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Synaptidae
Taxonomy
Synaptidae was named by Burmeister (1837) [m. kosnik taxon no: 10553]. It is extant.
It was assigned to Paractinopoda by Clark and Twitchell (1915); to Holothuroidea by Rowe and Gates (1995); and to Apodida by Pawson (1966), Frizzell and Exline (1966), Gilliland (1992), Gilliland (1993) and Kerr and Kim (2001).
It was assigned to Paractinopoda by Clark and Twitchell (1915); to Holothuroidea by Rowe and Gates (1995); and to Apodida by Pawson (1966), Frizzell and Exline (1966), Gilliland (1992), Gilliland (1993) and Kerr and Kim (2001).
Subtaxa
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1837 | Synaptidae Burmeister |
| 1915 | Synaptidae Clark and Twitchell p. 177 |
| 1966 | Synaptidae Frizzell and Exline p. U655 |
| 1966 | Synaptidae Pawson p. U645 |
| 1992 | Synaptidae Gilliland p. 192 |
| 1993 | Synaptidae Gilliland p. 136 |
| 1995 | Synaptidae Rowe and Gates p. 332 |
| 2001 | Synaptidae Kerr and Kim p. 78 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Fm. Synaptidae Burmeister 1837
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G. Calcancora Frizzell and Exline 1955
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†Calcancora kistnai Jafar 1970
†Calcancora mississippiensis Frizzell and Exline 1955
†Calcancora venusta Reich and Wiese 2010
G. Chiridota Eschscholtz 1829
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†Cheirodota traquairii Etheridge 1881
†Chiridota atava Waagen 1867
†Chirodota vetusa Schwager 1865
G. †Prosynapta Spandel 1898
G. †Pseudocaudina Broili 1926
G. †Rigaudites Frizzell and Exline 1957
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†Rigaudites cuvillieri Deflandre-Rigaud 1949
†Rigaudites ernsti Reich and Wiese 2010
Rigaudites indicus Soodan 1977
Rigaudites rajui Soodan 1977
Rigaudites sastrii Soodan 1977
Rigaudites singhi Soodan 1977
Rigaudites subcircularia Soodan 1977
G. Synapta Eschscholtz 1829
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: o = order, c = class, p = phylum | |||||
| References: Aberhan et al. 2004, Arkadiev and Bugrova 1999, Aberhan 1992 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Arnsbergian to the top of the Pleistocene or 327.00000 to 0.01170 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 323.7 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 323.7 Ma
Collections (9 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Arnsbergian | United Kingdom (Scotland) | Cheirodota traquairii (93311) | |
| Anisian | Poland | Calcancora sp. (99844) | |
| Julian | Italy | Synapta sp. (50983) | |
| Early/Lower Turonian | Jordan | Calcancora sp., Rigaudites sp. (97884) | |
| Middle Turonian | Poland | Synaptidae indet., Calcancora venusta, Rigaudites ernsti (97983) | |
| Early/Lower Maastrichtian | Germany (Mecklenburg-Vorpommern) | Calcancora pomerania, Rigaudites nudus (32022) | |
| Ypresian | France | Synaptites cuvillieri (94693) | |
| Lutetian | France | Chirodota circulum (94590) | |
| Pleistocene | India | Calcancora kistnai (97984) |