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Spondylidae
Taxonomy
Spondylidae was named by Gray (1826) [m. kosnik taxon no: 5105]. It is extant.
It was assigned to Pelecypoda by Stanton (1895); to Pectinacea by Glenn (1904), Olsson (1931), Newell (1965), Vokes (1980), Dockery (1982), Squires (1984) and Moore (1987); to Arcoida by Squires (1999); to Pterioida by Spencer et al. (2004); to Spondyloidea by Nevesskaja (2009); to Pectinoidea by Stilwell (1998), Todd (2001), Bieler and Mikkelsen (2006) and Bouchet et al. (2010); and to Pectinoidae by Carter et al. (2011).
It was assigned to Pelecypoda by Stanton (1895); to Pectinacea by Glenn (1904), Olsson (1931), Newell (1965), Vokes (1980), Dockery (1982), Squires (1984) and Moore (1987); to Arcoida by Squires (1999); to Pterioida by Spencer et al. (2004); to Spondyloidea by Nevesskaja (2009); to Pectinoidea by Stilwell (1998), Todd (2001), Bieler and Mikkelsen (2006) and Bouchet et al. (2010); and to Pectinoidae by Carter et al. (2011).
Subtaxa
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
Year | Name and author |
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1826 | Spondylidae Gray |
1895 | Spondylidae Stanton p. 35 |
1904 | Spondylidae Glenn p. 371 |
1931 | Spondylidae Olsson p. 41 |
1965 | Spondylidae Newell p. 17 |
1977 | Dianchoridae Sobetski |
1980 | Spondylidae Vokes p. 58 |
1982 | Spondylidae Dockery p. 49 |
1984 | Spondylidae Squires p. 43 |
1987 | Spondylidae Moore pp. 5, 6 |
1998 | Spondylidae Stilwell p. 445 |
1999 | Spondylidae Squires p. 23 |
2001 | Spondylidae Todd |
2004 | Spondylidae Spencer et al. |
2006 | Spondylidae Bieler and Mikkelsen p. 230 |
2009 | Dianchoridae Nevesskaja |
2009 | Spondylidae Nevesskaja |
2010 | Spondylidae Bouchet et al. |
2011 | Spondylidae Carter et al. p. 9 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Fm. Spondylidae Gray 1826
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G. Spondylus Linnaeus 1758
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Subg. Spondylus (Spondylus) Linnaeus 1758
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†Spondylus (Spondylus) apiapiensis Beets 1987
†Spondylus (Spondylus) filiaris Dall 1916
†Spondylus (Spondylus) granulocostatus Dockery 1982
Spondylus (Spondylus) marisrubri Röding 1798
Spondylus americanus Hermann 1781
†Spondylus angolensis Rennie 1929
†Spondylus aratus Cooke 1919
Spondylus barbatus Reeve 1856
†Spondylus batequensis Squires and Demetrion 1990
†Spondylus bifrons Goldfuss 1835
†Spondylus buchi Philippi 1846
†Spondylus calcaratus Forbes 1846
Spondylus calcifer Carpenter 1857
Spondylus candidus Lamarck 1819
†Spondylus carlosensis Anderson 1905
†Spondylus cassianus Münster 1890
†Spondylus castus Reeve 1856
†Spondylus chipolanus Dall 1890
†Spondylus chiriquiensis Olsson 1922
Spondylus ciliatus Sowerby 1847
†Spondylus cliffensis Hanna 1927
†Spondylus colombiensis Weisbord 1929
†Spondylus concentricus Bronn 1831
†Spondylus crassicosta Lamarck 1819
Spondylus crassisquama Lamarck 1819
†Spondylus decussatus Fuchs 1879
†Spondylus dumosus Morton 1834
†Spondylus estrallensis Conrad 1856
†Spondylus fragilis Stanton 1895
†Spondylus gaderopoides McCoy 1876
Spondylus gaederopus Linnaeus 1758
†Spondylus gumanomocon Brown and Pilsbry 1913
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Invalid names: Spondylus carmenensis Hodson 1927 [synonym]
†Spondylus hystrix Roeding 1798
†Spondylus inezana Wiedey 1928
†Spondylus lamellacea Kellum 1926
†Spondylus lucasi Maury 1920
Spondylus mimus Olsson 1931
†Spondylus mucronatus Azzaroli 1958
†Spondylus oballosensis Imlay 1940
†Spondylus olssoni Clark and Durham 1946
†Spondylus ornatissimus Böhm 1927
Spondylus ostreoides Smith 1885
†Spondylus perrini Wiedey 1928
Spondylus princeps Broderip 1833
†Spondylus pseudoradula McCoy 1886
†Spondylus quadricostatus Douvillé 1920
†Spondylus radula Lamarck 1806
Spondylus raoulensis Oliver 1915
Spondylus regius Linnaeus 1758
†Spondylus reticulatus Richthofen 1860
†Spondylus rotundatus Heilprin 1887
†Spondylus rugosus Packard 1922
†Spondylus scotti Brown and Pilsbry 1913
†Spondylus sondeianus Martin 1909
Spondylus spectrum Reeve 1856
Spondylus spinosus Schreibers 1793
†Spondylus spinosus Sowerby 1814
†Spondylus subnodosus Packard 1922
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Invalid names: Spondylus fucatus Hanna 1924 [synonym], Spondylus striatus Packard 1922 [replaced]
†Spondylus subplicatus Orbigny 1850
†Spondylus subsquamosus Forbes 1846
†Spondylus subvelatus Münster 1841
†Spondylus tenuispina Sandberger 1863
†Spondylus victoriae Sowerby 1843
†Spondylus wrightianus Crosse 1869
Invalid names: Dianchoridae Sobetski 1977 [synonym], Spondylinae Gray 1826 [empty], Spondylopectininae Kasum-Zade and Romanov 1987 [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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Source: f = family, o = order | |||||
References: Aberhan et al. 2004, Kiessling 2004 |
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Olenekian to the top of the Holocene or 251.20000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 247.2 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 247.2 Ma
Collections (791 total)
Oldest occurrences | |||
Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
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Olenekian | Italy (South Tyrol) | Pseudomonotis reticulatus (205018 205023) | |
Carnian - Norian | Indonesia (Timor) | Terquemia cassiana (205303) | |
Julian | Italy | Spondylus subvelatus (137429) | |
Lacian | Indonesia (Maluku) | Spondylus sp. (204318 204487) | |
Jurassic | USA (Alaska) | Spondylus sp. (112406) | |
Bajocian | India | Spondylus sp. (68597) | |
Bajocian - Late/Upper Bajocian | Antarctica | Spondylus sp. (32724) | |
Bathonian | France | Spondylus gadoisi (38738) | |
Late/Upper Bathonian | France | Spondylus consobrinus (37510) | |
Callovian | India | Spondylus sp. (68596) | |
Callovian - Oxfordian | Ukraine | Spondylidae indet. (67868) | |
Early/Lower Callovian | Madagascar | Spondylus sp. (98165) | |
Late/Upper Callovian | India | Spondylus sp. (68291) | |
Late/Upper Oxfordian | France | Spondylus sp. (67975) | |
Middle Oxfordian | France | Spondylus sp. (68642) | |
Early/Lower Kimmeridgian | Portugal | Dianchora bicornis (67905 67906) Spondylus sp. (67935) | |
Late/Upper Kimmeridgian | Portugal | Spondylus sp. (68237) | |
Early/Lower Tithonian | Portugal | Spondylus sp. (6872 7889) | |
Early/Lower Tithonian | Germany | Spondylus tenuistriatus (34608) | |
Valanginian | Switzerland | Spondylus bellulus (2224) |