PBDB Taxon

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Turridae (turrid)

Gastropoda - Neogastropoda - Turridae

Taxonomy

Turridae was named by Swainson (1840) [m. kosnik taxon no: 5367]. It is extant.

It was corrected as Turritidae by Clark and Arnold (1923).

It was assigned to Rachigdossa by Olsson (1931); to Gastropoda by Clark and Arnold (1923) and Turner (1938); to Toxoglossa by Stephenson (1941); to Prosobranchiata by Harris and Palmer (1947); to Toxoglossa by Rivera (1957); to Conacea by Sohl (1964), Hickman (1976), Adegoke (1977), Hickman (1980), Squires (1984) and Squires (1987); to Volutacea by Sohl (1964) and Ward and Blackwelder (1987); to Neogastropoda by Addicott (1970), Squires (1988), Squires (1999) and Wienrich and Janssen (2007); and to Conoidea by Ponder and Warén (1988), Wilson (1994), Sysoev (1996), Beesley (1998), Todd (2001), Harzhauser and Mandic (2001), Stilwell et al. (2004), Bouchet et al. (2005), Harzhauser (2007) and Bouchet et al. (2011).

Subtaxa

Adelocythara, Amekicythara, Amuletum, Andicula, Awateria, Beretra, Borsoniinae, Cochlespirella, Cochlespiropsis, Cryptoconinae, Cryptogemma, Daphinellinae, Decollidrillia, Drilliinae, Drillinae, Eopleurotoma (syn. Eoturris), Eosurcula, Epalxis, Epidirella (syn. Austrogemmula), Eucheilodon, Fusimilis, Gemmula (syn. Eugemmula, Hemipleurotoma), Genotia, Glabrocythara, Hemisurcula, Hesperiturris, Iotyrris, Kuroshioturris, Lepicythara, Lophiotoma (syn. Lophioturris), Lucerapex, Lurifax, Lutema, Lyrosurcula, Megasurcula, Michela, Muteluma, Nasavusavuia, Optoturris, Pachycythara, Parasyngenochilus, Perrona, Pleurofusia, Polystira (syn. Oxytropa), Procerapex, Protosurcula, Pseudoraphitoma, Ptychosyrinx, Remnita, Scalaturris, Scobinella, Sedilia, Sinistrella, Sullivania, Surculites, Surculoma, Trachelochetus, Trypanotoma, Trypanotopsis, Turridrupa, Turrinae, Turrinosyrinx, Turris (syn. Pleurotoma), Unedogemmula, Vaughanites, Xenuroturris (syn. Clamturris)

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1840	Turridae Swainson
1923	Turritidae Clark and Arnold p. 157
1931	Turridae Olsson p. 118
1938	Turridae Turner p. 68
1941	Turritidae Stephenson p. 369
1947	Turridae Harris and Palmer p. 414
1957	Turridae Rivera p. 186
1964	Turridae Sohl p. 274
1970	Turridae Addicott p. 127
1976	Turridae Hickman p. 33
1977	Turridae Adegoke p. 183
1980	Turridae Hickman p. 80
1984	Turridae Squires p. 36
1987	Turridae Squires p. 47
1987	Turridae Ward and Blackwelder p. 132
1988	Turridae Ponder and Warén p. 307
1988	Turridae Squires p. 16
1994	Turridae Wilson p. 181
1996	Turridae Sysoev p. 22
1998	Turridae Beesley p. 847
1999	Turridae Squires p. 21
2001	Turridae Harzhauser and Mandic p. 714
2001	Turridae Todd
2004	Turridae Stilwell et al. p. 48
2005	Turridae Bouchet et al. p. 256
2007	Turridae Harzhauser p. 109
2007	Turridae Wienrich and Janssen p. 654
2011	Turridae Bouchet et al. pp. 296 - 297

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Protostomia
—	Spiralia
superphylum	Lophotrochozoa
phylum	Mollusca
class	Gastropoda

Rank	Name	Author
subclass	Caenogastropoda	(Cox 1959)
—	Sorbeoconcha	(Ponder and Lindberg 1997)
—	Hypsogastropoda	(Ponder and Lindberg 1997)
superorder	Latrogastropoda	Riedel 2000
order	Neogastropoda	Thiele 1929
superfamily	Conoidea	(Rafinesque 1815)
family	Turridae	Swainson 1840
family	Turridae	Swainson 1840

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Fm. Turridae Swainson 1840 [turrid]

show all | hide all

G. †Adelocythara Woodring 1928

†Adelocythara primolevis Woodring 1928

G. †Amekicythara Eames 1957

G. †Amuletum Stephenson 1941

Subg. Amuletum (Amuletum) Stephenson 1941

†Amuletum (Amuletum) dumasensis Sohl 1964

Subg. †Amuletum (Lutema) Stephenson 1941

†Amuletum costatum Sohl 1964

†Amuletum fasciolatum Wade 1926

G. †Andicula

†Andicula colombiana Etayo-Serna 1979

†Andicula occidentalis Woods 1922

†Andicula olssoni Rivera 1957

G. Awateria Suter 1917

†Awateria retifera Gabb 1860

G. †Beretra Stephenson 1941

†Beretra gracilis Wade 1926

†Beretra preclara Sohl 1964

†Beretra ripleyana Conrad 1858

Invalid names: Fusimilis ripleanus Conrad [synonym]

†Beretra speciosa Sohl 1964

Subfm. Borsoniinae Bellardi 1875

G. Aoteadrillia Powell 1942

G. Aphanitoma Bellardi 1875

†Aphanitoma fransi Janssen 1972

†Aphanitoma quadricincta Cossmann 1883

G. Ophiodermella Bartsch 1944

†Moniliopsis incisa quinquecincta Grant, IV and Gale 1931

Ophiodermella cancellata Carpenter 1864

Invalid names: Moniliopsis chacei Berry 1941 [synonym]

†Ophiodermella electilis Keen 1943

†Ophiodermella graciosana Arnold 1908

Ophiodermella incisa Carpenter 1863

Moniliopsis incisa fancherae Dall 1903

Ophiodermella inermis Reeve 1843

†Ophiodermella olympicensis Addicott 1976

†Ophiodermella temblorensis Anderson and Martin 1914

G. Phenatoma Finlay 1924

Subg. Phenatoma (Cryptomella)

†Phenatoma (Cryptomella) crassispiralis Marwick 1929

G. †Tomopleura Casey 1904

Subg. Tomopleura (Maoritomella) Powell 1942

Subg. †Tomopleura (Tomopleura) Casey 1904

G. †Cochlespirella Casey 1903

†Cochlespirella insignifica Heilprin 1879

G. †Cochlespiropsis Casey 1904

†Cochlespiropsis jenkinsi Squires 2001

G. Cryptogemma Dall 1918

Cryptogemma benthima Dall 1908

†Cryptogemma senex Frassinetti and Covacevich 1995

G. Decollidrillia Habe and Ito 1965

†Decollidrillia strongi Arnold 1903

Subfm. Drilliinae Olsson 1964

G. †Boreodrillia Sorgenfrei 1958

G. Brachytoma Swainson 1840

†Drillia (Brachytoma) annandalei Vredenburg 1921

†Drillia (Brachytoma) buddhaica Vredenburg 1921

†Drillia (Brachytoma) convexa Vredenburg 1921

†Drillia (Brachytoma) gautama Vredenburg 1921

†Drillia (Brachytoma) pinfoldi Vredenburg 1921

†Drillia (Brachytoma) reticulata Vredenburg 1921

†Drillia (Brachytoma) sarasvati Vredenburg 1921

†Drillia (Brachytoma) tjemoroensis Martin 1903

†Drillia (Brachytoma) yabei Vredenburg 1921

G. †Nitidiclavus Bernasconi and Robba 1984

G. Tylotiella Habe 1958

Tylotiella sacra Reeve 1845

Subfm. Drillinae Olsson 1964

G. †Austroclavus Powell 1942

G. Dallora Olsson 1964

†Dallora agina Olsson 1942

†Dallora ecuadoria Olsson 1964

Dallora imparella Dall 1908

G. †Pachyturris Olsson 1964

†Pachyturris carissa Olsson 1964

G. †Eopleurotoma Cossmann 1889

†Eopleurotoma albirupsis Harris and Palmer 1947

†Eopleurotoma bicatena Lamarck 1804

†Eopleurotoma carya Harris 1937

†Eopleurotoma carya carola Harris 1937

†Eopleurotoma cedilla Edwards 1861

†Eopleurotoma comma Edwards 1861

†Eopleurotoma expidita Deshayes 1865

†Eopleurotoma gemmavia

†Eopleurotoma gentilis Sowerby in Dixon 1850

†Eopleurotoma julia Cooke 1926

†Eopleurotoma lima Edwards 1861

†Eopleurotoma nigeriensis Newton 1922

†Eopleurotoma obscurata Edwards 1861

†Eopleurotoma ornata Hickman 1976

†Eopleurotoma ouachitensis Harris 1937

†Eopleurotoma paracasina Rivera 1957

†Eopleurotoma paytensis Olsson 1930

†Eopleurotoma prestwichii Edwards 1861

†Eopleurotoma rotella Edwards 1861

†Eopleurotoma sayi Lea 1833

†Eopleurotoma scalarata Deshayes 1860

†Eopleurotoma simillima Edwards 1861

†Eopleurotoma simillima simillima Edwards 1861

†Eopleurotoma simillima crassilinea Edwards 1861

†Eopleurotoma wetherellii Edwards 1861

†Eopleurotoma whitakerpeakensis Squires 1987

†Eopleurotoma wiedeyi Olsson 1930

Invalid names: Eoturris Finlay and Marwick 1937 [synonym]

G. †Eosurcula Casey 1904

†Eosurcula capayana Vokes 1939

†Eosurcula cohni Dickerson 1915

†Eosurcula inconstans Cooper 1894

†Eosurcula moorei Gabb 1860

Eosurcula praeattenuata Gabb 1869

†Eosurcula stena Edwards 1857

G. †Epalxis Cossmann 1889

Subg. †Epalxis (Epalxis) Cossmann 1889

†Epalxis (Epalxis) ventricosa Lamarck 1804

†Epalxis kempi Jeffery and Tracey 1997

G. Epidirella Iredale 1931

Invalid names: Austrogemmula Laseron 1954 [synonym]

G. †Eucheilodon Gabb 1860

†Eucheilodon americana

†Eucheilodon crenocarinatus Heilprin 1880

†Eucheilodon reticulata

†Eucheilodon reticulatus

G. †Fusimilis Stephenson 1941

†Fusimilis kummeli Sohl 1964

†Fusimilis novemcostatus Conrad 1858

†Fusimilis proxima Wade 1926

†Fusimilis tippanus Conrad 1858

G. Gemmula Weinkauff 1875

Subg. †Gemmula (Coronia)

†Coronia carmenensis Anderson 1928

†Coronia childreni Lea 1833

Invalid names: Pleurotoma denticulata Edwards 1860 [synonym], Surcula acutirostra Conrad 1854 [synonym]

†Coronia conjuncta Casey 1904

†Coronia montomeryensis Harris 1937

†Coronia nodulina Casey 1904

†Coronia weisbordi Harris 1937

†Gemmula (Coronia) genitiva Casey 1904

†Gemmula (Coronia) ludonorma Harris and Palmer 1947

Subg. †Gemmula (Coroniopsis)

Subg. Gemmula (Gemmula) Weinkauff 1875

Subg. †Gemmula (Pinguigemmula) MacNeil 1960

†Pinguigemmula okinavensis MacNeil 1960

†Gemmula abacta Anderson and Hanna 1925

†Gemmula alazana Cooke 1928

†Gemmula amica Casey 1903

†Gemmula bentsonae Durham 1944

†Gemmula congener Smith 1894

†Gemmula crenulata Lamarck 1804

†Gemmula cretacea Sohl 1964

†Gemmula diabloensis Clark and Woodford 1927

†Gemmula fasteni Weaver and Van Winkle Palmer 1922

†Gemmula gajensis Vredenburg 1925

†Gemmula guindana Merriam and Turner 1937

Gemmula hindsiana Berry 1958

Invalid names: Pleurotoma gemmata Reeve 1843 [replaced]

†Gemmula imitatrix Martin 1916

†Gemmula machapoorensis Maury 1925

Invalid names: Hemipleurotoma bitropis Gardner 1938 [synonym], Turris brassoensis Mansfield 1925 [synonym]

†Gemmula macrobia Edwards 1861

†Gemmula mekranica Vredenburg 1925

†Gemmula mexa Cooke 1928

†Gemmula monerma Edwards 1861

†Gemmula plebeia Sowerby in Dixon 1850

†Gemmula plentopsis Harris and Palmer 1947

†Gemmula rockcreekensis Hickman 1976

†Gemmula sindiensis Vredenburg 1925

†Gemmula tumata Hanna 1927

†Gemmula vaningeni Brown and Pilsbry 1913

Invalid names: Hemipleurotoma eileta Gardner 1938 [synonym]

†Gemmula violeta Hanna 1927

†Gemmula wattsi Anderson and Hanna 1925

†Turris (Gemmula) birmanica Vredenburg 1921

†Turris (Gemmula) pakistanica Eames 1952

†Turris (Gemmula) soriensis Eames 1952

†Turris (Gemmula) thyrsus Vredenburg 1921

Invalid names: Eugemmula Iredale 1931 [synonym], Hemipleurotoma [synonym]

G. Genotia Adams and Adams 1858

Subg. Genotia (Genotia) Adams and Adams 1853

†Genotia birmanica Vredenburg 1921

†Genotia cruzensis Ihering 1907

†Genotia garrowi Vredenburg 1921

†Genotia irravadica Noetling 1895

†Genotia peruviana Olsson 1930

†Genotia singuensis Vredenburg 1921

†Genotia staadti Cossmann 1910

G. †Glabrocythara Fargo 1953

G. †Hemisurcula Casey 1904

†Hemisurcula perexilis Aldrich 1886

G. †Hesperiturris Gardner 1945

†Hesperiturris nodocarinatus Gabb 1860

G. Iotyrris Medinskaya and Sysoev 2001

G. Kuroshioturris Shuto 1961

G. †Lepicythara Olsson 1964

†Lepicythara basilissa Gardner 1938

†Lepicythara camaronensis Olsson 1964

†Lepicythara heptagona Gabb 1873

Invalid names: Cythara cercadica Maury 1917 [synonym], Cythara costaricensis Olsson 1922 [synonym]

†Lepicythara terminula Dall 1890

†Lepicythara turrita Mansfield 1930

†Lepicythara veracruzana Perrilliat 1973

G. Lophiotoma Casey 1904

Subg. Lophiotoma (Lophiotoma) Casey 1904

†Lophiotoma abbreviata Reeve 1843

Lophiotoma cingulifera Lamarck 1822

†Turris (Lophiotoma) quilonica Dey 1961

Invalid names: Lophioturris [synonym]

G. Lucerapex Iredale 1936

G. †Lurifax Warén and Bouchet 2001

†Lurifax goederti Kiel 2006

G. †Lutema Stephenson 1941

G. †Lyrosurcula

G. Megasurcula Casey 1904

†Megasurcula carpenteriana Gabb 1866

Invalid names: Pleurotoma (Dolichotoma) cooperi Arnold 1903 [synonym], Pleurotoma (Surcula) tryoniana Gabb 1866 [synonym]

†Megasurcula condonana Anderson and Martin 1914

†Megasurcula howei Hanna and Hertlein 1938

†Megasurcula keepi Arnold 1907

†Megasurcula wynoocheensis Weaver 1912

†Surculites (Megasurcula) remondii Gabb 1866

Invalid names: Pleurotoma (Genota) stearnsiana Raymond 1904 [synonym]

G. †Michela Gardner 1945

†Michela trabeatoides Harris 1895

G. †Muteluma Kiel and Bandel 2003

G. †Nasavusavuia Ladd 1982

G. †Optoturris

G. †Pachycythara Woodring 1928

†Pachycythara cryptonata Woodring 1928

G. †Parasyngenochilus Long 1981

†Parasyngenochilus angustior Long 1981

G. Perrona Schumacher 1817

†Clavatula (Perrona) birmanica Vredenburg 1921

†Clavatula (Perrona) birmanica singuensis Vredenburg 1921

†Clavatula (Perrona) munga Noetling 1901

†Clavatula (Perrona) unisulcata Cossmann 1900

Subg. Perrona (Perrona) Schumacher 1817

G. Pleurofusia de Gregorio 1890

Subg. †Pleurofusia (Cruziturricula) Marks 1951

†Cruziturricula cruziana Olsson 1932

†Cruziturricula fusinus Brown and Pilsbry 1911

Cruziturricula panthea Dall 1919

†Pleurofusia (Cruziturricula) fusinus sanctidavidis Maury 1925

†Pleurofusia collaris Casey 1903

†Pleurofusia dowlingi Petuch 1997

†Pleurofusia fluctuosa Harris 1937

†Pleurofusia fresnoensis Arnold 1909

Invalid names: Surcula lindavistaensis Hanna 1927 [synonym]

†Pleurofusia ladrilloensis Hanna 1927

†Pleurofusia raricostata Gabb 1864

†Pleurofusia vicksburgensis Casey 1903

†Pleurotoma (Pleurofusia) longirostropsis de Gregorio 1890

†Surcula (Pleurofusia) feddeni Noetling 1895

†Surcula (Pleurofusia) fusus Vredenburg 1921

†Surcula (Pleurofusia) phasma Vredenburg 1921

†Surcula (Pleurofusia) scala Vredenburg 1921

†Turricula (Pleurofusia) danvicola Harris 1937

†Turricula (Pleurofusia) danvicola parahilgardina Harris and Palmer 1947

†Turricula (Pleurofusia) obliquinodosa Eames 1952

†Turricula (Pleurofusia) pseudoscala Eames 1952

†Turricula (Pleurofusia) subservata Harris and Palmer 1947

G. Polystira Woodring 1928

Polystira albida Perry 1811

Polystira antillarum Crosse 1865

†Polystira barretti Guppy 1866

Polystira bayeri Petuch 2001

Polystira coltrorum Petuch 1993

†Polystira communis Conrad 1830

†Polystira ecuadoriana Olsson 1964

†Polystira englishi Addicott 1970

Polystira florencae Bartsch 1934

Polystira formosissima Smith 1915

Polystira gruneri Philippi 1848

Invalid names: Polystira phillipsi Usticke 1969 [synonym]

†Polystira haitensis Sowerby 1850

Polystira jelskii Crosse 1865

Invalid names: Polystira hilli Petuch 1988 [synonym]

Polystira lindae Petuch 1987

Polystira macra Bartsch 1934

†Polystira opulenta Jung 1971

Polystira oxytropis Sowerby 1834

Polystira starretti Petuch 2002

Polystira sunderlandi Petuch 1987

Polystira tellea Dall 1889

†Polystira tenagos Gardner 1947

Polystira vibex Dall 1889

Polystira virgo Lamarck 1822

Invalid names: Oxytropa Glibert 1955 [synonym]

G. †Procerapex Hickman 1976

†Procerapex bentsonae Durham 1944

G. †Protosurcula Casey 1904

†Protosurcula gabbii Conrad 1865

G. †Pseudoraphitoma Boettger 1895

G. Ptychosyrinx Thiele 1925

Gemmula (Ptychosyrinx) lobatopsis Barnard 1963

†Ptychosyrinx columbiana Anderson and Martin 1914

†Ptychosyrinx facula Hickman 1976

†Ptychosyrinx hertleini Durham 1944

G. †Remnita Stephenson 1941

†Remnita anomalocostata Wade 1926

†Remnita biacuminata Wade 1926

†Remnita hastata Sohl 1964

G. †Scalaturris Brebion 1953

G. †Scobinella Conrad 1848

†Scobinella bartschi Olsson 1930

†Scobinella caelata Conrad 1848

Scobinella coelata Conrad 1848

†Scobinella ecuadoriana Olsson 1964

†Scobinella famelica Casey 1903

†Scobinella louisianae Harris 1937

†Scobinella meloda Olsson 1931

†Scobinella morierei Cossmann 1913

†Scobinella newtonensis Aldrich 1911

†Scobinella prionota Cooke 1928

†Scobinella sculpturata Aldrich 1911

†Scobinella transitionalis Harris 1937

G. Sedilia Fargo 1953

†Sedilia aphanitoma Dall 1892

G. †Sinistrella Meyer 1887

Subg. †Sinistrella (Infracoronia) Harris and Palmer 1947

†Sinistrella (Infracoronia) ludoviciana Harris and Palmer 1947

†Sinistrella americana Aldrich 1885

†Trypanotoma (Sinistrella) americana Aldrich 1885

G. †Sullivania Harris and Palmer 1947

†Sullivania danica Brotzen 1959

†Sullivania perexilis Aldrich 1886

G. †Surculites Conrad 1865

†Surcula (Surculites) andersoni Dickerson 1914

†Surculites errans Solander 1766

†Surculites kogbei Adegoke 1977

†Surculites mathewsonii Gabb 1864

Invalid names: Bela clathrata Gabb 1869 [synonym], Potamides davisiana Cooper 1894 [synonym]

†Surculites sinuatus Gabb 1864

G. †Surculoma Casey 1904

G. Trachelochetus

†Trachelochetus desmia Cossmann 1889

†Trachelochetus nodosarius Edwards 1861

G. †Trypanotoma

†Trypanotoma stocki Dickerson 1916

†Trypanotoma terebriformis Harris 1937

†Trypanotoma terebriformis curta Harris 1937

G. †Trypanotopsis

G. †Turridrupa Hedley 1922

Subfm. Turrinae Swainson 1840

G. †Acamptogenotia Rovereto 1899

Subg. †Acamptogenotia (Acamptogenotia) Rovereto 1899

†Acamptogenotia (Acamptogenotia) nodulosa Hickman 1976

†Acamptogenotia (Acamptogenotia) tessellata Hickman 1976

G. Austroturris Laseron 1954

G. †Brachystoma Gardner 1876

G. †Cosmasyrinx Marwick 1931

Subg. †Cosmasyrinx (Tholitoma) Finlay and Marwick 1937

†Cosmasyrinx (Tholitoma) antarctigera Stilwell et al. 2004

†Tholitoma dolorosa Finlay and Marwick 1931

G. Fenimorea Bartsch 1934

Fenimorea pagodula Dall 1889

G. Fusiturris Thiele 1929

G. †Globidrillia Woodring 1928

Globidrillia hemphilli Stearns 1873

†Globidrillia ula Woodring 1928

G. †Ingaunoturricula Bernasconi and Robba 1984

G. †Insolentia Finlay 1926

G. Micantapex Iredale 1936

G. †Oxyacrum Cossmann 1889

G. †Parasyrinx Finlay 1924

Subg. †Parasyrinx (Lirasyrinx) Powell 1942

Subg. †Parasyrinx (Parasyrinx) Finlay 1924

†Parasyrinx delicata Hickman 1976

†Parasyrinx dickersoni Weaver 1916

†Parasyrinx hickmani Zinsmeister 1983

†Parasyrinx kincaidi Weaver 1916

G. †Pleuroliria Gregario 1890

†Pleuroliria jacksonella Casey 1904

†Pleuroliria oregonensis Hickman 1976

†Pleuroliria waynensis Mansfield 1940

†Pleurotoma (Pleuroliria) supramirifica Gregario 1890

G. Taranis Jeffreys 1870

†Mangilia (Taranis) strongi Arnold 1903

G. †Viridoturris Powell 1964

G. Xenoturris Iredale 1929

†Xenoturris millepunctata Sowerby 1909

G. †Turrinosyrinx Hickman 1976

†Turrinosyrinx borgenae Tegland 1933

†Turrinosyrinx hickmanae Kiel 2006

†Turrinosyrinx marrowstonensis Durham 1944

†Turrinosyrinx nodifera Hickman 1976

†Turrinosyrinx packardi Weaver 1916

G. Turris Röding 1798

Subg. Turris (Turris) Röding 1798

†Turris adendanii Abbass 1967

†Turris ahmedi Abbass 1967

†Turris altuscollus Clark 1918

†Turris andersoni Dickerson 1913

†Turris baudoni Deshayes 1866

†Turris burroensis Nelson 1925

†Turris cleopatrae Abbass 1967

†Turris elsmerensis English 1914

†Turris fernandoensis English 1914

†Turris garoensis Mukerjee 1939

†Turris gilchristi Dey 1961

†Turris higoensis Nagao 1928

†Turris hornesi Deshayes 1866

†Turris inconstans Cooper 1894

†Turris kaffraria Woods 1906

†Turris kirkensis Clark 1915

†Turris louderbacki Dickerson 1914

†Turris monolifera Cooper 1894

†Turris multigyrata Cossmann 1906

†Turris suturalis Cooper 1894

†Turris worcesteri Van Winkle 1918

Invalid names: Pleurotoma Lamarck 1800 [synonym]

G. Unedogemmula MacNeil 1960

G. †Vaughanites Woodring 1928

Vaughanites leptus Woodring 1928

G. Xenuroturris Iredale 1929

†Xenuroturris antiselli Anderson and Martin 1914

Invalid names: Clamturris Iredale 1931 [synonym]

Invalid names: Cryptoconinae [empty], Daphinellinae Deshayes 1863 [empty]

Diagnosis

Reference	Diagnosis
P. Bouchet et al. 2011	Shell of medium to large size (usually 20–30 mm, up to 110 mm high), short- to high-fusiform, usually with a high spire and a long (rarely short and truncated) siphonal canal. Axial sculpture weak or absent. Anal sinus on whorl periphery. Protoconch typically multispiral, up to six whorls, protoconch I smooth, protoconch II with arcuate axial riblets; reduced paucispiral protoconch usually smooth, may have arcuate axial riblets. Operculum fully developed, with terminal nucleus. Radular formula typically 1-(1:R:1)-1. Small and narrow rachidian and plate-like laterals are fused together, together constituting a central formation of different development (Kantor, 2006), varying from a well-defined broad central tooth (Fig. 21B) to a tooth clearly formed of three elements (Fig. 21A) through a gradual reduction of rachidian and/or laterals to complete absence (Fig. 21D). Marginals duplex, of variable morphology, from broadly oval and flattened (Fig. 21E, F) with nearly equally developed limbs to awl-shaped and divided only in basal part (Fig. 21A). In most cases, the major limb is large and knife-shaped, while the accessory limb is dorsal and more weakly developed (Fig. 21). In Iotyrris, marginal teeth have equally developed limbs that form a shallow broad trough (Fig. 21D).

Measurements

part	N	mean	minimum	maximum	median	s.d.
height	6	5.13	3.00	12.0	5.00	3.43

Composition:

aragonitec

Locomotion:

actively mobilef

Life habit:

epifaunalf

Diet:

carnivoref

Vision:

limitedc

Comments:

LIFE HISTORY: Predatory carnivores according to Todd (2001).f

Created:

2009-09-10 08:09:25

Modified:

2009-09-10 10:09:25

Source: f = family, c = class

References: Kiessling 2004, Hendy et al. 2009

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Toarcian to the top of the Late/Upper Pleistocene or 182.70000 to 0.01170 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 171.6 Ma

Collections (1700 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Oldest occurrences
Toarcian - Early/Lower Aalenian	182.7 - 171.6	Chile (Huasco)	Pleurotoma sp. (223376)
Berriasian	145.0 - 139.8	Poland	Pachycythara compacta (2094)
Middle Cenomanian	99.6 - 93.5	Australia (Northern Territory)	Amuletum praeturriformis (13946)
Turonian	93.9 - 89.8	Gabon	Scalaturris sp. (209530)
Turonian - Santonian	93.9 - 83.6	USA (California)	Amuletum sp. (80943 80944)
Middle Turonian	93.5 - 89.3	USA (Arizona)	Lutema hitzi (53504)
Coniacian	89.8 - 86.3	Cameroon	Pleurotoma faxensis (209666) Pleurotoma faxensis, Turris kaffraria (209692)
Santonian	86.3 - 83.6	South Africa (Eastern Cape)	Muteluma convexa (47109)
Campanian	83.6 - 72.1	USA (North Carolina)	Amuletum sp. (7612) Beretra sp. (7610)
Campanian	83.6 - 72.1	New Zealand (South Island)	Pleurotoma sp. (101382)
Haumurian	83.6 - 66.0	New Zealand (Canterbury)	Pleurotoma sp. (101408 101409)
Early/Lower Campanian	83.5 - 70.6	Cameroon	Scalaturris riedeli (94776)
Early/Lower Campanian - Middle Campanian	83.5 - 70.6	USA (Texas)	Beretra sp. (7513)
Early/Lower Campanian - Middle Campanian	83.5 - 70.6	USA (Mississippi)	Amuletum fasciolatum (32140) Amuletum fasciolatum, Amuletum costatum (32139 32141 32142) Amuletum sp., Amuletum costata, Amuletum fasciolatum, Beretra preclara (6660)
Late/Upper Campanian	83.5 - 70.6	USA (Delaware)	Beretra sp. (6171)
Late/Upper Campanian	83.5 - 70.6	USA (Tennessee)	Turris proxima, Turris constricta (88357)
Late/Upper Campanian	83.5 - 70.6	USA (Texas)	Amuletum curvocostatum (7580) Beretra contracta, Beretra firma, Amuletum venustum (7481) Beretra firma (7552) Beretra firma, Amuletum boylei, Lutema hubbardi (7472) Beretra firma, Lutema hubbardi, Lutema simpsonensis (7482) Beretra ornatula, Amuletum boylei, Remnita biacuminata (7579)
Late/Upper Campanian - Early/Lower Maastrichtian	83.5 - 66.0	USA (Tennessee)	Amuletum macnairyensis, Amuletum fasciolatum, Beretra gracilis, Beretra speciosa, Fusimilis proxima, Remnita anomalocostata, Remnita biacuminata (7515)
Maastrichtian	72.1 - 66.0	USA (Tennessee)	Amuletum macnairyensis, Amuletum sp., Remnita anaomalocostata, Remnita anomalicosta, Amuletum dumasensis, Amuletum fasciolatum, Beretra gracilis, Fusimilis proxima, Remnita biacuminata, Remnita hastata (205445)
Maastrichtian	72.1 - 66.0	Argentina (Chubut)	Parasyrinx sp. (74108)