1863
+
†Cypraea (Erosaria) sindiensis Vredenburg 1925
Subg. Erosaria (Paulonaria) Iredale 1930
Subg. Erosaria (Ravitrona) Iredale 1930
Erosaria acicularis Gmelin 1791
†Erosaria aliena Schilder 1939
†Erosaria americana Schilder 1939
†Erosaria cernica Sowerby 1870
†Erosaria citrina Gray 1850
Erosaria eburnea Barnes 1824 [Ivory Cowry]
Erosaria erosa Linnaeus 1758
†Erosaria everwijni Martin 1887
+
Invalid names: Cypraea (Pustularia) agassizi Ladd 1934 [synonym]
Erosaria helvola Linnaeus 1758
Erosaria labrolineata Gaskoin 1849
Erosaria miliaris Gmelin 1791
Erosaria ocellata Linnaeus 1758
Erosaria poraria Linnaeus 1758
Erosaria spurca Linnaeus 1758
+
Invalid names: Erosaria minima Tenison Woods 1879 [synonym]
Erosaria turdus Lamarck 1810
G. Monetaria Troschel 1863
+
Subg. Monetaria (Ornamentaria) Schilder and Schilder 1936
Monetaria annulus Linnaeus 1758
Monetaria moneta Linnaeus 1758
G. †Naria Gray 1837
+
Naria erosa Linnaeus 1758
Invalid names: Ocellaria Weinkauff 1881 [replaced]
G. Nucleolaria Oyama 1959
+
†Nucleolaria bezoyensis Dolin and Lozouet 2004
†Nucleolaria cowlitziana Groves 1994
G. Propustularia Schilder 1927
+
†Propustularia bartschi Ingram 1939
†Propustularia caribaea Schilder 1939
†Propustularia gurabonis Ingram 1939
†Propustularia kemperae Nelson 1925
†Propustularia longidentata Landau and Groves 2011
†Propustularia paraguanensis Landau and Groves 2011
†Propustularia parisimina Olsson 1922
Invalid names: Propustularia mejasensis Schilder 1939 [nomen dubium]
G. Staphylaea Jousseaume 1884
+
Subg. Staphylaea (Nuclearia) Jousseaume 1884
+
Staphylaea limacina Lamarck 1810
G. †Subepona Dolin and Lozouet 2004
+
Subepona antiqua Lamarck 1810
†Subepona goedertorum Groves and Squires 1995
†Subepona herrerensis Dolin and Lozouet 2004
†Subepona leahae Groves and Squires 2023
†Subepona promeces Pacaud and Ledon 2012
Invalid names: Erosariini Schilder 1924 [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: aragonitec
Locomotion: actively mobilef
Life habit: epifaunalf
Diet: omnivoref
Diet 2: grazerf
Vision: limitedc
Created: 2009-09-10 07:50:11
Modified: 2009-09-10 09:50:11
Source: f = family, c = class
References: Kiessling 2004, Hendy et al. 2009

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Danian to the top of the Holocene or 66.00000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 59.2 Ma

Collections (172 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Danian - Selandian66.0 - 59.2USA (California) Propustularia kemperae (220448)
Thanetian59.2 - 56.0USA (California) Propustularia kemperae (205394)
Thanetian59.2 - 56.0Mexico (Baja) Propustularia kemperae (176456)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8USA (California) Subepona goedertorum (178718)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8USA (Washington) Proadusta goedertorum (176361 176362)
Lutetian47.8 - 41.3USA (California) Cypraea castacensis (8012) Cypraea sp. (5542)
Bartonian41.3 - 38.0France Subepona promeces (177068 177610)
Bartonian41.3 - 38.0Italy (Veneto) Subepona antiqua (176769)
Bartonian41.3 - 38.0USA (Washington) Nucleolaria cowlitzensis (52205) Nucleolaria cowlitziana (158994)
Early/Lower Oligocene33.9 - 28.4Pakistan Cypraea sindiensis (77450)
Rupelian33.9 - 28.1France (Landes) Monetaria moneta (176463)
Rupelian33.9 - 28.1Pakistan Cypraea sindiensis (77159)
Chattian28.1 - 23.03France (Aquitaine) Subepona herrerensis (88795)
Chattian28.1 - 23.03France (Landes) Subepona herrerensis, Nucleolaria bezoyensis (152689)
Chattian28.1 - 23.03France Subepona herrerensis, Nucleolaria bezoyensis (177708)
Early/Lower Miocene23.03 - 15.97Mexico (Chiapas) Cypraea aliena (176435)
Early/Lower Miocene23.03 - 15.97Grenada Pustularia caribaea (58649)
Early/Lower Miocene23.03 - 15.97Fiji (Vitu Levu) Cypraea moneta, Cypraea helvola, Cypraea labrolineata (179499)
Burdigalian20.44 - 15.97Venezuela (Falcón) Propustularia longidentata, Propustularia paraguanensis (96434)
Langhian15.97 - 13.82Dominican Republic Erosaria spurca (74959)
Middle Miocene15.97 - 11.608Indonesia Erosaria erosa (63040) Erosaria erosa, Staphylaea nucleus (70121) Pustularia everwijni (70085 70086)
Middle Miocene15.97 - 11.608Fiji Cypraea helvola (68295)
Badenian13.65 - 12.7Hungary Propustularia neugeboreni (152605 179230)
Late/Upper Miocene11.608 - 5.333South Africa (KwaZulu-Natal) Cypraea citrina (41473)
Late/Upper Miocene11.608 - 5.333Dominican Republic Cypraea spurca (58869)
Late/Upper Miocene11.608 - 5.333Indonesia Erosaria erosa (70077) Erosaria helvola, Erosaria labrolineata (70120)
Late/Upper Miocene11.608 - 5.333Indonesia (Kalimantan) Erosaria kutaiana (42289)
Messinian7.246 - 5.333Dominican Republic Erosaria spurca (84983 84984 84986 84989 93717 93996 94000 94006 94099 94106 131386 131387 131494 131496 131497 131645 131656 131660 131674)
Messinian7.246 - 5.333Fiji Cypraea helvola, Cypraea everwijni (78060)
Messinian - Zanclean7.246 - 3.6Dominican Republic Cypraea gurabonis (179087) Erosaria spurca (74967 75036 75038 75043)
Early/Lower Pliocene5.333 - 3.6Dominican Republic Cypraea spurca (58815)
Early/Lower Pliocene5.333 - 3.6Indonesia (Java) Erosaria pliostaphylaea (45344)
Early/Lower Pliocene5.333 - 3.6Northern Mariana Islands Cypraea moneta (77940)
Zanclean5.333 - 3.6Dominican Republic Erosaria spurca (74968 80084 80136) Propustularia sp., Erosaria spurca (93737)
Pliocene5.333 - 2.588Vanuatu Cypraea malekulensis (77904)
Pliocene5.333 - 2.588Costa Rica Cypraea parisimina (134667)
Pliocene5.333 - 2.588Fiji Cypraea eburnea, Cypraea helvola, Cypraea nucleus (68180) Cypraea eburnea, Cypraea nucleus, Cypraea helvola (68181)
Pliocene5.333 - 2.588Philippines (Tayabas) Cypraea poraria (41529)
Pliocene - Pleistocene5.333 - 0.0117Malaysia Erosaria sabahensis (72098 72102)
Pliocene - Pleistocene5.333 - 0.0117Guam Cypraea moneta, Cypraea erosa, Cypraea caputserpentis (77937)
Late/Upper Pliocene3.6 - 2.588Costa Rica Propustularia bartschi (96519)
Late/Upper Pliocene3.6 - 2.588Vanuatu Cypraea miliaris (78052)
Late/Upper Pliocene3.6 - 2.588Japan (Okinawa) Erosaria erosa (42294)
Late/Upper Pliocene3.6 - 2.588Japan (Ryukyu) Staphylaea limacina (41600)
Late/Upper Pliocene3.6 - 2.588Indonesia Erosaria erosa, Staphylaea staphylaea, Erosaria pliostaphylaea, Erosaria miliaris (70084) Staphylaea staphylaea, Staphylaea soloensis, Erosaria pliostaphylaea (70079)
Early/Lower Pleistocene2.588 - 0.781Fiji Cypraea erosa (94832)
Early/Lower Pleistocene2.588 - 0.781Tuvalu Cypraea helvola (78036) Cypraea helvola, Cypraea nucleus (78037)
Early/Lower Pleistocene2.588 - 0.781Japan (Okinawa) Erosaria erosa (42357) Staphylaea nucleus (42347)
Early/Lower Pleistocene2.588 - 0.781New Zealand (Kermadec Islands) Cypraea cernica (85086 85098)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117Eritrea Cypraea eburnea, Cypraea turdus (101417) Cypraea erosa, Cypraea turdus (101415)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117Sudan Cypraea erosa, Cypraea moneta, Cypraea eburnea, Cypraea turdus (101414)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117Vanuatu Cypraea caputserpentis (78042) Cypraea guttata (78046) Cypraea moneta (77905) Cypraea moneta, Cypraea erosa (77906)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117Mozambique Cypraea erosa, Cypraea caputserpentis, Cypraea nucleus, Cypraea helveola (122947)
Pleistocene - Holocene2.588 - 0.0Yemen Erosaria erosa (55380) Erosaria ocellata (55373)
Calabrian - Middle Pleistocene1.8 - 0.129Japan (Okinawa) Erosaria helvola (42305)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129USA (Hawaii) Cypraea erosa, Cypraea helvola, Cypraea caputserpentis, Cypraea granulata, Cypraea poraria (96682)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129Bermuda Cypraea spurca (67949)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129Japan (Okinawa) Staphylaea nucleus (42355)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129Vanuatu Cypraea helvola, Cypraea guttata (78043)
Middle Pleistocene - Late/Upper Pleistocene0.774 - 0.0117USA (Hawaii) Cypraea caputserpentis, Cypraea granulata (89406) Cypraea erosa, Cypraea caputserpentis (89299 89306) Cypraea erosa, Cypraea helvola, Cypraea caputserpentis (89300 89302) Cypraea erosa, Cypraea helvola, Cypraea caputserpentis, Cypraea granulata (89294 89303 89307) Cypraea helvola (89305) Cypraea helvola, Cypraea caputserpentis (89301) Cypraea helvola, Cypraea caputserpentis, Cypraea granulata (89304)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Saudi Arabia Cypraea annulus, Cypraea styphylaea (107972) Erosaria nebrites (192719) Erosaria nebrites, Erosaria spurca (192720)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Tonga Cypraea caputserpentis (96473) Cypraea helvola (78076 96472)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Seychelles Cypraea helvola (80965 81008 81009 81011) Cypraea helvola, Cypraea nucleus (80966) Cypraea helvola, Cypraea staphylaea, Cypraea nucleus (81007)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Japan Cypraea helvola, Cypraea caputserpentis (88886)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Djibouti Cypraea annulus, Cypraea erosa, Cypraea helvola, Cypraea nucleus, Cypraea turdus (96787) Cypraea caputserpentis (96793) Cypraea cernica (96788) Cypraea erosa, Cypraea turdus (96789 96791 96795) Cypraea turdus (96798)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Spain Cypraea spurca (127360)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117India (Kerala) Cypraea ocellata (107971)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117French Polynesia Monetaria moneta, Naria erosa (194003)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Australia (Western Australia) Cypraea annulus (63318) Cypraea erosa, Cypraea helvola, Cypraea caputserpentis (63356)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial)0.129 - 0.0117Kenya Cypraea erosa (81093 81094 81097) Cypraea erosa, Cypraea helvola (81077 81079) Cypraea helvola (81036 81072 81078 81092)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial)0.129 - 0.0117Bahamas Cypraea spurca (80677)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial)0.129 - 0.0117Mexico (Baja California) Cypraea cernica (89573 194399 194400 194405 194406 194407 194546)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial)0.129 - 0.0117USA (Hawaii) Cypraea caputserpentis (89401) Cypraea erosa, Cypraea helvola, Cypraea caputserpentis (89400) Cypraea erosa, Cypraea helvola, Cypraea caputserpentis, Cypraea granulata, Cypraea labrolineata (89289) Cypraea helvola (89403) Cypraea helvola, Cypraea caputserpentis, Cypraea granulata (89290 89292 89402 89404)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Eritrea Cypraea eburnea, Cypraea turdus (101543)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Seychelles Cypraea helvola, Cypraea caputserpentis (96926)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0USA (Florida) Cypraea spurca (97610)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Vanuatu Cypraea moneta (77907)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Papua New Guinea (Morobe) Cypraea nucleus (97437 97438)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Marshall Islands Cypraea moneta (43325)