Basic info Taxonomic history Classification Included Taxa
Morphology Ecology and taphonomy External Literature Search Age range and collections

Mactridae

Bivalvia - Cardiida - Mactridae

Synonyms
  • Rangiidae was named by Fischer (1884). It is extant.

    It was synonymized subjectively with Mactridae by Bouchet et al. (2010).
  • Gnathodontidae was named by Neumayr (1884). It is extant.

    It was replaced with Rangiidae by Fischer (1884).
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1809Mactridae Lamarck
1884Rangiidae Fischer
1884Gnathodontidae Neumayr
1904Mactridae Glenn p. 285
1916Mactridae Packard p. 277
1923Mactridae Clark and Arnold p. 153
1931Mactridae Olsson p. 66
1937Mactridae Popenoe p. 397
1977Mactridae Adegoke p. 272
1980Mactridae Vokes p. 134
1983Mactridae Gliozzi and Malatesta p. 98
1987Mactridae Squires p. 67
1987Mactridae Ward and Blackwelder p. 130
1992Mactridae Ward p. 93
2000Mactridae Coan et al. p. 259
2005Mactridae Rosenberg
2006Mactridae Rosenberg et al.
2009Mactridae Nevesskaja
2010Mactridae Bouchet et al.
2011Mactridae Carter et al. p. 16
2015Mactridae Hickman p. 32
2016Mactridae Signorelli and Carter p. 209 figs. Table 1

Is something missing? Join the Paleobiology Database and enter the data

RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Protostomia
—Spiralia
superphylumLophotrochozoa
phylumMollusca
classBivalvia
—Eubivalvia
subclassAutobranchia(Groblen 1894)
infraclassHeteroconchia(Gray 1854)
—CardiomorphiFerussac 1822
RankNameAuthor
—CardioniFerussac 1822
—CardiidiaFerussac 1822
—CardiataFerussac 1822
superorderCardiiformiiFerussac 1822
orderCardiidaFerussac 1822
suborderCardiidinaFerussac 1822
—Veneroidei(Gray 1854)
—VeneroiteiGray 1854
superfamilyMactroidea(Lamarck 1809)
familyMactridaeLamarck 1809
familyMactridaeLamarck 1809

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Fm. Mactridae Lamarck 1809
show all | hide all
G. †Darcinia Clark and Durham 1946
+
†Darcinia columbiana Clark and Durham 1946
Subfm. Darininae Signorelli 2011
+
G. Darina Gray 1853
+
Darina solenoides King and Broderip 1832
G. Hemimactra Swainson 1840
+
+
Invalid names: Mactra similis Say 1822 [synonym]
†Spisula (Hemimactra) sookensis Clark and Arnold 1923
G. †Leptomactra Ward 1992
+
†Leptomactra curtidens Dall 1898
+
Invalid names: Spisula (Hemimactra) chesapeakensis Glenn 1904 [synonym]
†Leptomactra delumbis Conrad 1832
†Leptomactra valhosierr Gardner 1947
G. Longimactra Finlay 1928
+
Longimactra elongata Quoy and Gaimard 1834
†Longimactra flemingi Marwick 1960
Subfm. Lutrariinae Adams and Adams 1856
+
G. †Heterocardia Deshayes 1855
G. Lutraria Lamarck 1799
+
Subg. Lutraria (Cryptodon) Turton 1822
+
Cryptodon sinuosum Donovan 1801
Subg. Lutraria (Lutraria) Lamarck 1799
Subg. Lutraria (Psammophila) Brown 1827
+
Lutraria australis Deshayes 1855
Lutraria elliptica Lamarck 1807
Lutraria lutraria Linnaeus 1767
†Lutraria oblonga Gmelin 1791
†Lutraria papyria Conrad 1833
Lutraria traskei Conrad 1855
G. †Lutromactra Iredale 1929
G. †Meropesta Iredale 1929
+
†Meropesta nicobarica Gmelin 1791
G. Tresus Gray 1853
+
Tresus capax Gould 1850
Tresus nuttallii Conrad 1837
Tresus pajaroanus Conrad 1857
†Tresus saxadomoides Clark 1918
Invalid names: Schizothaerus Conrad 1853 [synonym]
Subfm. Mactrinae Lamarck 1809
+
G. †Aliomactra Stephenson 1953
G. †Allomactra Tomlin 1931
G. †Andrusella Korobkov 1954
G. †Avimactra Andrussov 1905
G. †Crepispisula Eames 1957
+
G. †Cryptomactra Andrussov 1902
G. †Cymbophora Gabb 1869
+
†Cymbophora bella Saul 1974
†Cymbophora buttensis Anderson 1958
†Cymbophora gabbiana Anderson 1902
†Cymbophora moevusi Coquand 1862
†Cymbophora okadakensis Tamura 1977
†Cymbophora popenoei Saul 1974
†Cymbophora stantoni Arnold 1908
†Cymbophora suciensis Whiteaves 1879
†Cymbophora triangulata Waring 1917
†Cymbophora warrenana Meek and Hayden 1856
+
Invalid names: Cymbophora formosa Meek and Hayden 1856 [synonym]
G. †Diaphoromactra Iredale 1930
+
G. †Eopapyrina Woodring 1982
+
G. †Geltena Stephenson 1946
G. Harvella Gray 1853
+
Harvella elegans Sowerby 1825
+
Invalid names: Harvella pacifica Conrad 1867 [synonym], Mactra (Harvella) sanctiblasii Maury 1925 [synonym], Mactra estrellana Olsson 1922 [synonym], Raeta maxima Li 1930 [synonym]
†Harvella sincola Olsson 1922
G. Labiosa Schmidt 1832
+
Subg. Labiosa (Labiosa) Schmidt 1832
G. Mactra Linnaeus 1767
+
Subg. †Mactra (Barymactra) Cossmann 1909
Subg. †Mactra (Electomactra) Iredale 1930
Subg. †Mactra (Electromactra) Ludbrook 1955
+
Subg. Mactra (Heteromactra) Lamy 1906
+
†Mactra (Heteromactra) grateloupi Cossmann and Peyrot 1909
Subg. Mactra (Mactra) Linnaeus 1767
+
Subg. Mactra (Maorimactra) Finlay 1928
+
†Mactra (Maorimactra) bodmani Stilwell and Zinsmeister 1992
†Maorimactra acuminella Finlay 1930
Subg. †Mactra (Nannomactra) Iredale 1930
†Mactra achatina Holten 1802
†Mactra artopta Wood 1850
†Mactra auca d'Orbigny 1842
†Mactra austeniana Maury 1912
†Mactra axiniformis Tate 1887
†Mactra clathrodon Lea 1833
Mactra cleryana d'Orbigny 1846
†Mactra constricta Wood 1850
†Mactra darwinii Sowerby 1846
†Mactra dissimilis Reeve 1845
†Mactra emmonsi Meek 1877
†Mactra funerata Conrad 1848
†Mactra gibbsana Meek 1861
†Mactra hamiltonensis Tate 1887
†Mactra incomatensis Rennie 1936
†Mactra irizari Wilckens 1912
Mactra isabelleana dOrbigny 1846
†Mactra lilacea Lamarck 1818
Mactra marplatensis Doello-Jurado 1918
†Mactra mekranensis Newton 1905
Mactra mera Reeve 1854
†Mactra mississippiensis Conrad 1848
†Mactra oblonga Philippi 1887
Mactra ovalis Sowerby 1817
Mactra patagonica d'Orbigny 1846
†Mactra pellucida Gmelin 1791
†Mactra procrassa Wood 1850
†Mactra pusilla Philippi 1887
†Mactra queenslandica Smith 1914
Mactra solida Linnaeus 1758
Mactra stultorum Linnaeus 1758
†Mactra tripartita Forbes 1846
Mactra truncata Montague 1808
†Mactra tumbezia Olsson 1931
†Mactra tumida Bohm 1926
†Mactra turgida Gmelin 1791
Mactra utahensis Meek 1877
Invalid names: Mactra diegoana Conrad 1855 [nomen dubium], Trigonella da Costa 1778 [objective synonym]
G. Mactrellona Marks 1915
+
Mactrellona alata Spengler 1802
†Mactrellona tumbezia Olsson 1921
G. Mactrinula Gray 1853
+
Mactrinula tryphera Melvill 1899
+
†Mactrodesma subponderosa d'Orbigny 1852
G. Mactromeris Conrad 1868
+
†Mactromeris abbotti Wiedey 1928
†Mactromeris acutirostrata Packard 1916
†Mactromeris beali Hall and Ambrose 1916
†Mactromeris bisculpturata Anderson and Hanna 1925
†Mactromeris brevirostrata Packard 1916
†Mactromeris capayana Vokes 1939
+
Invalid names: Spisula mercedensis Packard 1916 [synonym]
†Mactromeris coalingensis Arnold 1909
†Mactromeris eugenensis Clark 1925
†Mactromeris gaviotaensis Conrad 1854
†Mactromeris hannibali Clark and Arnold 1923
†Mactromeris mercedensis Packard 1916
†Mactromeris merriami Packard 1916
†Mactromeris montereyana Arnold 1908
†Mactromeris muliniaformis Wagner and Schilling 1923
Mactromeris polynyma Stimpson 1860
+
Invalid names: Spisula voyi Gabb 1866 [synonym]
†Mactromeris ramonensis Packard 1916
†Mactromeris rushi Wagner and Schilling 1923
†Mactromeris sectoris Anderson and Martin 1914
†Mactromeris sisquocensis Arnold 1907
†Mactromeris tejonensis Packard 1916
†Mactromeris trampasensis Packard in Clark 1915
Mactromeris voyi Gabb 1866
†Mactromeris weaveri Dickerson 1914
G. †Nannomactra Iredale 1930
G. Notospisula Iredale 1930
+
Subg. Notospisula (Notospisula) Iredale 1930
+
†Spistula (Notospistula) austini Lamprell and T. 1990
Spisula (Notospisula) trigonella Lamarck 1818 [Trigonal Mactra]
G. †Nymphactra Stilwell and Zinsmeister 1992
+
†Nymphactra jonasseni Stilwell and Zinsmeister 1992
G. †Ovamactra Woodring 1982
+
†Ovamactra cyma Woodring 1982
G. Oxyperas Mörch 1853
+
†Oxyperas callistoides Olsson 1928
†Oxyperas deserta Olsson 1928
†Oxyperas parinensis Olsson 1928
†Oxyperas steinmanni Olsson 1931
G. †Priscomactra Stephenson 1953
G. Pseudocardium Gabb 1866
+
†Pseudocardium densatum Conrad 1856
+
Invalid names: Cardium gabbii Rémond 1863 [synonym], Mulinia oregonensis Dall 1909 [synonym]
†Pseudocardium landesi Weaver 1912
†Pseudocardium meganosensis Clark and Woodford 1927
†Pseudocardium newcombei Clark and Arnold 1923
†Pseudocardium orthomorpha Grant and Gale 1931
†Pseudocardium pabloensis Packard 1916
†Pseudocardium packardi Dickerson 1917
†Pseudocardium panzanum Loel and Corey 1932
+
Invalid names: Spisula (Pseudocardium) kurikoma Nomura 1935 [synonym]
G. Scalpomactra Finlay 1928
+
†Scalpomactra glabra Sowerby 1846
G. Standella Gray 1853
+
†Standella mystrosura Stilwell and Zinsmeister 1992
Standella striatella Lamarck 1818
+
†Stereomactra abscissa Gabb 1866
G. †Telemactra Iredale 1929
G. †Trinitasia Maury 1928
+
+
Invalid names: Dermatomya harrisi Weisbord 1929 [synonym], Mulinia atlanticola Anderson 1929 [synonym]
G. Mactrotoma Dall 1894 [surfclam]
+
Mactrotoma angusta Reeve 1854
+
Invalid names: Mactra (Micromactra) atacama Pilsbry and Olsson 1941 [synonym], Mactra ovalina Reeve 1854 [synonym]
Mactrotoma fragilis Gmelin 1792
Mactrotoma isthmica Pilsbry and Lowe 1932
+
Invalid names: Mactra (Micromactra) fonsecana Hertlein and Strong 1950 [synonym], Mactra (Micromactra) vanattae Pilsbry and Lowe 1932 [synonym]
Mactrotoma nasuta Gould 1851
+
Invalid names: Mactra hiantina Deshayes 1855 [synonym], Mactra revellei Durham 1950 [synonym]
†Mactrotoma quirosana Hodson 1931
Mactrotoma velata Philippi 1849
+
Invalid names: Mactra paitensis Philippi 1853 [synonym]
Invalid names: Mactroderma Dall 1894 [synonym], Micromactra Dall 1894 [synonym]
G. Mulinia Gray 1837
+
†Mulinia alta Packard 1916
†Mulinia chilota Frassinetti 1997
Mulinia cleryana d'Orbigny 1846
+
Invalid names: Mulinia byronensis Gray 1837 [replaced]
†Mulinia congesta Conrad 1833
Mulinia edulis King 1831
Mulinia milesii Holmes 1858
Mulinia modesta Dall 1894
Mulinia pallida Broderip and Sowerby 1829
+
Invalid names: Corbula altirostris Li 1930 [synonym], Mulinia bradleyi Dall 1894 [synonym], Mulinia camina Pilsbry and Olsson 1941 [synonym], Mulinia donaciformis Gray 1837 [synonym]
†Mulinia undulifera Packard 1916
†Mulinia yaquinensis Clark 1926
+
†Mulinoides plenicostatus Devries 2019
G. †Pteroluter Saul 1973
+
†Pteroluter othnius Saul 1973
G. †Pteropsis Conrad 1860
G. Rangia Des Moulins 1832
+
Rangia cuneata Sowerby 1831
+
Invalid names: Rangia nasuta Dall 1884 [synonym]
Rangia flexuosa Conrad 1839
Rangia lecontei Conrad 1853
G. Scissodesma Gray 1837
G. Simomactra Dall 1894
+
Simomactra falcata Gould 1850
Invalid names: Symmorphomactra [synonym]
G. Spisula Gray 1837
+
Subg. †Spisula (Cymbophora) Gabb 1869
+
Subg. †Spisula (Eomactra) Cossmann 1909
+
†Spisula (Ruellia) bernayi Cossmann 1886
Subg. Spisula (Spisula) Gray 1837
+
†Spisula (Spisula) caleta Olsson 1928
†Spisula (Spisula) summa Olsson 1928
Subg. †Spisula (Stereomactra) Stewart 1930
Spisula arcuata Sowerby 1817
†Spisula brombachensis Schneider and Mandic 2014
†Spisula compressa Deshayes 1832
†Spisula craspedota Gardner 1947
†Spisula decisa palmaris Harris 1919
†Spisula dernburgi Böhm 1913
Spisula elliptica Brown 1827
†Spisula hannibali Clark and Arnold 1923
†Spisula obtruncata Wood 1850
†Spisula parilis Conrad 1833
†Spisula praetenuis Conrad 1833
†Spisula rappahannockensis Gardner 1944
†Spisula semisulcata Lamarck 1805
†Spisula sookensis Clark and Arnold 1923
†Spisula sorachiensis Otatsume 1933
†Spisula subcuneata Conrad 1838
Spisula subtruncata da Costa 1778
Subfm. Tanysiphoninae Scarlato and Starobogatov 1971
+
G. †Tanysiphon Benson 1858
G. †Willimactra Saul 1973
+
Subg. †Willimactra (Petromactra) Saul 1973
+
+
Invalid names: Spisula chicoensis Packard 1916 [synonym]
Subfm. †Zenatiinae Dall 1895
+
G. Resania Gray 1853
G. Zenatia Gray 1853
+
Subg. Zenatia (Zenatiopsis) Darragh 1965
+
†Zenatiopsis angustata Tate 1879
G. †Zenatina Gill 1963
+
†Zenatina victoriae Pritchard 1903
Invalid names: Rangiidae Fischer 1884 [synonym]
Diagnosis
ReferenceDiagnosis
E. L. Packard 1916Shell trigonal, equivalve ; posterior gape more or less evident umbones prosogyrate; hinge plate well-developed, subtrigonal in shape; ligament internal or external; chondophore excavated; a bifid A-shaped cardinal in the left valve fitting between the two arms of the cardinal of the right valve; posterior and anterior laminae well-developed ; accessory lamellae often present pallial line often sinuated; siphons united; epidermis present.
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: aragonitec
Locomotion: facultatively mobilef
Life habit: infaunalf
Diet: suspension feederf
Vision: blindc
Comments: LIFE HISTORY: IS, MA, UN, SU according to Todd (2001).f
Created: 2009-09-09 13:48:47
Modified: 2009-09-09 15:48:47
Source: f = family, c = class
References: Sanchez Roig 1926, Aberhan et al. 2004

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Sinemurian to the top of the Holocene or 199.30000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 190.8 Ma

Collections (2168 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Sinemurian199.3 - 190.8Canada (Northwest Territories) Mactra sp. (34228)
Early/Lower Valanginian140.2 - 136.4Switzerland Mactra valangiensis (2225)
Late/Upper Barremian130.0 - 125.45France (Drôme) Mactra sp. (75576)
Early/Lower Aptian121.4 - 122.46Lebanon Geltena mactriforma (69180)
Albian113.0 - 100.5United Kingdom (England) Geltena angulata (51597)
Albian113.0 - 100.5Switzerland Mactra gaultina (2167 2170)
Late/Upper Albian105.3 - 99.6United Kingdom (England) Geltena angulata (51673) Mactra angulata, Mactra sp. (6280)
Cenomanian100.5 - 93.9USA (Texas) Aliomactra compressa, Cymbophora schucherti, Cymbophora spooneri, Geltena obesa, Priscomactra cymba (6548) Aliomactra compressa, Cymbophora schucherti, Geltena nitida, Priscomactra cymba (4654) Aliomactra compressa, Cymbophora schucherti, Geltena nitida, Priscomactra cymba, Priscomactra munda (4655) Aliomactra compressa, Cymbophora spooneri (4647 6616) Aliomactra compressa, Geltena subequilatera (6486) Aliomactra compressa, Geltena subequilatera, Geltena prunoides, Geltena nitida (4652) Cymbophora puteana (6503 6539) Cymbophora saccellana, Cymbophora schucherti, Cymbophora spooneri, Priscomactra cymba (4641) Cymbophora schucherti (6470 6533 6563) Cymbophora schucherti, Cymbophora spooneri (4651 6632) Cymbophora schucherti, Cymbophora spooneri, Geltena nitida, Priscomactra cymba (4653) Cymbophora schucherti, Cymbophora spooneri, Geltena obesa (4643 4645) Cymbophora schucherti, Cymbophora spooneri, Priscomactra cymba, Priscomactra munda (6498) Cymbophora schucherti, Geltena obesa (6580) Cymbophora schucherti, Geltena subcompressa, Priscomactra cymba (4659) Cymbophora schucherti, Priscomactra cymba (4658 6525 6527 6529 6530 6534 6540) Cymbophora securis (4648 6593 6603 6604 6606) Cymbophora spooneri (6467 6506 6543 6599 6602 6614) Cymbophora spooneri, Cymbophora schucherti (6469) Cymbophora spooneri, Geltena obesa, Geltena subcompressa (6471) Cymbophora spooneri, Priscomactra cymba (6494) Geltena nitida (4637 6482) Geltena nitida, Geltena obesa, Geltena subequilatera (4642) Geltena nitida, Geltena prunoides (4656) Geltena nitida, Geltena subcompressa (6480) Geltena obesa (4639 4640 6567 6570 6573 6588) Geltena subcompressa, Priscomactra cymba (4646 6475) Geltena subequilatera (6492) Geltena subequilatera, Priscomactra munda (4638) Priscomactra cymba (4660 6502 6528 6618)
Cenomanian100.5 - 93.9Japan (Ishikari) Cymbophora ezoensis (40212)
Cenomanian100.5 - 93.9USA (California) Cymbophora ashburnerii (167601) Cymbophora gabbiana (167603) Cymbophora sp. (167602 185726 185728)
Cenomanian100.5 - 93.9Canada (Alberta) Mactra sp. (87568)
Cenomanian100.5 - 93.9USA (New Jersey) Cymbophora sp., Rangia tenuidens (6650) Rangia tenuidens (6649)
Cenomanian100.5 - 93.9Japan Cymbophora okadakensis (87006) Cymbophora sp. (141571)
Cenomanian - Turonian100.5 - 89.8USA (California) Cymbophora sp. (185413)
Late/Upper Cretaceous100.5 - 66.0USA (Texas) Cymbophora cancellosa (211326 225659 225660 225661 225662 225692) Cymbophora cancellosa, Cymbophora sp. (225668)
Late/Upper Cretaceous100.5 - 66.0USA (California) Crassatellites triangulatus, Mactra gabbiana (193034) Cymbophora gabbiana (206277 206278 237459 237460)
Early/Lower Cenomanian99.6 - 93.5USA (California) Cymbophora tenuissima (167599)
Late/Upper Cenomanian99.6 - 93.5USA (Arizona) Cymbophora sp. (2171 53488 53489 53492)
Late/Upper Cenomanian99.6 - 93.5USA (New Mexico) Geltena sp. (44284)
Late/Upper Cenomanian99.6 - 93.5USA (Utah) Cymbophora sp. (3287 3692) Geltena sp. (44164)