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Praenuculidae
Taxonomy
Praenuculidae was named by McAlester (1968).
It was assigned to Nuculacea by Cox et al. (1969), Harrison and Harrison (1975), Morris and Fortey (1976), Hayami and Kase (1977) and Vokes (1980); to Nuculoida by Bengtson et al. (1990); to Ctenodontoidea by Nevesskaja (2009); and to Nuculoidea by Fang and Cope (2004), Fang (2006), Bouchet et al. (2010) and Carter et al. (2011).
It was assigned to Nuculacea by Cox et al. (1969), Harrison and Harrison (1975), Morris and Fortey (1976), Hayami and Kase (1977) and Vokes (1980); to Nuculoida by Bengtson et al. (1990); to Ctenodontoidea by Nevesskaja (2009); and to Nuculoidea by Fang and Cope (2004), Fang (2006), Bouchet et al. (2010) and Carter et al. (2011).
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1968 | Praenuculidae McAlester |
| 1969 | Praenuculidae Cox et al. p. N229 |
| 1975 | Praenuculidae Harrison and Harrison p. 209 |
| 1976 | Praenuculidae Morris and Fortey p. 701 |
| 1977 | Praenuculidae Hayami and Kase |
| 1980 | Praenuculidae Vokes p. 1 |
| 1990 | Praenuculidae Bengtson et al. p. 256 |
| 2004 | Praenuculidae Fang and Cope p. 1124 |
| 2006 | Praenuculidae Fang |
| 2009 | Praenuculidae Nevesskaja |
| 2010 | Praenuculidae Bouchet et al. p. 115 |
| 2011 | Praenuculidae Carter et al. p. 5 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Fm. †Praenuculidae McAlester 1968
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Subfm. †Concavodontinae Sanchez 1999
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G. †Emiliodonta Sánchez 2010
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†Emiliodonta cuerdai Sanchez 1999
Invalid names: Emiliania Sanchez 1999 [replaced]
G. †Costaledopsis Sanchez 1990
G. †Habonucula Singh and Kanjilal 1977
G. †Homilodonta Cope 1997
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†Homilodonta filistriata Ulrich 1894
†Homilodonta subtruncata Portlock 1843
G. †Palaeoconcha Miller 1889
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†Palaeoconcha faberi Miller 1889
†Palaeoconcha ohioensis Bassler 1915
†Palaeoconcha samenoha Kobayashi 1934
†Palaeoconcha subsymmetrica Kobayashi 1934
G. †Palaeoconchiella Vologdin 1955
G. †Paulinea Cope 1996
G. †Pensarnia Cope 1996
G. †Praenucula Pfab 1934
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†Praenucula abrupta Kříž and Steinová 2009
†Praenucula albertina Ulrich 1894
†Praenucula applanans Barrande 1881
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Invalid names: Praenucula sharpei Babin and Gutiérrez-Marco 1991 [synonym]
†Praenucula costae Sharpe 1853
†Praenucula faba Liljedahl 1994
†Praenucula menapiensis Hicks 1873
Subfm. †Praenuculinae McAlister 1969
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G. †Pseudoledopsis Maillieux 1937
G. †Similodonta Soot-Ryen 1964
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†Similodonta similis Ulrich 1892
†Similodonta spjeldnaesi Soot-Ryen and Soot-Ryen 1960
G. †Smilodonta Soot-Ryen 1964
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: f = family, c = class | |||||
| References: Aberhan et al. 2004, Meyer et al. 2009 | |||||
Collections (174 total)
Oldest occurrences | |||
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tremadoc | France (Montagne Noire) | Synek thorali (174460) | |
| Tremadocian | France (Languedoc-Roussillon) | Synek antiquus (101706) Synek thorali (167672) | |
| Arenig | United Kingdom (Wales) | Praenucula sp. (426) | |
| Arenig | France (Montagne Noire) | Synek sp. (20826 20828) | |
| Arenig | France (Ille-et-Vilaine) | Synek antiquus (20852 20860) | |
| Arenig | Morocco | Praenucula sp. (20979 56608) | |
| Moridunian | United Kingdom (Wales) | Ctenodonta menapiensis (89324) Paulinea parva, Pensarnia laeviformis (87601) | |
| Floian | France (Montagne Noire) | Synek sp. (20820 20827) | |
| Whitlandian | United Kingdom (Wales) | Praenucula menapiensis (3713 3714 166752) | |
| Fennian | France (Montagne Noire) | Synek sp. (20825) | |
Youngest occurrences |
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| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | PBDB collection number |
| Ludlow | United Kingdom (England) | Praenucula sp. (482) Similodonta sp. (479) | |
| Ludfordian | Sweden (Gotland) | Ledopsis burgsvikensis (13647) | |
| Elton | United Kingdom (Wales) | Praenucula sp. (75052) | |
| Pridoli | United Kingdom (England) | Ledopsis sp. (23104) | |
| Devonian - Eifelian | Czech Republic | Palaeoconcha indet. (10470) | |
| Emsian | New Zealand | Nuculodonta sp. (40520) | |
| Late/Upper Emsian | Germany | Ledopsis robusta (233197) | |
| Wuchiapingian | Australia (Queensland) | Pseudonucula bradshawensis (85054 107356) | |
| Early/Lower Callovian | India (Gujarat) | Habonucula agrawali (46390) | |
| Gelasian | Ireland | Emiliania huxleyi (152368) | |