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Placunidae
Taxonomy
Placunidae was named by Gray (1842) [m. kosnik taxon no: 8319]. It is extant.
It was assigned to Pterioida by Ronchetti (1970); to Anomiacea by Lamprell and Whitehead (1992); and to Anomioidea by Todd (2001), Bieler and Mikkelsen (2006), Rosenberg et al. (2006), Nevesskaja (2009), Bouchet et al. (2010) and Carter et al. (2011).
It was assigned to Pterioida by Ronchetti (1970); to Anomiacea by Lamprell and Whitehead (1992); and to Anomioidea by Todd (2001), Bieler and Mikkelsen (2006), Rosenberg et al. (2006), Nevesskaja (2009), Bouchet et al. (2010) and Carter et al. (2011).
Subtaxa
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1842 | Placunidae Gray |
| 1847 | Placentidae Gray |
| 1970 | Placunidae Ronchetti p. 56 |
| 1992 | Placunidae Lamprell and Whitehead p. 34 |
| 2001 | Placunidae Todd |
| 2006 | Placunidae Bieler and Mikkelsen p. 230 |
| 2006 | Placunidae Rosenberg et al. |
| 2009 | Placunidae Nevesskaja |
| 2010 | Placunidae Bouchet et al. |
| 2011 | Placunidae Carter et al. p. 10 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Fm. Placunidae Gray 1842
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G. Placuna Lightfoot 1786
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Subg. Placuna (Ephippium) Röding 1798
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Placuna (Ephippium) ephippium Philipsson 1788
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Invalid names: Anomia sella Gmelin 1791 [synonym], Ephippium polonicum Röding 1798 [synonym], Placuna papyracea Lamarck 1819 [synonym], Placuna quadrangula Philipsson 1788 [synonym]
†Placuna (Ephippium) lincolnii Gray 1849
†Placuna (Ephippium) lobata Sowerby 1871
Subg. Placuna (Placuna) Lightfoot 1786
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Placuna (Placuna) mandirantjanensis Martin 1909
Placuna (Placuna) placenta Linnaeus 1758
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Invalid names: Ephippium transparens Röding 1798 [synonym], Placuna orbicularis Philipsson 1788 [synonym], Placuna ovalis Blainville 1826 [synonym]
†Placuna iranica Vredenburg 1924
Invalid names: Placenta Philipsson 1788 [synonym]
Invalid names: Placentidae Gray 1847 [synonym]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: f = family, o = order, c = class | |||||
| References: Kiessling 2004, Hendy et al. 2009, Aberhan et al. 2004 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Burdigalian to the top of the Holocene or 20.44000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 15.97 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 15.97 Ma
Collections (33 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Aquitanian - Burdigalian | Libya | Placuna miocenica (42130) | |
| Early/Lower Miocene | India | Placenta lamellata (72033) | |
| Burdigalian | India | Placuna sp. (111230) | |
| Langhian | Sri Lanka (Puttalam) | Placuna sp. (14149) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene | Indonesia | Placuna ephippium (70078) Placuna placenta (70103) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene | South Africa (KwaZulu-Natal) | Placuna anomala (41473) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene | Indonesia (Borneo) | Placuna ephippium, Placuna quadrangula (42311) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene | Philippines | Placuna quadriangularis (70138) | |
| Early/Lower Pliocene | Philippines (Bulacan) | Placuna quadriangularis (96677) | |
| Pliocene | Pakistan | Placenta iranica (77295) | |
| Pliocene | Papua New Guinea | Placenta orbicularis (78263) | |
| Pliocene | Indonesia | Placenta ephippium (84517 84523) Placenta mandirantjanensis (84529) Placenta mandirantjanensis, Placenta ephippium (84532) Placenta placenta (84521) Placenta placenta, Placenta ephippium (84527) Placenta placenta, Placenta mandirantjanensis, Placenta ephippium (84520 84533) Placuna placenta (70087 70089 70090 70110) | |
| Pliocene - Pleistocene | Malaysia | Placenta ephippium (72092 72093 72096 72098 72105) | |
| Late/Upper Pliocene | Indonesia | Placuna placenta (70079) | |
| Middle Pleistocene - Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial) | Iran | Placuna sp. (164152) | |
| Holocene | India | Placunidae indet. (76319) | |
| Holocene | Thailand | Placuna placenta (67930) |