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Venerinae

Bivalvia - Cardiida - Veneridae

Synonyms
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1815Venerinae Rafinesque
1904Venerinae Glenn p. 304
1936Chioninae Frizzell
1943Venerinae Gardner p. 127
1947Venerinae Gardner pp. 152, 166
1969Venerinae da Silva Forti p. 86
1973Venerinae Iqbal p. 19
1978Venerinae Maxwell p. 25
1980Venerinae Vokes p. 166
1980Chioninae Vokes p. 177
1982Chioninae Woodring p. 701
1983Mclellaniinae Wilson p. 486
1984Chioninae Gazdzicki and Pugaczewska p. 104
1984Venerinae Gazdzicki and Pugaczewska p. 104
1984Venerinae Pugaczewska p. 54
1988Venerinae Freneix et al. p. 432
1990Venerinae Beu et al. p. 400
1992Venerinae Perrilliat p. 14
1992Chioninae Perrilliat p. 17
1992Venerinae Ward p. 100
1992Chioninae Ward p. 102
2006Chioninae Beu pp. 270, 277
2006Venerinae Beu pp. 270, 277
2010Chioninae Bouchet et al.
2010Venerinae Bouchet et al.
2011Chionina Carter et al. p. 16
2011Venerinae Carter et al. p. 16
2012Venerinae Coan and Valentich-Scott p. 750
2013Chioninae Pérez et al. p. 364
2021Venerinae Mendir et al. p. 19

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Protostomia
—Spiralia
superphylumLophotrochozoa
phylumMollusca
classBivalvia
—Eubivalvia
subclassAutobranchia(Groblen 1894)
infraclassHeteroconchia(Gray 1854)
—CardiomorphiFerussac 1822
RankNameAuthor
—CardioniFerussac 1822
—CardiidiaFerussac 1822
—CardiataFerussac 1822
superorderCardiiformiiFerussac 1822
orderCardiidaFerussac 1822
suborderCardiidinaFerussac 1822
—Veneroidei(Gray 1854)
—VeneroiteiGray 1854
superfamilyVeneroidea(Rafinesque 1815)
familyVeneridaeRafinesque 1815
subfamilyVenerinaeRafinesque 1815
subfamilyVenerinaeRafinesque 1815

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Subfm. Venerinae Rafinesque 1815
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G. Antigona Schumacher 1817
+
Subg. Antigona (Antigona) Schumacher 1817
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Antigona (Antigona) chemnitzii Hanley 1844 [Chemnitz's Venus]
+
Subg. Antigona (Ventricola) Römer 1867
+
†Antigona aglaurae Brongniart 1823
†Antigona carrizoensis Loel and Corey 1932
†Antigona granosa Sowerby 1840
†Antigona kelloggi Hanna 1927
†Antigona lamellacea Kellum 1926
†Antigona vaquerosensis Loel and Corey 1932
†Antigona willisi Trask 1922
G. Artena Conrad 1870
+
†Antigona (Artena) inca Olsson 1939
G. Callithaca Dall 1902
+
Callithaca adamsi Reeve 1863
Callithaca tenerrima Carpenter 1857
+
Invalid names: Paphia restorationensis Frizzell 1930 [synonym]
Invalid names: Protocallithaca Nomura 1937 [synonym]
G. Chione von Mühlfield 1811
+
Subg. †Chione (Chione) von Mühlfield 1811
+
†Chione (Chione) cortinaria Rogers and Rogers 1847
†Chione (Chione) retugida Woodring 1925
†Chione (Chione) rodulfi Frassinetti and Covacevich 1993
†Chione (Chione) sawkinsi Woodring 1925
Subg. Chione (Gnidiella) Parker 1949
+
†Chione atlanticana Anderson 1929
†Chione auriculata Bartrum 1919
†Chione bolivarensis Weisbord 1929
Chione californiensis Broderip and Sowerby I 1835
+
Invalid names: Chione (Chione) allisoni Hertlein and Grant 1972 [synonym], Chione succincta Valenciennes 1821 [replaced]
Chione cancellata Linnaeus 1767
†Chione casa Ihering 1907
†Chione chipolana Dall 1903
†Chione cognata Pritchard 1903
Chione compta Broderip 1835
†Chione costaricensis Olsson 1922
†Chione cribraria Conrad 1843
†Chione dalliana Maury 1912
†Chione dictua Tate 1887
Chione elevata Say 1822
†Chione eupyga Ihering 1907
Chione guatulcoensis Hertlein and Strong 1948
†Chione guppyana Maury 1912
†Chione halli Pritchard 1895
†Chione moristans Olsson and Harbison 1953
†Chione nuciformis Heilprin 1887
†Chione paraensis White 1887
†Chione patagonica Philippi 1887
†Chione rowleei Olsson 1922
†Chione schencki Loel and Corey 1932
Chione subimbricata Sowerby 1835
†Chione subroborata Tate 1887
Chione subrostrata Lamarck 1818
†Chione sulcata Gabb 1860
Chione tumens Verrill 1870
Chione undatella Sowerby I 1835
+
Invalid names: Chione simillima Sowerby 1855 [synonym], Venus (Chione) neglecta Sowerby I 1839 [synonym]
†Chione veatchiana Maury 1912
†Chione venadensis Pilsbry and Olsson 1941
†Chione vickeryi Wiedey 1929
†Chione walli Guppy 1866
G. Chioneryx Iredale 1924
+
Chioneryx cardioides Lamarck 1818
Chioneryx squamosa Carpenter 1857
Chioneryx squamosa Carpenter 1857
G. Chionista Keen 1958
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Chionista fluctifraga Sowerby II 1853
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Invalid names: Chione cortezi Carpenter 1864 [synonym]
G. Chionopsis Olsson 1932
+
+
Invalid names: Chione spenceri Mansfield 1938 [synonym]
†Chione (Chionopsis) jamaniana Pilsbry and Olsson 1941
†Chione (Chionopsis) manabia Pilsbry and Olsson 1941
†Chione (Chionopsis) richthofeni Hertlein and Jordan 1927
†Chione (Chionopsis) sechuntana Hanna and Israelsky 1925
†Chione (Chionopsis) tegulum Brown and Pilsbry 1911
+
Invalid names: Chione (Chionopsis) paraguanensis Hodson 1927 [synonym]
†Chione (Chionopsis) traftoni Pilsbry and Olsson 1941
Chione (Chionopsis) venadoensis Pilsbry and Olsson 1941
Subg. Chionopsis (Puberella) Fischer-Piette and Vukadinovic 1977
+
Chionopsis amathusia Philippi 1844
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Invalid names: Chione jamaniana Pilsbry and Olsson 1941 [synonym]
Chionopsis crenifera Sowerby 1935
Chionopsis gnidia Broderip and Sowerby I 1829
Chionopsis lilacina Carpenter 1864
†Chionopsis munsterii d'Orbigny 1842
Chionopsis ornatissima Broderip 1835
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Invalid names: Chione traftoni Pilsbry and Olsson 1941 [synonym]
Chionopsis pubera Vincent 1827
Chionopsis pulicaria Broderip 1835
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Invalid names: Chione montezuma Pilsbry and Lowe 1932 [synonym]
†Chionopsis woodwardi Guppy 1866
Invalid names: Chione temblorensis subtemblorensis Loel and Corey 1932 [synonym], Gnidiella Parker 1949 [synonym]
G. Circomphalus Mörch 1853
+
†Circomphalus subplicatus dOrbigny 1852
Invalid names: Bassinaria Marwick 1928 [synonym], Callanaitis Iredale 1917 [synonym]
G. Clausinella Gray 1851
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Clausinella fasciata da Costa 1778
Clausinella gayi Húpe 1854
†Clausinella persica Cox 1936
G. Dosina Gray 1835
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Subg. Dosina (Phacosoma) Jukes-Brown 1912
Dosina cassina Linnaeus 1758
†Dosina suboblonga Marwick 1927
†Dosina subpenicillata Vredenburg 1928
Invalid names: Dosinula Finlay 1926 [synonym]
Subfm. Dosiniini Deshayes 1858
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G. Dosinia Scopoli 1777
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Subg. Dosinia (Asa) Basterot 1825
Subg. Dosinia (Austrodosinia) Dall 1902
Subg. Dosinia (Dosinia) Scopoli 1777
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†Dosinia (Dosinia) delicatissima Brown and Pilsbry 1913
+
Invalid names: Dosinia (Dosinidia) brasiliensis White 1887 [synonym]
†Dosinia (Dosinia) peralta Vredenburg 1928
†Dosinia (Dosinia) sicarisinus Kensley and Pether 1986
+
Invalid names: Dosinia mathewsonii Gabb 1869 [synonym]
Subg. †Dosinia (Dosinobia) Finlay and Marwick 1937
Subg. †Dosinia (Kakahuia) Marwick 1927
Subg. †Dosinia (Kaneharaia) Makiyama 1936
+
Subg. Dosinia (Kereia) Marwick 1927
+
†Dosinia (Kereia) numerosissima Darragh and Kendrick 2010
†Kereia cottoni Marwick 1927
†Kereia greyi Zittel 1864
†Kereia johnstoni Tate 1887
Subg. Dosinia (Phacosoma) Jukes-Brown 1912
Subg. †Dosinia (Raina) Marwick 1927
+
†Dosinia (Raina) imperiosa Marwick 1929
†Dosinia (Raina) sodalis Marwick 1929
†Raina bensoni Marwick 1927
†Dosinia acetabulum Conrad 1832
+
Dosinia africana Gray 1838
†Dosinia alta Conrad 1855
†Dosinia burckhardti Ihering 1907
†Dosinia caerulea Reeve 1850
†Dosinia castigata Marwick 1960
†Dosinia chipolana Dall 1903
†Dosinia coloradoensis Rivera 1957
Dosinia conradi Gabb 1866
Dosinia discus Reeve 1850
Dosinia dunkeri Philippi 1844
+
Invalid names: Artemis simplex Hanley 1845 [synonym]
Dosinia excisa Schröter 1788
+
Invalid names: Sinodia sinuata Gmelin 1791 [synonym]
Dosinia exoleta Linnaeus 1758
†Dosinia falconensis Hodson 1931
Dosinia histrio Gmelin 1791
†Dosinia imparistriata Tate 1887
†Dosinia jacalitosana Arnold 1909
†Dosinia kaspiewi Fischer-Piette 1967
†Dosinia lawsoni Dickerson 1914
†Dosinia lechuzaensis Rivera 1957
†Dosinia longula Conrad 1856
Dosinia lupina Linnaeus 1758
†Dosinia mercenaroidea Aldrich 1887
†Dosinia meridonalis Ihering 1897
†Dosinia morani Wiedey 1929
†Dosinia nomurai Otuka 1934
+
Invalid names: Dosinia chikuzenensis Nagao 1928 [synonym], Dosinia nagaii Otuka 1934 [synonym]
Dosinia orbicularis Agassiz 1845
†Dosinia pertenuis Gabb 1864
+
Invalid names: Dosinia grandis Nelson 1870 [synonym]
†Dosinia protojuvenilis Noetling 1901
†Dosinia pseudoargus d'Archiac and Haime 1853
†Dosinia pseudoargus gedrosiana Vredenburg 1928
†Dosinia santana Loel and Corey 1932
†Dosinia scalaris Menke 1843
†Dosinia sculpta Hanley 1845
Dosinia semiobliterata Deshayes 1853
+
Invalid names: Dosinia annae Carpenter 1857 [synonym]
†Dosinia tugaruana Nomura 1935
Invalid names: Artemis Poli 1815 [synonym], Dosinidia Dall 1902 [synonym]
Invalid names: Arteminae Hutton 1880 [synonym]
G. Globivenus Coen 1934
+
Globivenus effosa Philippi 1836
Globivenus fordii Yates 1890
Globivenus isocardia Verrill 1870
Globivenus rigida Dillwyn 1817
+
Invalid names: Antigona rugosa Gmelin 1792 [synonym]
Globivenus rugatina Heilprin 1886
Invalid names: Ventricolaria Keen 1954 [synonym]
G. Humilaria Grant and Gale 1931
+
†Humilaria perlaminosa Conrad 1855
G. Iliochione Olsson 1961
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†Iliochione callistoides Pilsbry and Olsson 1941
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Invalid names: Chione broggi Pilsbry and Olsson 1943 [synonym]
G. Irusella Hertlein and Grant 1972
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G. †Kuia Marwick 1927
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†Kuia macdowelli Marwick 1927
G. Leukoma Römer 1857
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Leukoma asperrima Sowerby 1835
Leukoma beili Olsson 1961
Leukoma columbiensis Sowerby 1835
†Leukoma dolicha Woodring 1982
Leukoma ecuadoriana Olsson 1961
Leukoma grata Say 1831
Leukoma histrionica Sowerby 1835
Leukoma laciniata Carpenter 1864
Leukoma metodon Pilsbry and Lowe 1932
+
Invalid names: Nioche (Nioche) mcgintyi Olsson 1961 [synonym], Nioche (Nioche) zorritensis Olsson 1961 [synonym]
Leukoma staleyi Gabb 1866
Leukoma staminea Conrad 1837
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Invalid names: Protothaca ruderata Deshayes 1853 [synonym], Tapes diversum Sowerby II 1852 [synonym]
Leukoma thaca Molina 1782
Invalid names: Antinioche Olsson 1961 [synonym], Colonche Olsson 1961 [synonym], Notochione Hertlein and Strong 1948 [synonym], Protothaca Dall 1902 [synonym], Tropithaca Olsson 1961 [synonym]
G. †Marama Marwick 1927
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Subg. †Marama (Hina) Marwick 1927
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†Hina cainozoica Tenison Woods 1877
Subg. †Marama (Marama) Marwick 1927
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†Marama (Marama) ovata Marwick 1927
G. †Melosia Dall 1915
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†Melosia staminea Conrad 1838
G. Mercenaria Schumacher 1817 [quahog]
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†Mercenaria blakei Ward 1992
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Invalid names: Venus mortoni Conrad 1837 [synonym]
†Mercenaria capax Conrad 1843
†Mercenaria cuneata Conrad 1869
†Mercenaria druidi Ward 1992
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Invalid names: Venus (Mercenaria) berryi Gardner 1943 [replaced]
†Mercenaria ducatelli Conrad 1838
†Mercenaria erecta Kellum 1926
†Mercenaria gardnerae Kellum 1926
†Mercenaria langdoni Dall 1900
Mercenaria mercenaria Linnaeus 1758
†Mercenaria nannodes Gardner 1947
†Mercenaria permagna Conrad 1838
†Mercenaria plena Conrad 1869
+
†Mercenaria prodroma Gardner 1947
†Mercenaria tetrica Conrad 1838
Mercenaria violacea Schumacher 1817
Invalid names: Mclellania Wilson 1983 [synonym]
G. Paphonotia Hertlein and Strong 1948
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Paphonotia elliptica Sowerby 1834
G. †Paraesa Casey 1952
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†Paraesa cedrina Saul 1993
†Paraesa faba Sowerby 1827
†Paraesa lens Gabb 1864
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Invalid names: Flaventia hornbyensis Anderson 1958 [synonym], Macrocallista cordata Waring 1917 [synonym]
†Paraesa zeta Popenoe 1937
G. Periglypta Jukes-Browne 1914
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†Periglypta caesarina Dall 1903
†Periglypta caribbeana Anderson 1927
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Invalid names: Periglypta dominicana Palmer 1927 [synonym]
Periglypta puerpera Linnaeus 1758
Periglypta reticulata Linnaeus 1758
†Periglypta tamiamensis Olsson and Petit 1964
†Periglypta tarquinia Dall 1900
+
Invalid names: Antigona anguillana Cooke 1919 [synonym]
†Periglypta weegeeree Darragh and Kendrick 2010
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†Proxichione darmghi Maxwell 1978
†Proxichione etheridgei Pritchard 1903
†Proxichione otiakensis Maxwell 1978
Tr. Tapetini Gray 1851
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G. †Cyclorisma Dall 1902
G. †Cyclorismina Marwick 1927
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†Cyclorismina marwicki Zinsmeister 1984
†Cyclorismina woodsi Marwick 1927
G. Eumarcia Iredale 1925
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Subg. †Eumarcia (Atamarcia) Marwick 1927
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†Atamarcia crassa Marwick 1927
†Atamarcia curta Hutton 1873
†Eumarcia (Atamarcia) robusta Stilwell and Zinsmeister 1992
Subg. Eumarcia (Eumarcia) Iredale 1925
+
†Eumarcia (Eumarcia) austrolissa Stilwell and Zinsmeister 1992
Subg. †Eumarcia (Opimaria) Marwick 1948
Eumarcia fumigata Sowerby 1853
G. †Flaventia Jukes-Browne 1908
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†Meretrix (Flaventia) deserti Douvillé 1916
G. Granicorium Hedley 1906
G. Irus Schmidt 1818
+
Subg. Irus (Notirus) Finlay 1928
†Irus carditoides Lamarck 1818
Irus irus Linnaeus 1767
G. Katelysia Römer 1857
+
Subg. †Katelysia (Nipponomarcia) Ikebe 1941
†Katelysia corioensis Tate 1887
†Katelysia rhytiphora Lamy 1937
†Katelysia scalarina Lamarck 1818
G. †Legumen Conrad 1858
+
†Legumen mozambensis Gliozzi and Malatesta 1983
†Legumen napii McLearn 1929
†Legumen ooides Gabb 1864
G. Liocyma Dall 1870
+
Liocyma fluctuosa Gould 1841
G. Marcia Adams and A. 1857
+
Subg. Marcia (Hemitapes) Römer 1864
+
G. Paphia Röding 1798
+
Subg. Paphia (Callistotapes) Sacco 1900
+
Subg. Paphia (Paphia) Röding 1798
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Subg. Paphia (Paratapes) Stoliczka 1871
†Paphia clarki Dickerson 1914
†Paphia exilis Shuto 1957
†Paphia numidicus Coquand 1880
†Paphia parisiensis Deshayes 1860
†Paphia persica Cox 1936
Paphia textile Gmelin 1791
†Paphia vetula Basterot 1825
G. Retrotapes del Rio 1997
+
Retrotapes exalbida Dillwyn 1817
+
Invalid names: Eurhomalea araucana Philippi 1887 [synonym], Venus aerea Hupé 1854 [synonym], Venus subalbicans Hupé 1854 [synonym]
†Retrotapes hanetianus d'Orbigny 1842
G. Ruditapes Chiamenti 1900
G. †Sinonia Stephenson 1953
G. Tapes Mühlfeld 1811
+
Subg. Tapes (Tapes) Mühlfeld 1811
+
Subg. Tapes (Textrix) Römer 1857
+
Tapes aurea Gmelin 1788
Tapes corrugatus Gmelin 1791
†Tapes cretacea Gabb 1864
†Tapes dorsatus Lamarck 1818
†Tapes hilgardi Shumard 1860
†Tapes lineatum Conrad 1856
†Tapes literatus Linnaeus 1758
†Tapes perovalis Wood 1840
†Tapes subundata Schauroth 1855
Tapes texturata Lamarck 1818
Tapes truncata Gabb 1866
Tapes virginea Linnaeus 1767
G. †Textivenus Cossmann 1886
+
G. †Venerella Cossmann 1886
+
Subg. Venerella (Compsomyax) Stewart 1930
+
†Compsomyax stewarti Clark and Durham 1946
Compsomyax subdiaphana Carpenter 1864
+
Invalid names: Clementia obliqua Jukes-Brown 1913 [synonym]
†Venerella secunda Deshayes 1857
+
Invalid names: Marcia solida Deshayes 1825 [replaced]
†Venerella striatula Deshayes 1825
G. †Veneritapes Cossmann 1886
G. Tawera Marwick 1927
+
†Tawera propinqua Tenison Woods 1877
Tawera subnodulosa Hanley 1844
G. †Turia Marwick 1927
+
†Turia chattonensis Marwick 1927
†Turia fausta Marwick 1960
Tr. Venerini Rafinesque 1815
+
Invalid names: Venerina Rafinesque 1815 [empty]
G. Venus Linnaeus 1758
+
Subg. †Venus (Mioclausinella) Kautsky 1936
Subg. Venus (Venus) Linnaeus 1758
†Venus anceps Deshayes 1857
†Venus arcotensis Forbes 1846
†Venus arroyoensis Camacho 1957
†Venus biplicata Schafhaeutl 1853
†Venus brioniana Trask 1922
†Venus chilensis d'Orbigny 1842
†Venus cleryana d'Orbigny 1842
†Venus collinium Anderson 1938
†Venus conformis Deshayes 1857
†Venus corella Anderson 1938
Venus crenatula Sowerby 1852
†Venus cythereaeformis Deshayes 1857
†Venus deleta Deshayes 1857
†Venus delicatula Deshayes 1857
†Venus depressa Roemer 1836
†Venus ebergenyii Bose 1906
†Venus eximia Forbes 1846
†Venus fallaciosa Deshayes 1857
Venus foveolata Sowerby 1853
†Venus geslini Deshayes 1857
†Venus inopinata Deshayes 1857
†Venus insula Hupé 1854
Venus kennerlyi Gabb 1866
†Venus lenticularis Gabb 1864
†Venus martini Clark 1915
†Venus mekranica Vredenburg 1928
†Venus mitsuiana Yokoyama 1911
†Venus nux Gmelin 1791
†Venus petricosa Simpson 1855
†Venus pseudoscalaris Trentanove 1901
†Venus quadrata Deshayes 1857
†Venus retisculpta Meyer 1886
†Venus sulcata Hector 1874
†Venus tetrahedra Gabb 1864
†Venus turgescens Deshayes 1857
†Venus vespertina Conrad 1857
†Venus victoriana Clark and Arnold 1923
†Venus virginiana Loel and Corey 1932
Invalid names: Chioninae Frizzell 1936 [synonym]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: aragonitef
Locomotion: facultatively mobilef
Life habit: infaunalf
Diet: suspension feederf
Vision: blindc
Created: 2007-10-08 06:38:03
Modified: 2009-08-18 20:15:30
Source: f = family, c = class
References: Aberhan et al. 2004, Kiessling 2004

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Anisian to the top of the Holocene or 247.20000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 242.0 Ma

Collections (3045 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Anisian247.2 - 242.0Egypt (Shamal Sina) Pseudocorbula subundata (206058)
Carnian237.0 - 228.0Spain Pseudocorbula subundata (201959)
Late/Upper Triassic237.0 - 201.4Germany Venus biplicata (202142)
Rhaetian208.5 - 201.3Italy Corbis depressa (204921)
Rhaetian208.5 - 201.3Italy (Lombardy) Corbis depressa (38083)
Berriasian145.0 - 139.8Mexico (Durango) Cyclorisma sp. (2154)
Early/Lower Valanginian140.2 - 136.4Switzerland Venus helvetica, Venus obesa, Venus galdryana (2225)
Valanginian139.8 - 132.9France Venus obesa (2220)
Valanginian139.8 - 132.9Switzerland Venus helvetica (2215 2224) Venus obesa (2247)
Late/Upper Hauterivian136.4 - 130.0USA (California) Venus collinium (225530)
Hauterivian - Valanginian132.9 - 132.9Italy (Sardinia) Flaventia brongniartina, Venus cornueliana, Venus thurmanni, Venus vendoperana (2089)
Hauterivian132.9 - 129.4Portugal Venus sp. (73321)
Hauterivian132.9 - 129.4USA (California) Venus collinium (83591)
Hauterivian132.9 - 129.4Switzerland Venus dupiniana (2256) Venus robinaldina, Venus cornueliana (2200) Venus subbrongniartiana, Venus matronensis, Venus robinaldina, Venus cornueliana, Venus obesa, Venus galdryana, Venus escheri, Venus sanctae-crucis, Venus dupiniana, Venus vendoperana (2198) Venus subbrongniartiana, Venus robinaldina, Venus cornueliana, Venus thurmanni, Venus galdryanan, Venus dupiniana, Venus vendoperana (2201)
Hauterivian132.9 - 129.4France Venus dupiniana, Venus robinaldina, Venus cornueliana, Venus sanctae-crucis (2206) Venus robinaldina, Venus cornueliana (2199) Venus robinaldina, Venus cornueliana, Venus vendoperana (2209) Venus subbrongniartiana, Venus ricordeana, Venus robinaldina, Venus cornueliana, Venus obesa (2203)
Barremian129.4 - 125.0France Venus cornueliana, Venus sanctae-crucis (2195)
Barremian129.4 - 125.0Switzerland Venus escheri (2194)
Aptian125.0 - 113.0Switzerland Venus obesa, Venus escheri (2229)
Early/Lower Aptian121.4 - 122.46Switzerland Venus vendoperana (2175) Venus vendoperana, Venus vassiacensis, Venus orbignyana (2232)
Albian113.0 - 100.5Egypt Meretrix deserti, Meretrix orientalis, Meretrix brongniarti (171276)